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1.
不同间作模式及管理措施对核桃幼林生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对不同抚育管理条件下核桃林地物理性状和林木生长状况进行研究,结果表明间作小麦和玉米核桃林Ⅱ的物理性状优于间作小麦、花生和棉花核桃林Ⅰ和Ⅲ,嫁接对土壤物理性状无影响;嫁接核桃林Ⅱ、Ⅲ在核桃地径生长、树高生长、枝下高、冠幅、枝梢数、花芽数、标准枝长度和粗度显著优于实生核桃林Ⅰ;间作小麦和玉米的核桃林Ⅱ生长指标也显著低于间作小麦、花生和棉花的核桃林Ⅲ。 相似文献
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和田地区核桃林下间作模式探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《绿色科技》2017,(21)
指出了林下间作是充分利用林下各种资源,助推经济发展的一种重要经济模式。核桃林下间作栽培有助于提高核桃的产量以及林下经济水平。基于此,探讨了和田地区核桃林下间作栽培模式现状,针对存在的问题提出了相应的发展建议,旨在促进核桃产量和质量的提升。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(6)
本研究比较了丘陵地区油茶单作、花生单作及油茶-花生间作三种种植模式下五种土壤酶(蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶)活性的差异,并采用相关分析、通径分析对土壤酶活性和土壤养分的相关性进行了研究,旨在探讨油茶种植模式对土壤酶活性的影响,以期为油茶生产中培肥和改良土壤提供参考。结果表明,不同种植模式对土壤酶活性影响明显。与油茶单作相比,油茶-花生间作显著提高0~10 cm土层土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶及过氧化氢酶的活性,以及10~20 cm土层蔗糖酶活性;与花生单作相比,油茶-花生间作显著提高了0~10 cm土层土壤蛋白酶活性。相关性分析表明土壤酶活性与土壤养分的相关性较高,特别是脲酶和酸性磷酸酶。通径分析结果表明,土壤速效磷和速效钾对蔗糖酶产生显著的直接影响,有机质和速效磷是影响蛋白酶的主导因子,土壤全氮是影响脲酶的重要因素,土壤全氮和速效磷是直接影响酸性磷酸酶的重要因子。综合看来,与油茶单作相比,油茶-花生间作模式可以改善土壤质量,提高土壤酶活性,对提高土壤肥力有着重要意义。 相似文献
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《经济林研究》2014,(3)
为了了解板栗-农作物间作的土壤理化性质变化状况,对广西东兰县4种板栗-农间作模式(板栗-玉米、板栗-花生、板栗-黄豆和板栗纯林)土壤密度、孔隙度、持水量、pH值和养分含量进行分析比较。研究结果表明,不同板栗-农间作模式土壤理化性质存在一定差异,其中板栗-花生、板栗-玉米、板栗-黄豆和板栗纯林表层土壤(0~20 cm)密度分别为1.11、1.13、1.08和1.21 g/cm3,非毛管隙度分别为13.60%、11.36%、10.35%和9.62%,总孔隙度分别为54.04%、52.68%、53.73和50.42%;不同板栗-农间作模式按照土壤全N、水解N、速效P和速效K含量由高到低排列依次大致为板栗-花生、板栗-黄豆、板栗-玉米、板栗纯林。因此,板栗混作有利于改善土壤结构,提高土壤有效养分含量。 相似文献
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修枝对杨粮间作系统中光照及作物产量和生物量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实验选取株行距 1m× 10m的毛白杨和花生间作田 ,研究修枝对间作田不同水平位置的光照及花生产量和生物量的影响。结果表明 :随修枝强度的增大 ,不同处理间作田相应位置的光照强度增强 ,花生的产量和生物量也随之增加。修一层枝和修两层枝的间作田 ,东林冠下测点日均光照强度分别比不修枝的提高 2 6 0 %和 5 5 1% ;西林冠下提高 19 0 %和 38 4 % ;行中提高 2 0 7%和 38 6 %。修一层枝、修两层枝的间作田花生产量分别比不修枝的提高17 1%和 4 7 6 % ,花生果生物量提高 17 6 %和 4 7 8% ,秸秆提高 12 0 %和 31 5 %。修枝对花生根生物量影响不显著 相似文献
9.
