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发动机是汽车的心脏,而气缸又可以说是发动机的心脏,因此我们有必要对气缸的磨损规律及其原因进行探讨. 一、气缸磨损的规律 气缸在使用中,它的磨损程度(指活塞环运动的区域内)是不均匀的:沿气缸的长度方向看(纵断面),磨损是上大下小,失去原来的圆柱形状;从气缸的平面看(横断面),沿圆周的方向磨损后会失去原来的正圆形状.气缸上口活塞环接触不到的地方,几乎没有磨损,于是形成了"台阶"(或称缸阶、缸肩). 相似文献
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1981年8月的一天,朱丹在浙江东阳的一个小镇上呱呱坠地。她清脆的啼哭声,给这个平凡的家庭带来许多欢笑,谁也没有预料到此后的生活将赐予她怎样的艰辛。家庭变故,生活的转折,缘于爸爸得了肺结核。5岁那年,她握住爸爸已然冰凉的手,如此近距离地触摸到死亡。此后,妈妈改嫁,重组家庭。于是童年时代的她便从大人们劳碌奔波的脸上, 相似文献
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晓梦是一年前大学毕业到这家公司实习的。刚进来的时候,主管跟她谈话说,与她一起进来的还有三个女孩,在实习期内,只有表现突出者才能留下。主管的话让晓梦有些沮丧,但她是一个不甘服输的女孩,作为一个名校高才生,她对自己的最终胜出有足够的自信。晓梦所在的这家公司是她所在的这座城市的一家知名企业,作为一个不拿工资的实习人员,她们几个人的工作挺清闲,平常的时候也就是打扫一下卫生,做些复印、打字、整理材料、接接电话的工作。但晓梦是个聪明的姑娘,作 相似文献
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Ruth Meinzen-Dick 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1995,9(4):371-387
Despite considerable discussion of the importance of timeliness as a key dimension of irrigation performance, few studies have assessed how well irrigation systems deliver timely water supplies, nor the magnitude of the effect on agricultural production. This paper lays out indicators of timeliness of irrigation supply which distinguish between deliveries which meet crop needs, and surplus water supplies which cannot be used by crops. These indicators are then applied to empirical data from the Sone Irrigation System of Bihar, India. Using these indicators in an analysis of the contribution of irrigation to rice production shows that incorporating measures of timeliness explains much more of the variability in agricultural production than do simple measures of total water applications over a season. Results of production functions show that if water deliveries cannot be matched with crop requirements, they have a negative, rather than a positive, impact on yields. Water scarcity has the greatest adverse impact in production in the middle of the season, while surpluses are most damaging at the beginning and end of the season. Temporal redistribution from surplus periods to times of water scarcity therefore offers considerable scope to increase productivity without increasing water use.An earlier version of portions of this paper was presented at the IFPRI/ICAR Workshop on Agricultural Growth in India: A Review of Research Findings, 1–6 May 1994 in New Delhi. 相似文献
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农药残留的酶联免疫分析技术及研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
免疫分析方法,尤其是酶联免疫吸附分析法,灵敏度高,特异性强,操作简便快捷,在现场筛选和大量样本的快速检测中显示了其独特的优势。为此,介绍了农药残留酶联免疫分析技术的原理、方法建立中半抗原的制备、人工抗原的合成、抗体的制备等核心技术和酶联免疫分析技术在农药残留快速监测中的应用进展,并讨论了对农药残留的酶联免疫分析技术存在的问题和应用前景。 相似文献
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以带分流叶片的水泵水轮机为研究对象,基于CFD与FSI方法分析其泵工况下转子的振动特性,对3种开度即小开度9.8°、最优开度17.5°和大开度24.8°下的流场进行数值模拟,将额定工况下的流场结果导入转子结构实现单向流固耦合,对带预应力的转子模型进行形变与等效应力分析.此外,还计算了转轮的干湿模态,对比分析了不同条件下转轮的振动特性.结果表明:不同开度对应的预应力下转轮形变与等效应力分布规律相似,转轮形变主要发生在上冠低压侧.按ND(节径数)在转轮圆周方向划分振动扇区描述振型规律时发现,各扇区内转轮上冠、下环低压侧的振幅较大.湿模态下水介质对转轮振型影响不大,但会明显降低转轮的振幅.预应力对转轮固有频率影响较小,可忽略不计,但在湿模态下,转轮固有频率会显著下降,这表明分析结构振动特性时应充分考虑水介质作用. 相似文献
