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1.
采用 SPME/GC-MS法对4个龙眼品种果实香气成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明，4个龙眼品种共检测出44种芳香物质，其中烷类11种，烯类18种，酯类10种，醇类3种，酮类1种，炔类1种，它们构成4种龙眼主要的香气成分。4个龙眼品种在香气组成和含量上有所差异，储良、东良、东丰、石硖中分别含有25种、24种、26种、21 种香气成分。其中，4种龙眼共有的香气成分有7种：分别是十七烷、罗勒烯(顺式)、罗勒烯(反式)、别罗勒烯、1,3,8-对-薄荷三烯、α-石竹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯，但其相对含量都有所差异；此外，各品种也具有自己独特的香气成分，如储良特有的香气成分有9种：包括十六烷、2-甲基-4-亚甲基-5 -(2,2-二甲基环丙基)-1-戊烯、5-环丙基戊酸乙酯、二十酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、香叶基芳樟醇、芳樟醇、2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔；东丰特有的3种：包括1-碘十一烷、反式，反式-法尼基酸甲酯、2-羟基十二烷酸甲酯；石硖特有的4种：包括十一烷、(-)-异丁香烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-乙基环己烯、喇叭茶醇；东良没有特有的香气成分。 相似文献
2.
不同成熟度菠萝果实香气成分分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用菠萝巴厘品种8成熟和9成熟的果实为材料,采用顶空同相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取其中的香气成分,并经气相色谱,质谱(GC/MS)联机分析.结果显示,在8成熟果实中检测到13种香气成分,其中酯类10种,烯类2种,苯类1种;在酯类中,相对含量最高的是己酸甲酯(50.89%),其次是己酸乙酯(16.11%)、2-甲基丁酸甲酯(8.68%)、辛酸甲酯(5.23%)和辛酸乙酯(2.40%);检测到2种烯类成分,分别为(E)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6辛三烯(5.18%)和à-蒎烯(0.65%);还检测到甲苯(0.32%).在9成熟果实中检测到2类共27种香气成分,分别是酯类17种和烯类10种:在酯类中,相对含量最高的是辛酸甲酯(25.27%),其次是辛酸乙酯(21.00%)、己酸乙酯(17.64%)、己酸甲酯(14.34%);在烯类中相对含量较高的有β-顺式-罗勒烯(1.00%)、à-蒎烯(0.81%)和反式-罗勒烯(O.48%).此外,仅在9成熟果实中检测到菠萝特征香气成分3-甲硫基丙酸甲酯,其相对含量为1.36%.说明9成熟菠萝果实香气成分比8成熟的丰富,且此时特征香气成分形成:如果非远距离运输,9成熟是鲜食菠萝的理想采收成熟度. 相似文献
3.
乌龙茶香气成分代谢机制研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
茶叶香气是反映茶叶品质的重要因子。感官 审评和仪器分析都表明，茶的香气除鲜叶中原有的为数不多的成分外主要是在加工过程产生的。茶叶香气成分已知的有四百多种化合物，包括碳氢化合物、醇、醛、酮、酸、酯和内酯、杂环化合物等。迄今为止，在乌龙茶类中检出的香气成分已达种，这些香气物质中以醇类、酮类、酯162类、醛类和碳水化合物为主，分别占香气成分的、、、和。而仅在铁21%14.2%14.2%10.5%13.6%观音中检出的香气成分就达种，其中醇类物质97占香气成分的。这些香气成分一部分来自鲜25.8%叶，一部分是在做青期间酶促反应的结果，一… 相似文献
4.
《热带作物学报》2017,(10)
以科摩罗和斯里兰卡引进依兰(Cananga odorata)为试材,采用HS-SPME-GC/MS技术对香气成分进行测定分析,以揭示不同基因型依兰资源香气成分组成差异,为资源创新利用提供理论依据。结果表明:科摩罗和斯里兰卡依兰香气成分均由烯烃类、醇类、酯类和醛类物质组成,其中科摩罗依兰含有16种香气成分,主要以乙酸香叶酯(14.83%)、苯甲酸苄酯(14.56%)、苯甲酸香叶酯(1.24%)和柳酸苄酯(4.65%)等酯类物质为主,而斯里兰卡依兰亦含有16种化合物,主要以α-法呢烯(45.67%)、β-毕澄茄烯(17.61%)、芳樟醇(2.87%)和3-蒈烯(2.71%)等烯烃类物质为主。因此,不同基因型依兰香气成分组成种类相同,但香气成分物质组成及含量均存在一定差异。 相似文献
5.
