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黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型应用评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2018,(6)
马铃薯晚疫病是世界马铃薯生产上一种毁灭性病害,化学防治是控制马铃薯晚疫病最有效和最简单的方法。但是,化学防治存在用药不及时和过度施药的问题,采用马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型可以有效解决这个问题。应用黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型,对马铃薯晚疫病发生进行了预测,并与丹麦NegFry模型、每7 d施药和每10 d施药处理比较。黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型处理、丹麦NegFry模型处理和每7 d施药处理与对照相比在病害防治效果方面差异显著,黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型处理与丹麦NegFry模型处理和每7 d施药处理相比不显著。采用黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型与实际病害发生拟合度达95%。黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型与丹麦NegFry模型处理、每7 d施药处理、每10 d施药处理相比,减少杀菌剂使用次数1～3次。与空白对照相比,增产48.24%,小薯率降低5.63个百分点,烂薯率降低4.52个百分点,增加纯收入12 090元/hm~2。所以,黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病预测预报模型与丹麦NegFry模型和每7 d防治处理达到同等防治效果,且降低农药使用量,可及时指导晚疫病田间防治工作。 相似文献
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黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病菌交配型的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
由致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans(Mont.)de Bary引起的晚疫病是目前危害马铃薯生产最严重的病害之一,明确A2交配型在黑龙江省的存在与否,对晚疫病防治策略的制订具有重要的指导意义。本研究将采自黑龙江省大兴安岭、嫩江、讷河、克山、海伦、绥棱、绥化、巴彦、呼兰、哈尔滨、双城、林口、望奎的马铃薯晚疫病样品进行分离纯化得到124个菌株,通过对峙培养鉴定方法进行交配型测定,结果显示:124个菌株中未发现A2交配型菌株,表明黑龙江省未出现马铃薯晚疫病A2交配型。 相似文献
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我国马铃薯晚疫病研究的进展和建议 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文首先从病原菌生理小种、交配型、药剂防治效果及抗病筛选和育种等方面介绍了我国马铃薯晚疫病的研究进展．我国发现的病原菌类型以４号为主，占鉴定总菌株数的一半以上，伴随着品种含Ｒ基因的增多使晚疫病菌逐渐产生毒力基因是导致品种抗病性丧失的原因．１９９６年交配型Ａ２的发现表明我国的马铃薯生产又受到了新的侵染和毒力强的菌株的威胁．瑞毒霉系列药剂应用的防治效果因菌株逐渐积累抗药性愈来愈让位于抗性育种的防治．在过去的十年里，我国从国际马铃薯中心（ＣＩＰ）引进的资源中选出了数个抗晚疫病和高产的品系，并且应用于生产，效益十分显著．近两年从ＣＩＰ引进的具有水平抗性的群体Ｂ更是抗晚疾病育种的优秀材料，可望这些材料的优良性状能尽快应用于生产．文章的最后，就我国马铃薯晚疫病今后的研究方面，作者认为加强国际合作，统一协调的研究规划和合理的良种繁育体系是抗性育种成功的关键。其它方面诸如预测预报系统的建立、病菌变异性的研究和卵孢子生物学及流行学的研究则是有效控制晚疫病爆发的必要基础。 相似文献
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马铃薯品种‘费乌瑞它’的特征特性及优质高产栽培技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沾河林业局位于黑龙江省东北部,土壤和气候特点非常适合种植马铃薯。‘费乌瑞它’(Favorita)引自荷兰,是中国主栽早熟品种之一,由于其商品性好,食味佳,是出口的主要品种,但‘费乌瑞它’易感晚疫病。‘费乌瑞它’栽培主要进行大垄栽培、药剂拌种,在生长季要进行防治晚疫病。 相似文献
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Foliar and tuber blight caused by Phytophthora infestans accounts for significant losses in potatoes in field and storage. Nevertheless, limited research has been published on the
effects of cultural practices on late blight control. Field experiments were conducted in two years on Howard gravely loam
soil in New York State to evaluate the effectiveness of mulching using oat straw and hilling in preventing tuber blight infection
for cvs Allegany and Katahdin. Potato hilling and mulching had little effect on foliar blight development. The cultivar affected
the disease development in the foliage, with cv. Allegany showing lower foliar late blight than cv. Katahdin. Tuber blight
incidence averaged 25% for cv. Allegany and 3% for cv. Katahdin in hilled plots, while in the mulched plots the incidence
of tuber blight averaged 33% for cv. Allegany and 10% for cv. Katahdin. The straw hay mulch was ineffective in tuber blight
control. Tubers set at a soil depth of more than 7 cm had lower tuber blight incidence than shallow tubers set at a depth
of less than 7 cm. In both years, hilling provided partial protection of tubers but its effectiveness was limited in the presence
of favourable conditions for late blight development. Even though large hills had proportionally a lower tuber blight incidence
than medium-sized hills, the difference between the different hill sizes was not significant. These studies suggest that the
use of cultivars with foliage resistance to late blight in combination with cultural practices may partially reduce the incidence
of tuber blight.