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The hydraulic performance of canals designed to deliver water by proportional allocation is highly dependent on the accuracy of construction of water division structures. If construction is inaccurate then inequity of water delivery is built into the system from the onset. A survey of hydraulic performance of Kalpnai distributary in NWFP Pakistan immediately after construction showed that the canal could only deliver 90% of designed discharge due to deficiencies in construction of two siphons, and that the tail end of the canal only received 70% of designed discharge. When operated at 70% of design discharge tail end reaches received 50% of designed discharge. Measurements of outlet structures showed that 57% of structures were built as intended and had not been damaged. All orifice outlets delivered more than 115% of design discharge and on average delivered 40% more than intended. Only 20% of open flumes were within 10% of design width, while 58% were more than 30% wider. As a result of these construction defects many watercourses were able to obtain much higher discharges than intended. The lack of control gates means there is no managerial remedy to redress the existing inequity. The only solution is to reconstruct a high proportion of outlet structures. Potential causes of poor construction are many, including lack of involvement of the agency responsible for subsequent operation, lack of dialogue with water users, and lack of accountability built into the project framework. 相似文献
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为了进一步促进醋糟基质作为育苗基质的应用,针对醋糟基质颗粒粗、通气孔隙大等缺陷,该文采用半湿法粉碎,研究醋糟基质粉碎程度对辣椒幼苗生长、叶片光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,随粉碎程度的提高,醋糟基质的干体积质量、饱和状态体积质量、持水孔隙度和水气比逐渐增大,而总孔隙度和通气孔隙度逐渐减小。醋糟基质含水率在30%～35%时,采用半湿法粉碎,通过直径为6 mm筛网粉碎1次（处理T2）能显著促进辣椒幼苗的生长,提高光合色素的含量、净光合速率（Pn）和光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）。说明醋糟基质含水率在30%～35%时,采用半湿粉碎,通过直径为6 mm筛网粉碎1次,较适合辣椒幼苗生长。 相似文献
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通过在尾水管的通道内设有前后两端开口的整流筒,利用CFD技术对典型工况进行了对比模拟研究,探究了加装整流筒前后对尾水管内部流态的影响.研究结果表明,在典型工况下,尾水管出口断面的压力分布相对比较均匀,整流筒直径为1.05D1时,压力升高最明显.计算了在不同条件下尾水管整流筒进口断面位置中心到壁面静压分布、整体轴中心截面压力分布以及监测了尾水管整流筒在进口处断面壁面上记录点的压力脉动随时间的变化情况.研究显示:整流筒直径为1.05D1时对改善尾水管内部压力场分布和抑制空化带来的影响起到了积极作用,安装整流筒的尾水管中轴面压力梯度减小,在尾水管的进口截面旋涡分散且数量减少,同时减小了中轴心与尾水管壁面的压差,尾水管的流场稳定性增加. 相似文献
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国内外设施蔬菜机械化发展现状分析及对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着我国设施蔬菜产业的不断发展以及人们对设施蔬菜的需求日益增加,实现机械化、智能化作业生产成为了设施蔬菜产业现代化进程中的必要环节。虽然我国设施蔬菜面积、产量以及产值不断扩大,但与欧美等设施农业发达国家仍有很大的差距。为提高设施我国设施产业机械化水平,研制可靠的机械作业装备,综述分析美国、日本、荷兰等国家现代化设施蔬菜作业机械的研究现状和发展动态,总结归纳我国设施蔬菜作业机械的类型以及优缺点,指出我国设施蔬菜生产过程中存在机械化、自动化程度不高、机具适应性差、农业机器人应用相对落后等问题。结合我国国情提出要加强研发智能化、信息化设施农业装备,推进新材料及农业机器人新技术的应用等提升设施蔬菜机械化水平的对策,为我国设施蔬菜机械化的发展指明方向和提供参考。 相似文献
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刘盛华 《农业机械化与电气化》2009,(3):164-165
农村信息化发展对于辽宁现代农业发展和新农村建设具有十分重要的意义。系统分析了近年来辽宁农村信息化发展的现状及取得的主要成效,并结合今后一个时期内辽宁农村信息化发展工作计划,提出具有一定针对性的措施与建议。 相似文献
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进行了弯曲荷载作用下的水工钢筋混凝土梁的碳化加速腐蚀试验,在分析纯弯段混凝土碳化深度规律的基础上,研究了弯曲荷载对混凝土梁碳化耐久性寿命的影响.研究的结论表明,荷载作用将加速受拉区混凝土的碳化,并缩短梁的耐久性寿命. 相似文献