选取气相色谱-质谱仪对离心浓缩椰浆样品的挥发性香气物质和脂肪酸的类型、含量进行研究。结果表明，共检测出20种香气成分，分为7大类化合物，包括酯类7种、有机酸3种、酮类3种、醇类4种、醛类1种、醚类1种、芳香族化合物1种。在检出的香气物质中，酯类所占比例最大，达60.50%，其次为酸类，所占比例为15.52%，酮类所占比例为12.78%。共鉴别出脂肪酸组分8种，其中饱和脂肪酸5种，约占总含量的72.31%，分别是葵酸(8.40%)、月桂酸(54.60%)、肉豆蔻酸(18.99%)、棕榈酸(8.68%)和硬脂 相似文献
6.
采用顶空固相微萃取——气质联用技术对余甘子叶片的挥发性成分进行分析测定.结果表明,余甘子叶片中检测出73种香气成分,占总峰面积的97.51%.主要成分为醇类、酮类、烃类、酯类、醛类和其他化合物.醇类在余甘子叶片中含量最高,其中最主要的物质是苯甲醇(15.48%),其次是叶绿醇(3.71%)、1-十八烷醇(3.58%)和麦角甾醇(3.43%).酸类物质中以硬脂酸为主,占3.9%,β-紫罗兰酮和巨豆三烯酮亦是余甘子叶片香气成分的重要组成部分,分别占6.84%和4.69%;此外,还含有咖伦宾(3.97%)和秋水仙碱(3.78%)等物质. 相似文献
7.
采用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,分析了茶树新品系21-1(湘红3号)工夫红茶的香气组成及特异性香气成分。结果表明:2个样品共检测出57种香气物质,主要包括醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类和其他酸、烯和烷烃类等,其中醇类和酯类占主导,其次是醛类和酮类。水杨酸甲酯、香叶醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物等10种香气物质含量占香气总量的80%以上,共同构成了21-1工夫红茶的主导香气成分。其中,水杨酸甲酯含量最高,是21-1工夫红茶的特征性和指示性香气成分,表现出与印度、斯里兰卡红茶相似的冬青叶香气特征。 相似文献
8.
雷雨段继华黄飞毅陈宇宏康彦凯罗意丁玎董丽娟李赛君 《茶叶通讯》2019,(1):10-16
采用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,分析了茶树新品系21-1(湘红3号)工夫红茶的香气组成及特异性香气成分。结果表明:2个样品共检测出57种香气物质,主要包括醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类和其他酸、烯和烷烃类等,其中醇类和酯类占主导,其次是醛类和酮类。水杨酸甲酯、香叶醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物等10种香气物质含量占香气总量的80%以上,共同构成了21-1工夫红茶的主导香气成分。其中,水杨酸甲酯含量最高,是21-1工夫红茶的特征性和指示性香气成分,表现出与印度、斯里兰卡红茶相似的冬青叶香气特征。 相似文献
9.
极香罗勒的花、叶和茎挥发性成分比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究极香罗勒花、叶和茎在挥发性物质组成上的差异,利用顶空固相微萃取技术(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分离、鉴定极香罗勒花、叶和茎的挥发性成分,并用峰面积进行归一化定量.结果从极香罗勒的花、叶和茎中分别鉴定出27、27和33种挥发性物质,其含量分别为总挥发性物质的96.09％,94.92％和93.14％.在极香罗勒花、叶和茎中共有成分为5种:茴香脑、桉树脑、D-樟脑、沉香醇和对甲氧基苯甲醛,其中茴香脑为最主要的挥发性成分.为进一步探讨罗勒中挥发性物质生物合成的组织特异性及其机理奠定基础. 相似文献
10.
广东英德红茶代表产品的香气成分鉴定研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探索英德红茶有别于其他红茶香气的物质基础和主要的芳香成分,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术,以云南滇红、印度阿萨姆红茶和斯里兰卡乌瓦红茶为对照,对产自广东省的英红9号、英红1号红茶和群体红茶3个代表性产品的主要香气组分进行了比较分析。结果表明：从广东英德红茶样品中共鉴定出50多种香气化合物,主要包含醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类、烯类和烷烃类等,其中相对含量最高的香气组分是醇类物质,平均含量占总香气的67.03%;其次是酯类和醛类,平均含量分别是12.85%和11.33%;香气化合物中芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、氧化芳樟醇、橙花醇和壬醛的相对含量占香气物质总量的60%以上,呈现花果香、甜香等风味的芳香化合物是广东英德红茶香气的主要特征成分。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献