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1.
BACKGROUND: B and Q biotypes of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), are generally regarded as the most significant given their global distribution and strong resistance to insecticides. Since these biotypes can coexist and differ markedly in their insecticide resistance profiles, a rapid but reliable means of discriminating between them would be a valuable complement to resistance monitoring and management programmes. Recently, PCR‐based methods have been developed to determine the biotype status of B. tabaci populations. However, these require post‐amplification procedures, which increase time and labour. RESULTS: The authors have developed an allelic discrimination real‐time PCR assay using fluorescent dye‐labelled probes to distinguish the B and Q biotypes. The assay targets a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene. To evaluate the assay, DNA was extracted from individual whiteflies of six known biotype strains, and all scored correctly as either a B or Q biotype. As further validation, 72 individuals from field samples collected in different parts of the world were also tested by the assay. No failed reactions were observed, with all 72 samples scoring clearly as either the B or Q biotype. CONCLUSION: The development of this rapid and high‐throughput assay has important potential for routine monitoring of B and Q biotypes on ornamental plants and for the screening of B. tabaci populations in countries where these biotypes are not yet established. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
为明确L-阿拉伯糖对B型和Q型烟粉虱毒性及其取食行为的影响,调查了饲喂含有L-阿拉伯糖人工饲料后烟粉虱的死亡率,利用刺吸电位技术(EPG)记录其取食行为,并观察了饲喂后其在人工饲料膜上的刺孔数量及直径。结果表明,B型和Q型烟粉虱的校正死亡率均随L-阿拉伯糖浓度及饲喂时间的增加而升高;在3种浓度下,B型烟粉虱校正死亡率均显著高于Q型烟粉虱;在5%、10%浓度下,Q型烟粉虱校正死亡率分别在第5天和第3天达100%,B型烟粉虱分别在第3天和第2天达到100%;5%L-阿拉伯糖对B型烟粉虱取食行为影响比Q型大;在5%浓度下,B型和Q型烟粉虱在膜上的刺孔数量总体少于对照组。研究表明,L-阿拉伯糖对烟粉虱具有杀虫活性,且对B型和Q型烟粉虱的毒性效果不同。 相似文献
3.
BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci, the sweetpotato whitefly, is a globally invasive pest that causes serious agricultural damage by transmitting plant viruses. This pest forms a cryptic species complex that displays morphologically indistinguishable biotypes. Among them, the B and Q biotypes are the most important pests worldwide. Because they have different levels of insecticide resistance, these biotypes must be identified in order to achieve proper pest control. Therefore, a convenient, rapid and specific detection method for identifying the two biotypes is necessary. RESULTS: Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was employed for rapid identification of B. tabaci B and Q biotypes. By combining a quick DNA extraction method, identification of the two biotypes was achieved within 1 h of detection time. The LAMP assay was applied to study the dynamics of B. tabaci biotypes both in the field and in greenhouses. It was found that, while temperature may be important for population dynamics of the whitefly in the field, population dynamics in greenhouse conditions may be influenced by the types of insecticide. CONCLUSION: The newly designed LAMP assay is a simple, rapid and accurate method for identifying the B and Q biotypes. It can be conducted by non‐specialists and can contribute to pest management. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
4.
BACKGROUND: Resistance to numerous insecticide classes in Bemisia tabaci Gennadius has impaired field control efficacy in south‐eastern China. The biotype and resistance status of B. tabaci collected from these areas was investigated. RESULTS: Two different biotypes of B. tabaci (B‐biotype and Q‐biotype) were detected in south‐eastern China, and the samples collected from geographical regions showed a prevalence of the Q‐biotype and the coexistence of B‐ and Q‐biotypes in some regions. Moderate to high levels of resistance to two neonicotinoids were established in both biotypes (28–1900‐fold to imidacloprid, 29–1200‐fold to thiamethoxam). Medium to high levels of resistance to alpha‐cypermethrin (22–610‐fold) were also detected in both biotypes. Four out of 12 populations had low to medium levels of resistance to fipronil (10–25‐fold). Four out of 12 populations showed low levels of resistance to spinosad (5.7–6.4‐fold). All populations tested were susceptible to abamectin. CONCLUSION: The Q‐biotype B. tabaci is supplanting the B‐biotype which used to be ubiquitous in China. Field populations of both B‐ and Q‐biotypes of B. tabaci have developed high levels of resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Abamectin is the most effective insecticide against adult B. tabaci from all populations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
The biotype status of samples of the whiteflyBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) collected from several field and greenhouse sites in Israel during 1999–2000 was determined
by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for general esterases, and by RAPD-PCR using primers of arbitrary sequence. Results
of this survey provide the first published evidence for the occurrence of theB. tabaci Q biotype, alongside the more widely distributed B biotype. Based on the collected samples, it appears that both the B and
Q biotypes are present in Israel, and that field populations consist of a mixture of the two biotypes. A possible link betweenB. tabaci biotypes and insecticide resistance is discussed.
