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1.
OBJECTIVE: To compare incidence of diabetes mellitus in cats that had undergone renal transplantation with incidence in cats with chronic renal failure, compare mortality rates in cats that underwent renal transplantation and did or did not develop diabetes mellitus, and identify potential risk factors for development of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 187 cats that underwent renal transplantation. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: 26 of the 187 (13.9%) cats developed PTDM, with the incidence of PTDM being 66 cases/1,000 cat years at risk. By contrast, the incidence of diabetes mellitus among a comparison population of 178 cats with chronic renal failure that did not undergo renal transplantation was 17.9 cases/1,000 cat years at risk, and cats that underwent renal trans-plantation were 5.45 times as likely to develop diabetes mellitus as were control cats with chronic renal failure. The mortality rate among cats with PTDM was 2.38 times the rate among cats that underwent renal transplantation but did not develop PTDM. Age, sex, body weight, and percentage change in body weight were not found to be significantly associated with development of PTDM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that cats that undergo renal transplantation have an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, compared with cats with chronic renal failure, and that mortality rate is higher for cats that develop PTDM than for cats that do not.  相似文献   

2.
Seventy-seven feline transplant kidney specimens, obtained from 1 to 3,183 days (9 years) after transplantation, were reevaluated histologically and classified on the basis of the Banff '97 guidelines for human renal transplant kidneys. Overall, this classification system appeared useful in detecting rejection reactions and confirmed the finding in humans that biopsies can diagnose subclinical rejection and therefore are an important diagnostic tool for the follow up of renal transplants. However, on the basis of serum creatinine values, the severity of the acute or active and chronic lesions was not accurately reflected by this scoring system. This is thought to be due to the significant differences in histologic rejection patterns, especially in acute or active rejection, in cats when compared with humans. Tubulitis, lymphocytic glomerulitis, and vasculitis, which are the main pillars of the Banff '97 acute or active rejection scoring system, are either rare or not found in cats. The presence of significant necrotizing glomerulitis and vasculitis in feline renal transplants might imply that the rejection is complicated by acute antibody-mediated rejection. Alternatively, cyclosporine toxicity also should be considered because some of these kidneys show other signs of cyclosporine toxicity. Finally, the significance of subcapsular and interlobular phlebitis, rarely described in human rejection reactions but a distinct entity in cats, is unknown. From this study, it is clear that there are significant differences in the histology of acute or active rejection between humans and cats and that a better understanding of the histologic appearance of renal allografts will be especially beneficial for treatment and prognostic purposes.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic patterns of the erythropoietic response after renal transplantation in cats with chronic renal failure (CRF). ANIMALS: 14 cats with CRF undergoing renal transplantation. PROCEDURE: Before and at intervals during a 6-month period after transplantation, serum creatinine and erythropoietin concentrations, Hct, erythrocyte indices, aggregate reticulocyte percentage, and iron variables were measured. Additionally, the number of transfusions administered to and any complications that developed in each cat were recorded. RESULTS: In all cats, preoperative azotemia resolved within 6 days after renal transplantation. Two cats had a temporary increase in serum creatinine concentration secondary to an acute graft rejection episode. Anemia (defined as Hct < 28%) resolved in 10 cats 3 to 49 days after surgery. Resolution of anemia was delayed in 2 cats that had acute rejection episodes. Serum erythropoietin concentration and reticulocyte percentage were low preoperatively; values after surgery were highly variable. Compared with preoperative values, serum erythropoietin concentration increased 1 to 4 days after surgery in 11 cats; between days 5 and 58, another increase was detected in 9 cats. Serum iron concentrations were generally low before and 14 days after transplantation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The erythropoietic response was highly variable in cats after renal transplantation, but anemia typically resolved within 1 month after surgery. A delay in resolution of anemia in cats may indicate poor graft function and inadequate iron stores, suggesting the need for further evaluation for concurrent illness.  相似文献   

4.
Objective: The purposes of this study were to characterize the hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), also known as nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetes, in cats; to determine the prevalence of HHS in the diabetic cat population in the emergency room; to document the outcome in cats with HHS; and to identify any predisposing factors or predictors of survival. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: An emergency service at a veterinary teaching hospital located in a major metropolitan area. Animals: The case records of 17 cats with hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome presenting from 1995 to 2001 were evaluated. An additional 37 cats with diabetic ketoacidosis and 80 cats with diabetes mellitus served as comparison groups. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: Signalment, history, physical examination findings, clinico‐pathologic data, concurrent disease, and outcome were recorded. Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome was seen in older cats that were often long‐standing diabetics receiving insulin for many months. Client concerns included polydipsia, polyuria, and lethargy. Neurologic and respiratory signs occurred frequently. Evaluation at presentation revealed profound dehydration, lactic acidosis, and azotemia. Serious concurrent diseases that likely contributed to the development of the HHS crisis were diagnosed in 88% (15/17) of the HHS cats. The most common concurrent diseases were renal failure, respiratory compromise, infection, congestive heart failure, neoplasia, and gastrointestinal tract disease. Pancreatitis and hepatic disease did not occur frequently in this diabetic cat population. Sixty‐five percent of HHS cats did not survive the initial hospitalization, with most dying or being euthanized within 10 hours of presentation. The long‐term survival rate was low (12%). Conclusions: HHS is a serious life‐threatening form of diabetic crisis and cats with HHS often have other severe systemic diseases. Cats with diabetes and concurrent disease, especially renal failure and congestive heart failure, are at increased risk of HHS and should be closely monitored for signs of crisis. The mortality rate for HHS cats is high.  相似文献   