林药套种对幼龄核桃生长和林地土壤养分影响研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《湖北林业科技》2015,(1):44-47
以幼林核桃与白术、桔梗、黄芩和亳菊套种模式为对象,研究套种药材对幼林核桃生长量的影响,林地土壤养分的变化,以及药材产量随核桃郁闭度的变化。结果表明:在一个生长季内,套种白术、桔梗和黄芩,显著延缓了幼龄核桃的高生长,对地径生长无显著影响;与桔梗和黄芩相比,白术对幼龄核桃的高生长影响最小。套种不同药材对土壤养分含量的影响存在较大差异,建议常规施肥之外,套种黄芩时应适当增加氮磷肥用量。桔梗在低郁闭度下产量较高,而亳菊在高郁闭度下产量较高。生产中应根据核桃林下光照条件的变化选择药材。 相似文献
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W. Zhang B. J. Wang Y. W. Gan Z. P. Duan X. D. Hao W. L. Xu X. Lv L. H. Li 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(5):881-893
The jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)/wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) agroforestry system is frequently used in China’s Xinjiang Province. The system improves land-use efficiency and increases economic returns. A field experiment was conducted at the Hetian oasis in southern Xinjiang Province to investigate the relationship between root distribution and interspecific interaction between the two intercropped species. The study included seven treatments: sole-cropped 5, 7, or 9-year-old jujube trees (treatments 1–3); 5, 7, or 9-year-old jujube trees intercropped with wheat (treatments 4–6); and sole-cropped wheat (treatment 7). To determine vertical root distribution, soil cores were collected in 20-cm increments from the 0 to 100-cm soil depth. The cores were collected at horizontal distances of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm from the jujube rows. The results showed that the land equivalent ratios were >1 for the three jujube/wheat intercropping systems. This indicated that these systems were advantageous compared with sole cropping. Tree height, breast height diameter, and mean crown radius were less in the intercropped treatments than in the corresponding sole-cropped treatments. Intercropping reduced the root length densities (RLDs) and root diameters (RDs) of both jujube and wheat at all soil depths. The RLD and RD of 9-year-old jujube trees were greater than those of the 5- and 7-year-old trees, which indicated that the root systems of the 9-year-old trees were more developed. Wheat root growth was inhibited more by older jujube trees than by younger ones. In conclusion, jujube tree/wheat intercropping can be practical and beneficial in the region. However, the mechanisms involved in the belowground interspecific interactions are still unknown. Additional research is needed to provide optimal management strategies and technologies for jujube/wheat intercropping. 相似文献
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In order to study the effect of tree crop intercropping on a young plantation of Populus tomentosa in the plains along the Yellow River, field experiments were conducted by observing the growth of the plantation, the nutrient
content in leaves, the nutrient and water content in the soil, and the output of crops. The relationship between forest growth
and nutrient content in the tree leaves and the soil were analyzed. Results show that tree crop intercropping in young plantations
can not only improve soil water content, but also enhance the contents of organic matter and the available nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium in soil resulting in the vigorous growth of the individual trees. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was positively
related to the contents of organic matter in the soil, and the contents of N, P and K in the tree leaves had correlation coefficients
of 0.967, 0.955, 0.988 and 0.972, respectively. Whole tree leaf area, crown width, number of branches and the mean length
of branches in the intercropped plantation (intercropped with watermelon and vegetables, peanut and winter wheat, and soybean)
were, respectively, 1.70–3.0 times, 2.22–2.47 times, 1.0–1.41 times and 1.70–2.32 times of those of CK (without intercropping).
Diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height in the intercropped plantation were 50.5%–136.7% and 27%–59.5% higher than
those of the CK, respectively. The study also showed that intercropping with watermelon and vegetables proved to have the
highest economic return among the treatments adopted. Tree crop intercropping in young plantations is an effective measure
to increase forest growth and economic benefit.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 81–85 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
13.