Contribution no. 508/02 from the Inst. of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 5, 2002. 相似文献
6.
中国部分农区作物上本地烟粉虱隐种的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci是一个至少包括36个不同隐种的物种复合体,为明确中国本地烟粉虱隐种的分布,采用线粒体COI基因(mt COI)分子标记法对2011—2012年在中国27个省(市)61个烟粉虱种群中获得的45个非B/Q隐种烟粉虱个体进行了隐种鉴定和分析,并利用邻接法基于mt COI序列构建了本地烟粉虱隐种的系统发育树。结果显示:45个非B/Q隐种烟粉虱对应的45条线粒体COI序列中共有10个单倍型,所有单倍型分别属于烟粉虱Asia II 2、Asia II 6、Asia II 7、Asia I与China1隐种,均为我国本地隐种。其中,在安徽省发现烟粉虱Asia II 2和China1隐种,在福建省发现Asia II 6和China1隐种,在海南省发现Asia II和Asia I隐种,在广东省发现Asia II 7隐种,在江西省发现China1隐种。表明中国部分农区作物上仍然存在少量的本地烟粉虱。 相似文献
7.
为明确江苏地区Q型烟粉虱的遗传多样性及其入侵来源,基于mt DNA COI基因序列,对2010、2011年采自江苏13个市的Q型烟粉虱种群进行了单倍型分析。结果显示,江苏地区Q型烟粉虱有4个单倍型,分别为单倍型Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4,不同单倍型的分布和发生频率不同,其中单倍型Q2是13个地理种群的共享单倍型,2010、2011年的发生频率均超过50%;单倍型Q1和Q3分别是部分地理种群的共享单倍型,发生频率较低;单倍型Q4仅在扬州种群中出现,发生频率最低;单倍型Q1和Q3亲缘关系较近,单倍型Q2和Q4亲缘关系较近,表明各地理种群间既有一定的基因交流,也存在一定程度的遗传分化;系统发育分析表明,江苏地区的Q型烟粉虱可能来源于西部地中海地区,与日本的Q型烟粉虱具有相同的入侵来源。 相似文献
8.
The spatial dispersal patterns ofTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) disease vectored by the B and Q biotypes of the whiteflyBemisia tabaci in tomato glasshouses were compared. Tomato plants were arranged in glasshouses and TYLCV-infected plants were placed in
the center of each plot. Adult whiteflies of each biotype were released onto TYLCV-infected plants and the insects were then
freely dispersed in the glasshouses under high or moderate temperature conditions. The abundance and spatial distribution
of dispersed whiteflies did not differ between the B and Q biotypes in tomato glasshouses. The disease incidence and dispersion
of TYLCV as a result of short-distance movement of the whiteflies were also similar between the two biotypes, although on
several investigation dates there was a tendency for the disease incidence caused by the B biotype to be slightly greater
than that caused by the Q biotype. These results demonstrated that the aspects of spatial spread of TYLCV vectored by the
B and Q biotypes ofB. tabaci in tomato glasshouses are similar.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 11, 2007. 相似文献
9.
Michelle E. Powell Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Howard A. Bell Neil Boonham Jane Morris Phil Northing 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(4):797-801
For the UK, Bemisia tabaci poses a threat primarily to protected vegetable crops due to the transmission of several plant-pathogenic viruses. There are at least 24 different biotypes of B. tabaci that cannot be differentiated through morphological traits. The B (Middle East-Asia Minor 1 species) and Q (Mediterranean species) biotypes are widely considered to be the most important and, as such, the ability to rapidly and precisely biotype B. tabaci interceptions is vital when developing effective control strategies. Intercepted adult/pupal B. tabaci received from the UK Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate (PHSI) during 2002–2003 (n?=?60) and 2010–2011 (n?=?42) were both biotyped and tested for the presence of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) using a real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan? chemistry. The positive results indicated that during 2002–2003 the Q biotype comprised 68.3?% of the interceptions whilst in 2010–2011 it comprised 66.7?% of the B. tabaci samples intercepted. Only three of the B biotypes collected during 2002–2003 were positive for TYLCSV, two originating from Israel and the other of unknown origin. The implications in regards to pest management of the insect are discussed. 相似文献
10.
