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1.
1987—1988年在江苏南京—镇江松材线虫疫区内采(征)集143份自然枯死或濒死马尾松样本,在94份(65.7%)样本中查见松材线虫。有关林分中马尾松的病枯情况不一,在句容桥头一下蜀一线、江宁汤山和六合方山等处有过相当多的马尾松发病死亡。表明松材线虫是当地马尾松自然枯死的主要原因。人工测定了无黑松林区5年生浙江富阳马尾松苗及混栽黑松林区4—5年生江苏马尾松苗对两种松材线虫分离物的反应,结果指出,供试松苗都表现中度感染或高度感染,并有20%或70—80%的病枯株。接种林间马尾松,初步证实马尾松对松材线虫的抗性随树龄变化。1—2年生马尾松苗高感松材线虫,病枯株率高达85.7%;树龄25年以上的成材树病枯株率约30%;而10年左右的幼树则无一发病死亡。 相似文献
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通过人工接种松材线虫测定6个“北带”马尾松种源和2个“中带”马尾松种源的3～6年生苗的感病性。接种苗枯死率为37.5%至80%,与马尾松在全国现有疫区内普遍不同程度自然发病枯死的情形一致。7个种源接种苗的平均枯死率(53.5%)低于黑松对照(89.4%)。表明国内的马尾松种源对松材线虫中等或中等以上感病。测定国内重要疫区的5个代表性松材线虫株对8年生黑松和3年生马尾松苗的致病力,枯株率分别为90%以上和30%～90%。由此分析了松材线虫萎蔫病在南方林区流行的极大可能性。 相似文献
3.
过去3年的调查表明,在江苏南京镇江松材线虫病区内雪松(Cedrus deodara)自然枯死相对很少,在采得的22株枯死雪松松材中,从未查见松材线虫。在1987-1989年用松材线虫分离物1号、3号或4号(分别分离自江苏和深圳罹病黑松Pinus thunbergii和马尾松P.masso-niana病材中),分5次接种60株4或7-8年生雪松苗或20多年及30多年生雪松树,仅2株4年生接种苗发病死亡,从死苗中分离到的松材线虫数量远低于接进的虫量。可见雪松苗期至成材期在江苏病区都能高度抵抗松材线虫。 相似文献
4.
过去3年的调查表明,在江苏南京镇江松材线虫病区内雪松(Cedrus deodara)自然枯死相对很少,在采得的22株枯死雪松松材中,从未查见松材线虫。在1987—1989年用松材线虫分离物1号、3号或4号(分别分离自江苏和深圳罹病黑松Pinus thunbergii和马尾松P.masso-niana病材中),分5次接种60株4或7—8年生雪松苗或20多年及30多年生雪松树,仅2株4年生接种苗发病死亡,从死苗中分离到的松材线虫数量远低于接进的虫量。可见雪松苗期至成材期在江苏病区都能高度抵抗松材线虫。黄山上4年生黄山松(P.taiwanensis)苗在南京人工接种条件下,对松材线虫分离物1号及3号都高度感染,20株接种苗全部发病死亡。 相似文献
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松褐天牛与马尾松大量萎蔫死亡关系的调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马尾松萎蔫死亡主要是由松褐天牛携带的松材线虫侵害引致。由于马尾松不是松材线虫的感病松属,对松材线虫的繁殖存在一定的抗性。松材线虫疫区马尾松所以大量快速死亡,不但与松材线虫及其主要传播媒介松褐天牛幼虫为害有关,而且与松材线虫侵入后,使大量已受松突圆蚧为害生势衰退的马尾松更趋衰弱,从而引致除松褐天牛外,还有赤梗天牛、松白星象等已查明的8种专门为害生势衰弱马尾松的害虫迅速繁殖为害有关。不及时砍伐快速死亡马尾松灭虫的疫区尤其严重。病虫综合为害是疫区马尾松大量萎蔫死亡的基本因素。 相似文献
6.
日本松材线虫和南京松材线虫对雪松和马尾松的致病性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用来自日本的木质包装材料上截获的松材线虫和南京松材线虫进行对雪松Ｃｅｄｒｕｓｄｅｏｄａｒａ和马尾松Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａ的致病力试验，发现日本松材线虫能使４～５年生雪松苗２０％发病，１０％左右枯死，而南京松材线虫则没有致病力；１０年生雪松对两种松材线虫具有高度抗性。这两种松材线虫都能使马尾松中度感病和１０％左右的枯死 相似文献
7.