冷凉地区云南红豆杉人工幼林生长缓慢。利用1a生云南红豆杉苗作为实验材料,进行3种有机肥施肥效应实验、腐殖土施肥量梯度实验、林粮间作实验。4年的实验结果表明,采用羊圈肥、猪圈肥、腐殖土3种有机肥料,腐殖土肥效明显,以腐殖土作底肥可使云南红豆杉幼树的生物量增长量达到最高。腐殖土施肥量梯度实验效应：采用1．5kg／株的腐殖土作底肥更有利于促进云南红豆杉幼树的生长。林粮间作实验效应为：分季节采用黄豆、蚕豆与云南红豆杉隔行间作的林粮间作模式更有利于云南红豆杉幼树生物量的增长。 相似文献
14.
Growing concern for economic and environmental issues emphasizes the potential value of intercropping systems in temperate
regions. However, the selection of relevant tree species to be associated with crops has been little documented. The growth
and the nitrogen nutrition of two economically valuable species, wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and hybrid walnut (Juglans nigra L.×Juglans regia L.), were compared over six years after plantation. These two species were associated with non-irrigated cereal crops in
the agroforestry treatment or grown separately (weeded control and fallow). Intercropping increased diameter growth as soon
as year 2 in the two species. Leaf biomass assessment using allometric models showed an earlier and greater leaf biomass increase
in hybrid walnut than in wild cherry tree. After six years, the relative growth increase of the agroforestry trees with respect
to the control trees varied with the parameter considered (diameter at breast height from +26 to +65%, leaf biomass from +54
to +142%) and with the tree species (higher relative growth for hybrid walnut trees). The beneficial effect on tree growth
can be accounted for in terms of enhanced nitrogen nutrition. The tree–crop association in intercropping systems, which improves
tree growth, might thus allow the planting of more demanding trees on soils of lower fertility. 相似文献
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基于稳定碳同位素技术的华北石质山区2种果农复合模式水分利用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在冬小麦返青期、拔节期、扬花-灌浆期和成熟期4个生育期采用稳定碳同位素技术研究华北石质山区4年生株行距3m×4m的核桃-小麦和石榴-小麦复合系统以及单作小麦的水分利用。研究得出核桃间作小麦(WIW)、石榴间作小麦(MIW)和单作小麦(MW)的δ13C和WUE分别为-27.151‰,-26.788‰,-27.338‰和12.780,13.285,12.622mmolC·mol-1H2O。在整个小麦生育期,δ13C和WUE都以石榴间作小麦的最大。WIW和MIW的WUE在拔节期分别比MW显著提高13.84%和10.86%。产量和总生物量都是MW显著高于WIW和MIW。WIW和MIW的总耗水量为185.92mm和175.27mm,分别比MW(253.81mm)少耗26.75%和30.94%,间作系统可显著降低小麦的耗水量,比单作小麦分别减产26.79%和32.19%。产量和生物量呈正相关且两者都与耗水量呈显著正相关,但与WUE相关性不显著,表明小麦耗水越多形成的生物量和产量越多。核桃-小麦和石榴-小麦间作系统在果树的第4年果实收获与清耕果园差异不明显,间作小麦尽管减产但仍有较好的作物收益并且耗水少,可以继续发展林农复合系统,以最大限度地提高经济效益。 相似文献
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This article describes an approach to evaluate the difference in net present valued economic returns that would be expected
from temperate intercropping as compared to annual cropping or tree farming alone. This tool can be used by landowners to
provide a threshold level of the value of interaction effects required for a proposed intercropping project to break even,
based on current data. The landowner would then need to consider, using information from other sources, whether the threshold
is realistic for given site conditions. The threshold value is useful to agricultural policy-makers to consider economic instruments
that would induce landowners to adopt intercropping, if it should be considered socially beneficial to do so. The approach
measures the financial gap that exists between intercropping and annual cropping alone and compares this gap to the beneficial
interaction effects that are associated with intercropping. The approach is demonstrated using experimental results from an
on-going intercropping study at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada. A base model scenario using black walnut trees with
annual crops is set up with a 5% discount rate, 96 trees per hectare, and sawlog prices for black walnut of $1066 per 1000
bdft as a base case. The base model predicts that black walnut and corn intercropping returns $555 per hectare less than the
annual crops alone, over the entire rotation of trees. This amounts to about $42 per hectare per year in annual terms, at
a 6% rate of discount. This is the threshold that would need to accounted for by the net present value (NPV) of on-farm interaction
effects. This estimate depends on the specific assumptions made and the experimental situation, and should not be interpreted