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information
and does not imply recommendation for endorsement by Cornell University or the US Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
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不同杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防效试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中一种普遍发生、危害严重的病害,杀菌剂防治该病仍是生产中采用的主要措施。本试验采用氟吡菌胺和霜霉威、噁霜·锰锌、烯酰吗啉和多菌灵4种农药,从发病初期开始连续进行2次施药防治晚疫病。结果表明,4种杀菌剂均有较好的防治效果,68.75%氟吡菌胺和霜霉威SC 1000倍、64%噁霜·锰锌WP 300倍、50%烯酰吗啉WP 1500倍和50%多菌灵WP 500倍施用2次后,平均防治效果分别为76.8%、70.0%、71.0%和62.0%,前3种杀菌剂的防效明显好于后者。 相似文献
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Paul C. Struik 《Potato Research》2010,53(4):277-287
Late blight is a devastating disease in potato production world-wide. Breeding for resistance is complex because of the versatile
and aggressive population of Phytophthora infestans, which overcomes any new genetic source of resistance very rapidly. There are reliable fungicides available to control the
disease, but chemical control is costly and harmful to the environment. There are no cultural practices reducing the infestation,
which are reliable enough to cope with the disease in a non-chemical way. Given the close link between the physiological condition
of the crop and its resistance to late blight, this paper addresses the question whether crop physiology can help to combat
the disease. Although there are possibilities to (partly) escape to the late blight by advancing the crop cycle or the tuber
bulking, it is concluded that crop physiology can do little to reliably reduce the susceptibility to late blight. Breeding
for resistance remains the best option. 相似文献
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12个马铃薯品种对晚疫病抗性比较与药剂防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,探讨常用马铃薯晚疫病防治药剂对不同马铃薯品种晚疫病防治效果,对产量影响及筛选出对马铃薯晚疫病有抗性的品种。结果表明,田间晚疫病发病初期,银法利单用或与其他药剂混用均可以有效控制马铃薯晚疫病,并且增加田间产量;‘荷兰7’,‘黄麻子’、‘荷兰15’和‘尤金’为马铃薯晚疫病易感品种,因此田间管理要提前预防马铃薯晚疫病的发生;‘克新18号’、‘麦肯’、‘延薯4号’和‘克新13号’对晚疫病有较高的抗性;‘中兴202’、‘Lt-5’、‘夏波蒂’和‘克新1号’对晚疫病表现中抗,病害发生初期施药可以有效的控制病害扩展。 相似文献
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河北省一季作区马铃薯主要病虫害有晚疫病、早疫病、黑痣病和二十八星瓢虫,此外,病毒引起的品种退化比较普遍,造成不同程度的损失。本文根据河北省一季作区马铃薯病虫害发生特点总结出一套综合防控技术体系,包括将马铃薯与玉米、大白菜等非茄科作物轮作3年减轻黑痣病危害;采用脱毒薯克服病毒引起的品种退化问题;种薯和(或)土壤消毒控制黑痣病和晚疫病;待马铃薯生长至封垄后,遇到适宜晚疫病发生的天气,喷施1～3次保护性杀菌剂预防晚疫病和早疫病;一旦监测到晚疫病中心病株后即拔除并装入塑料袋带出田外,并交替喷施有治疗效果、能兼治早疫病且作用机制不同的内吸性杀菌剂及混剂;田间出现马铃薯二十八星瓢虫成虫,在杀菌剂中混入高效氯氰菊酯或高效氯氟氰菊酯等高效杀虫剂防虫;马铃薯成熟前1～2周将地上部分割掉并运出田外后收获块茎。 相似文献
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Summary Using visual selection for off-types and image analysis to select against maturation mutants, a line combining improved late
blight resistance and yield was isolated in an in vitro mutagenesis programme from a population of 2101 putative mutants.
The adventitious regenerants from mutagenesis treatment, including spontaneous mutants (somaclonal variants), were subjected
to serial subculture of the apical bud in vitro and two cycles of apical cuttings in vivo to breakdown chimeras. The selected
line was stable in trials over five years; others were unstable or failed to combine improvement in late blight resistance
with high yield. Leaf and tuber image analysis was used to characterize selected lines. Lines that differed most from cv.
Golden Wonder in yield and late blight resistance were more easily distinguished from the control by image analysis. The role
of image analysis in negative selection and in determination of the relatedness of mutants to the control is discussed. 相似文献
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8种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,本研究选择了8种药剂,在马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式下进行晚疫病防治的药效比较试验。结果表明,不同处理均对地上垄体栽培模式下马铃薯晚疫病具有防治和保产的效果。其中,在马铃薯晚疫病发病前期喷施的保护性杀菌剂种中,60%百泰的防治和保产效果最好,防效达79%以上,增产43.54%;其次是银法利,防效达70%以上,增产42.55%。在发病中期喷施的治疗性杀菌剂中,防效和保产效果最好的药剂为50%安克,防效达73%以上,增产36.71%。 相似文献