松材线虫对马尾松的致病性及其早期诊断试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验通过从枯死松树分离繁殖的松材线虫 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 接种3～4年生马尾松苗,观察到接种株第45天开始出现外观症状,三个月内接种株相继枯死。在枯死株中分离出大量松材线虫,表明松材线虫对马尾松具有明显的致病性。试验还通过酸性品红染色追踪树液流,观察到松材线虫侵染早期,其松脂管的薄壁细胞受破坏,松脂从松脂管渗漏至周围的管胞中,使水溶性染剂不能着色而出现白斑,树液移动受阻。而对照株中染剂可在植株管胞中自由移动,不会产生白斑,松脂流动只限于松脂管内。而在这段时间接种株和对照株外观上生长正常,并无明显差异。因此,通过酸性品红染色追踪树液流,观察植株根茎横切面白斑的出现可作为早期诊断马尾松松材线虫病的一种方法。 相似文献
8.
一、1986年松材线虫的调查经过和鉴定结果 1986年南京市郊松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)萎蔫病普遍发生。经我们建议,自10月中旬开始由南京市农林局、南京市中山陵园管理处、江苏省农林厅林业局周元生局长等和南京农业大学线虫实验室,从南京市郊(中山陵园区的江苏省植物所、汤山乡、西岗、雨花台、东善桥林场、铁心、江浦县)以及镇江市句容县、苏州市昆山县等地采集或征集了枯死、濒死的黑松和马尾松树林材样本60多份,用线盘法 相似文献
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Yasuhiro Mori Fumihiko Miyahara Yuji Tsutsumi Ryuichiro Kondo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):529-538
To study the relationship between resistance to pine wilt disease and the migration or proliferation of pine wood nematodes
(PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), we conducted experiments using clonally-propagated Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii) with pre-evaluated individual resistance levels. Bark including the cortical resin canals—one of the main migration pathways
of PWN—was removed by girdling, but neither the migration of PWN nor symptom development of pine wilt disease were inhibited
by this treatment in non-resistant clones. Histological observations showed no significant differences in the lumen area or
the number of cortical- and xylem- axial resin canals between resistant and susceptible clone groups from a half-sib family.
A bioassay using methanol extracts from resistant and susceptible clones showed that extracts from both clones showed similar
attractant effects to PWN, but neither had repellent effects. The resistant clones were multi-inoculated with PWN into three
split points to mimic migration in the stem. The proportion of damaged plants was not significantly different from that in
single-inoculated plants (control). In this experiment, the number of PWN detected from partially-damaged plants was much
higher than that from non-damaged plants. An inoculation test using stem cuttings showed that the population of PWN increased
in susceptible cuttings at 1–20 days after inoculation (dai), while it remained unchanged or gradually decreased in resistant
cuttings. These findings suggested that the factors contributing to resistance were associated with inhibiting the proliferation
of PWN, rather than inhibiting their migration. 相似文献
12.
Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become of worldwide quarantine concern in recent years. Here, we disclosed the surface coat (SC) proteins of the PWN which are thought to be one of the key components in pine wilt development. This is the first report that focused on the SC proteins and thoroughly identified those proteins of a plant-parasitic nematode using the proteomic approach. In this study, SC protein profiles were compared for PWNs grown on the fungus Botrytis cinerea and in host pine seedlings. The results demonstrated that the gross amount of PWN SC proteins drastically increased during infection of the host pine. Thirty-seven protein bands showed significant quantity differences between fungus-grown and host-origin PWNs, and were used for identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. These included several proteins that are presumed to be involved in the host immune response; for example, regulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a ROS scavenger. These results might suggest that the PWN SC proteins are crucial in modulating or evading host immune response. Our data provide a new insight into the mechanism of pine wilt disease and the biological role of the SC proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes. 相似文献
13.
黑松13个抗病家系对松材线虫的抗性反应及组织病理学观察 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为评估自日本引进的抗性黑松对松材线虫(Pine Wood Nematode,PWN)的抗病性,选用3个不同来源的PWN强毒和中强毒虫株采用皮接法接种,对1.5年生的黑松13个优良家系进行抗病性测定。结果表明,引进的黑松大部分家系对3个PWN虫株都表现出一定的抗病性,但针对不同虫株,抗病各家系间差异明显,其中有7个家系(3、4、5、6、9、11和12号)表现良好。同时,为探讨引进黑松家系感染PWN后的组织病理反应,对12号抗性家系进行组织病理学研究。观察表明,松材线虫在抗性黑松和普通黑松中的纵向扩散速度差别不明显,但其在抗性黑松内的横向扩散速度比在普通黑松内要慢,且抗性黑松体内木射线细胞和围绕树脂道泌脂细胞的薄壁细胞,出现病变要比普通黑松晚;在接种后同一时间取茎段的同一部位发现,抗性松苗组织解剖结构及细胞的病变和破坏程度要比普通松苗轻。 相似文献
14.