The recent upsurgence ofBemisia tabaci (Genn.) as an important insect pest and vector ofTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is directly linked to serious damage to tomato crops grown throughout Japan. The molecular genetic identification
and phylogenetic relationships of 12B. tabaci populations collected from representative locations in Japan were determined based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
I (mtCOI) sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the whitefly mtCOI sequence indicated that both the invasive B and Q biotypes
now occur in Japan. The Q biotype was found at four locations: Mihara in Hiroshima, Nishigoshi in Kumamoto, Miyanojo and Okuchi
in Kagoshima prefectures; the remaining eight collections were identified as the B biotype. This is the first report of the
introduction of Q biotype in Japan.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2006. 相似文献
11.
The global invasion of certain Bemisia tabaci biotypes provides opportunities to compare the competency of virus transmission between invasive and indigenous biotypes. Here we report on the acquisition, retention and transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) by the invasive B, Q and indigenous ZHJ2 biotypes of B. tabaci from Zhejiang, China. For all whitefly biotypes, TYLCV DNA was detected within a 30-min acquisition access period (AAP) to infected leaves. The percentage of adults with viral DNA increased with the length of AAP and reached 100% after 10–12 h. Following acquisition, viruliferous B, Q and ZHJ2 adults retained TYLCV DNA for the rest of their lives. Transmission was achieved with one B/Q adult per plant at the frequency of 50–55%, which rose to 100% with 10 insects per plant. In contrast, transmission of the virus was not observed with one ZHJ2 adult per plant in the experiments, and the transmission frequency rose to only 30–45% when whitefly adults increased to 5–10 per plant. These new data will help in the determination of the pest status of the whitefly biotypes as virus vectors in the regions of invasion, and so help in the development of management strategies. 相似文献
12.
山东寿光地区Q型烟粉虱对番茄褪绿病毒的传播 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确山东寿光地区Q型烟粉虱对番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,To CV)感病流行的影响及其传毒特性,于2014年调查了该地区设施番茄上烟粉虱种群动态与To CV发病情况,利用特异引物对烟粉虱体内To CV进行了RT-PCR检测;并在室内测定了带毒Q型烟粉虱取食时间和种群数量对To CV感病株率的影响。结果表明,在番茄发病植株上采集的烟粉虱种群体内可检测到To CV;春茬番茄To CV发病株率随烟粉虱种群数量增加而逐渐升高,4—6月是To CV发生高峰期,6月22日发病株率达100%;秋茬番茄烟粉虱种群数量从10月下旬明显下降,而To CV发病株率升高,11月12日发病株率达100%;室内试验表明,To CV感病株率随着带毒Q型烟粉虱数量与取食时间的增加而明显升高。研究表明,Q型烟粉虱能有效传播To CV,且其种群数量对To CV发病株率存在显著影响,可通过防控烟粉虱以控制To CV的危害。 相似文献
13.
Phylogenetic analysis using ITS1 and CO1 nucleotide sequences has revealed six major races ofBemisia tabaci in the world, including three major indigenous races in the Asia-Pacific region,viz., B. tabaci (Asia),B. tabaci (Bali) andB. tabaci (Australia), but the status of a large collection of genotypes in this region remains unresolved. The ITS1 sequences of representative
whitefly samples collected from around China were determined in this study. These sequences and other homologous sequences
retrieved from GenBank were then used to conduct a phylogenetic analysis. The results demonstrated that the whiteflies collected
in China were split genetically into four groups, where at least five genetic races were revealed,i.e., B biotype (SDLe, XJEp, XJAt, HNNt, BJIb, GDEp, XJGh, GDHrs, XJSm and SHEp), Bali group (ZJGh), M biotype (Hainan1), G biotype
(GXCm) and Asian H/K group (FJIb, GDCv), although the Asian H/K group with low bootstrap score remains unresolved. Of all
genetic races, the B biotype is the most extensively distributed. In the dendogram, the J biotype, L biotype and Q biotype
cluster together and form a sister clade to the B biotype. The data indicate that extensive migration ofB. tabaci has taken place in Asian countries. The populations ZJGh, FJIb, GDCv, GXCm and Hainanl collected in China might have originated
there, but the possibility that they were introduced from elsewhere cannot be excluded at this point. Using PyR from Israel
as a reference Q biotype, the random amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns of SDLe, XJEp, XJAt and HNNt were shown to
be consistent with that of the Q biotype, which indicated that the four local whitefly populations identified as the B biotype
based on ITS1 sequences were closely related to the Q biotype.
http//www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 12, 2006. 相似文献
14.