as reflecting returns possible in other circumstances.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
为确定太行山低山丘陵区核桃栽植过程中的有效整地方法,采用表土作埂和表土回填2种方式研究了整地过程中不同表土利用方式对核桃树体生长的影响,结果表明:表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树平均树高分别为106.8cm、63.6cm,平均单株长枝数量分别为10个、4个,均为表土回填极显著高于表土作埂的;表土回填和表土作埂的1a生核桃幼树平均基径分别为2.13cm、1.22cm,表土回填显著大于表土作埂的。在0~20cm土层中,表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树≤1mm的根系数量分别为77.7条、45.3条,表土回填极显著高于表土作埂的;1~3mm的根系数量分别为10条、6条,表土回填是表土作埂的1.67倍。在20~40cm土层中,表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树≤1mm的根系数量分别为126条、87.9条,3~5mm的根系数量分别为13条、8条,均为表土回填显著高于表土作埂的;在40~60cm土层中,表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树≤1mm的根系数量分别为134条、75条,表土回填极显著高于表土作埂的。因此,在整地的过程中,采用表土回填的土壤利用方式有利于核桃幼树和根系的生长。 相似文献
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The establishment of trees and associated herbaceous understorey vegetation during the afforestation of former arable lands
can decrease soil erosion, increase soil fertility and diversify plantation income. This study reports on the five-year results
from experimental plots of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) established in association with two different herbaceous understoreys in 1994 in central Italy. Treatments included:
(i) walnut established with plastic film mulching in association with subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.); (ii) walnut with subclover; (iii) walnut with a spontaneous herbaceous cover (grassing treatment); (iv) clean-cultivated
walnut (control). Stem growth rates and the periodical changes in predawn and midday leaf water potentials of walnut, as well
as the annual sward dry matter production, were measured. Over the five-years, the understorey vegetation was competitive
towards trees, negatively affecting their leaf water status relative to the control, especially during mid-summer observations,
with the onset of summer drought. Tree growth in the grassing treatment was slightly but significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in height in comparison to unmulched trees with subclover. Subclover competitiveness towards walnut was completely
masked by the plastic mulching, so that mulched walnut with subclover had the highest cumulative stem diameter and height
(+20% than control treatment). This was associated with water potentials that were never higher than the control. The subclover-mulched
treatment, due to its three main advantages (highest cumulative stem growth, an annual dry matter fodder production of 6.3 t/ha,
and soil erosion protection), appears to be a promising cultural model for walnut cultivation in areas without marked drought. 相似文献
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Combined production of timber and forage species is considered to be a desirable land-use system to offset some of the current land management problems of Italy. This paper reports the early results of a study on intercropping young plants of walnut with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), with or without polyethylene mulching, in an experimental plantation in central Italy. Two genotypes of walnut were used:Juglans regia L. and the French hybrid NG23×RA. The seasonal changes of absolute and relative growth rates of walnut stem diameter and apical shoot length were investigated.During both growing seasons, alfalfa intercropping strongly decreased walnut growth, whereas polyethylene mulching promoted stem height and diameter growth. Stem growth of intercropped-and-mulched walnut was the same as that of sole walnut under clean cultivation management. The use of polyethylene mulching reduced or avoided the competitive effect of associated alfalfa on walnut growth. During both growing seasons, the intercropped-and-mulched walnut had higher relative growth rates than intercropped-unmulched walnut. The results show the effectiveness of polyethylene mulching in promoting early growth of walnut, even when intercropped with alfalfa during early stages of plantation establishment. 相似文献