Kazuki Fujiwara Chihiro Aoyama Masao Takano Makoto Shinohara 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(3):217-220
An organic hydroponic system that we developed has potential to control root diseases including bacterial wilt of hydroponically grown tomato. In inoculation tests with Ralstonia solanacearum during tomato plant cultivation in conventional inorganic hydroponics and in our organic system, many of the tomato seedlings in the conventional system wilted and died, but none of the seedlings in the organic hydroponics wilted or developed any symptoms, suggesting that the organic system can suppress this bacterial wilt disease. Interestingly, a rhizosphere biofilm, formed only on roots in the organic hydroponic system, may be responsible for the suppression of the bacterial wilt. 相似文献
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松材线虫种群遗传多样性AFLP标记的建立及其应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
松材线虫是极具危险性的外来入侵生物,其引起的松材线虫病,目前正在我国部分地区迅速扩展和蔓延,对我国林业生产造成了严重的经济损失。开展松材线虫的种群遗传学研究,是了解其成功入侵和爆发成灾内在机理的重要途径。但迄今为止,尚未找到很有效的分子标记方法来检测松材线虫入侵种群的遗传变异。本文采用AFLP分子标记技术,通过对各反应体系和反应条件的优化及对多态性引物组合的筛选,成功地建立了松材线虫的AFLP分子标记实验体系,并筛选出52对高效多态性的引物组合。应用4对引物对27个松材线虫种群样品进行遗传多样性检测,结果表明,AFLP是进行松材线虫种群遗传学研究的一种很灵敏和可靠的分子标记。此外,本文还对AFLP技术在松材线虫研究中的应用前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
16.
松材线虫是松树萎蔫病的主要病原,为了筛选到具有较高杀线虫活性的苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis菌株,采用直接触杀法对苏云金芽胞杆菌发酵液进行杀线虫活性以及稳定性的检测,并对筛选出的高活性菌株通过扩增16S rDNA片段进行菌株的鉴定。结果表明,4个菌株中具有最高活性的菌株D发酵液处理松材线虫8 h的死亡率超过70%,24 h其死亡率达到100%;在温度为-20、25、40、60、80和121℃条件下处理的菌株D发酵液,其对松材线虫的毒力都在85%以上;在pH 5.0~10.0时,菌株D发酵液对松材线虫的毒力都在85%~94%,并无显著的差异;将菌株D发酵液进行蛋白酶K处理后,其对松材线虫的毒力仍在98%以上;在4℃环境下保存50 d,菌株D发酵液的毒力没有明显下降。通过16S rDNA 1.5 kb片段的序列分析,初步得出菌株D可能是苏云金芽胞杆菌KNU-07。可见,菌株D发酵液具有耐热、耐储藏和对蛋白酶K稳定的特性,是一株具有开发潜力和应用前景的高毒力菌株。 相似文献
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Pine wilt disease (PWD), recently introduced into Europe, is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and is a devastating illness that affects mainly pine trees. It is known that the PWN is capable of infecting other conifers; however, there is currently no information on which other plant species may be susceptible to PWD. In this study, the potential susceptibility of two common species of European forests, Picea abies and Cupressus lusitanica, to PWN was assessed through the monitoring of visual external symptoms, dimension and localization of the nematode population in stems, quantification of total chlorophyll, total soluble phenolics and lignin, at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The degree of susceptibility was established through the comparison of symptoms with Pinus pinaster, a well‐known PWN host. Furthermore, the stem ultrastructure of P. abies, C. lusitanica and Pn. pinaster was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that P. abies and C. lusitanica are resistant to PWN, and that lignin biosynthesis in these species is affected at an early stage of the infestation. Nevertheless, P. abies seems to be a compatible host that could act as a repository for PWN. 相似文献
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Toshihiro Umebayashi Toshihiro Yamada Kazunari Fukuhara Ryota Endo Dai Kusumoto Kenji Fukuda 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(2):463-467
In pine wilt disease, xylem dysfunction occurs in relation to nematode migration and proliferation in host tissue, but the detection accuracy of pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in pine stem tissue remains unclear. This study describes the use of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (F-WGA) staining to detect PWN. After PWN invasion, the frequency of surface fluorescence in PWN increased in pine stems from the day of inoculation to 3 weeks after inoculation. However, the fluorescence frequency decreased significantly during the advanced disease stage after 5 weeks. Thus, detecting PWN based on fluorescent staining of the nematode body surface coat protein can be misleading when used to examine the correlation between the development of disease symptoms and the nematode population. In contrast, all cut body segments were fluorescent, and their fluorescent components were common in pine-stem cross sections, regardless of the timing after inoculation. In addition, PWN were observed under cryo-SEM only in empty resin canals and this distribution was confirmed by F-WGA staining of PWN cut in a cross section. Thus, PWN detection based on fluorescent staining of surface coat proteins by F-WGA was not reliable in longitudinal sections of pine stems because of changes in nematode stainability during disease progression. To detect PWN in infected plants, we concluded that a combination of both methods is most effective. 相似文献