为有效控制日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病,于2014—2015年通过RT-PCR检测方法研究了济南市日光温室番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)的发生规律、其与Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci种群动态的关系及防虫网对该病毒病的防控效果。结果表明,春季日光温室番茄植株上Q型烟粉虱成虫数量呈增长趋势,5月下旬最高达到0.10头/叶,秋季日光温室番茄植株上Q型烟粉虱成虫数量9月上旬达最高7.42头/叶,后逐渐下降;日光温室Q型烟粉虱带毒率随着定植时间的延长而逐渐上升,之后维持相对稳定状态,即春季为20.00%~24.14%,秋季为30.00%~40.00%。日光温室ToCV发生与Q型烟粉虱成虫数量和带毒率密切相关,春季番茄最高发病率为12.00%;秋季番茄植株最高发病率为93.02%。番茄育苗和生长期用100目防虫网隔离可显著降低番茄植株带毒率。因此,秋季是日光温室ToCV防控关键期,覆盖防虫网阻隔烟粉虱可有效防治ToCV,推荐在日光温室使用。 相似文献
15.
为明确烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci取食感染番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的番茄植株后,其体内的芳香基硫酸酯酶B基因(arylsulfatase B,ARSB)是否能够做出应答反应,基于Q型烟粉虱基因组数据克隆得到ARSB基因cDNA全长,采用生物信息学方法分析其序列特征,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段、不同组织及携带TYLCV前后的表达量变化情况。结果显示:Q型烟粉虱ARSB基因的cDNA全长为1 731 bp,编码576个氨基酸,分子量为64.89 kD,具有ARSB的保守结构域。ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段均有表达,在卵期表达量最高,成虫期表达量最低;该基因在Q型烟粉虱头胸部的表达量显著高于腹部;Q型烟粉虱获取TYLCV 72 h后其体内ARSB基因表达量显著提高。表明ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同龄期、不同组织内存在差异表达,并可能参与Q型烟粉虱对TYLCV的响应和传毒过程。 相似文献
16.
为明确烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci MED隐种优势寄生蜂海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati ZolnerowichRose与浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd对其控制效果的影响,在棉田尼龙纱网笼罩中释放烟粉虱之后,再分别单独释放海氏桨角蚜小蜂、浅黄恩蚜小蜂以及二者以不同比例组合(1∶1、1∶3、3∶1)释放,定期调查统计2种蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的寄生量和烟粉虱的种群动态。结果表明,相对于不放蜂对照,自首次放蜂后40 d开始,所有放蜂处理均能显著降低烟粉虱若虫种群密度,每100 cm~2叶片上均少于1.00头,但各处理间的烟粉虱种群密度无显著差异;海氏桨角蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂以3∶1比例组合释放的处理中对烟粉虱的寄生量最高,每100 cm~2棉花叶片上能达到4.25头。表明在棉田中对烟粉虱进行生物防治时,以初级寄生蜂海氏桨角蚜小蜂与复寄生蜂浅黄恩蚜小蜂为3∶1的比例释放,可以到达较好的控制效果。 相似文献
17.
为明确天津市烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci隐种的类别及其寄主适应性、传毒能力、携带内共生菌情况和抗药性,采用mt COI酶切法对从武清、西青、蓟州和宁河4个区的番茄、黄瓜及辣椒3种寄主上采集的12个烟粉虱种群进行隐种鉴定,采用PCR检测其携带番茄黄化曲叶病毒（tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV）和内共生菌情况,并采用浸叶法测定其对4种常用药剂的抗性。结果表明,采集的烟粉虱种群以MED隐种为主,占所有检测个体的93.33%,有3个种群为MED和MEAM1隐种混合发生。所有检测个体中有36.25%的个体携带TYLCV,在6个种群中检测到TYLCV,其中5个种群有超过50%的个体携带TYLCV。在12个种群中共检测到Hamiltonella、立克次氏体Rickettsia、Cardinium和杀雄菌属Arsenophnus共4种内共生菌,携带个体比例分别为90.63%、48.96%、43.75%和8.33%,进一步对内共生菌协同感染情况进行分析,发现有HARC、HRC、HAC、HR、HC和AC共6个协同感染型,感染率分别为4.17%、28.13%、3.... 相似文献
18.
丽蚜小蜂寄生对Q型烟粉虱生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确丽蚜小蜂寄生对Q型烟粉虱的影响,通过室内饲养观察不同龄期Q型烟粉虱被丽蚜小蜂寄生后的生长发育,并比较了被寄生后烟粉虱若虫的个体大小及死亡率。结果表明,2龄、3龄和4龄烟粉虱若虫被寄生后均能继续发育,2龄若虫蜕皮进入3龄和3龄若虫蜕皮进入4龄的时间与对照间无显著差异,而被寄生若虫的4龄期显著延长。对于同一龄期的烟粉虱若虫,丽蚜小蜂偏向于选择较大的个体寄生,2龄和3龄被寄生若虫发育后期个体比未被寄生个体大,但4龄时被寄生的个体在发育后期略小于未被寄生个体,显示丽蚜小蜂对不同龄期若虫的生长发育影响不同。2龄若虫死亡率为61.64%,显著高于3龄和4龄若虫;4龄若虫褐蛹率最高,为48.84%。表明无论寄生哪一发育阶段的烟粉虱若虫,丽蚜小蜂的寄生均为容性寄生,田间应用丽蚜小蜂防治Q型烟粉虱时在其若虫3~4龄时释放更适宜。 相似文献
19.
Esther Fernández Carolina Grávalos Pedro Javier Haro Dina Cifuentes Pablo Bielza 《Pest management science》2009,65(8):885-891
BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Q‐biotype has readily developed resistance to numerous insecticide classes. Studies in the Mediterranean area are needed to clarify the resistance status and cross‐resistance patterns in this invasive whitefly biotype. The levels of resistance in nymphs of seven strains of B. tabaci Q‐biotype from south‐eastern Spain to representative insecticides were determined. RESULTS: Six populations had low to moderate levels of resistance to azadirachtin (0.2‐ to 7‐fold), buprofezin (11‐ to 59‐fold), imidacloprid (1‐ to 15‐fold), methomyl (3‐ to 55‐fold), pyridaben (0.9‐ to 9‐fold), pyriproxyfen (0.7‐ to 15‐fold) and spiromesifen (1‐ to 7‐fold), when compared with a contemporary Spanish Q‐biotype reference population (LC50 = 2.7, 8.7, 15.2, 19.9, 0.34, 20.9 and 1.1 mg L?1 respectively). A single population collected from a greenhouse subject to intensive insecticide use exhibited generally higher resistance levels to the same array of compounds (31‐, 1164‐, 3‐, 52‐, 9‐, 19‐ and 3‐fold respectively). Pyridaben and spiromesifen were extremely effective against nymphs of all strains, with LC50 values significantly below recommended application rates. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous reports, high rates of efficacy exist for numerous insecticide classes against B. tabaci Q‐biotype populations in these intensive agricultural regions of south‐eastern Spain. This probably reflects the recent and significant reductions in exposure that have resulted from a wider uptake of IPM technologies and strategies. However, the continued presence of resistance genes also suggests that a reversion to levels of high insecticide exposure could result in a rapid selection for resistance. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
20.
《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(2-3):49-54
Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance-associated mutations have been recently reported in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a major pest of protected and outdoor crops worldwide. Here, we developed simple PCR–agarose gel visualization based assays for reliably monitoring the L925I and T929V pyrethroid resistance mutations in the B. tabaci para-type voltage gated sodium channel and the iAChE F331W organophosphate resistance mutation in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme ace1.PCR-RFLP assays were developed for detecting the L925I and the F331W resistance mutations. A highly specific PASA was developed for detecting the T929V mutation. The molecular diagnostic tools were used to monitor the frequency of the resistance mutations in a large number of field caught Q biotype B. tabaci from Crete (Greece), where both organophosphates and pyrethroids are extensively used. The F331W mutation was fixed in all field individuals examined. The pyrethroid resistance mutations were detected in high frequencies: 0.38 and 0.54 for L925I and T929V, respectively. The simple diagnostics are accurate and robust, to be used alongside classical bioassays to prevent ineffective insecticide applications, and for early identification of the spreading of resistant Q biotype populations into new regions around the globe. 相似文献