5.
Objective— To report survival, complications, and analyze risk factors for survival after renal transplantation (RTr) and cyclosporine‐A based immunosuppression in cats. Study Design— Historical cohort. Animals— Cats (n=60). Methods— Data were obtained from medical records of cats that had RTr. Influence of various perioperative factors on survival and complications was evaluated. Occurrence of postoperative hypertension (HT), seizures, infection, acute allograft rejection (AR), congestive heart failure (CHF), and delayed graft function (DGF) was evaluated. Results— Survival to discharge after RTr was 77.5%. Estimated median overall survival time was 613 days; 6 month and 3 year overall survival proportions were 65% and 40%, respectively. Age, weight, and blood pressure influenced overall survival. Increased preoperative creatinine concentration, blood urea nitrogen, postoperative creatinine concentration, left ventricular wall thickness, and reduced creatinine reduction ratio influenced survival until discharge. HT was identified in 9/30 (30%) cats; however, no risk factors were identified, nor was HT related to seizures. AR was identified in 8/62 (13%) grafts. Infection, predominantly bacterial, developed in 22/60 (37%) cats. CHF occurred in 7/60 (12%) cats before discharge. Cats experiencing CHF were younger, had an increased incidence of heart murmurs, and poor initial graft function. DGF was identified in 5 cats and seizures in 2 cats. Conclusions— RTr affords cats with CRF long survival times. Older cats and cats with severe azotemia, HT, and cardiovascular disease may have increased mortality after RTr. Complications after RTr were common. Clinical Relevance— Clinicians should be aware of these risk factors when recommending feline RTr.  相似文献   

6.
Thirty-five animals (23 dogs, 12 cats) with fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs) were retrospectively studied. Dysuria, hematuria, increased frequency of micturition, anorexia, depression, and pyrexia were the most common clinical signs noted. Seven species of fungi were identified in the affected animals. Candida albicans was the most common isolate. Most animals diagnosed with fungal UTI also had other concurrent urinary tract or medical problems. Lower urinary tract diseases, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia, and renal failure were the most common concurrent or preceding diseases identified. Resolution of fungal UTI occurred in 12 animals that received specific antifungal treatment.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of ketoconazole (KC) on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A (CsA) elimination in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Research study and prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: Five healthy adult cats (pharmacokinetic studies) and 6 client-owned cats with chronic renal failure. METHODS: Blood CsA concentrations were measured after CsA (4 mg/kg i.v.) administration with or without concurrent oral KC (10 mg/kg). Subsequently, a combined CsA-KC immunosuppressive regimen was used in cats after kidney transplantation. Blood CsA concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. CsA elimination was analyzed using a computerized pharmacokinetics program. RESULTS: KC increased blood CsA concentrations 1.8-fold and 2.2-fold at 12 and 24 hours after CsA administration. KC significantly decreased the mean systemic CsA clearance from 2.73 mL/min/kg to 1.22 mL/min/kg resulting in an increase in the terminal phase half-life from 10.7 to 22.2 hours. The volume of distribution of steady-state of CsA was unaffected by KC. In a series of clinical feline kidney transplant patients, a once-a-day CsA-KC regimen was able to be used in most of the cats and was effective for prevention of allograft rejection in all of these cats. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: KC is an effective adjunct treatment for immunosuppression in feline kidney transplant patients. KC suppresses CsA elimination, which reduces the need for CsA and allows once daily administration of CsA.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical history of 3 cats with possible hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after renal transplantation. STUDY DESIGN: This case series documents historical findings, physical examination findings, clinical pathologic features, necropsy and histopathologic findings of 3 cats with possible HUS. RESULTS: Two cats had chronic renal failure; 1 cat had acute renal failure secondary to ethylene glycol toxicity. A renal transplant was performed in each of the 3 cats without obvious problems. Complications that would support a diagnosis of HUS, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia occurred within 24 hours in 1 cat, within 8 days in a second cat, and 2 months after transplantation in the third cat. In 2 cats, HUS was likely secondary to cyclosporine immunosuppression. In the third cat, HUS may have been secondary to allograft rejection. Renal biopsies from all 3 cats were suggestive of HUS. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In human beings, HUS in transplant recipients may occur secondary to immunosuppressive drugs, vascular rejection, or recurrence of original disease. Graft loss occurred in all 3 cats in this study and the mortality rate was 100%. Clinicians caring for these patients need to be aware of this disorder because early recognition and treatment is critical in the management of post-transplant HUS.  相似文献   

9.
Infection by Toxoplasma gondii is very common in cats although most remain disease free. The factors that trigger development of uveitis in some cats infected with T gondii have not been elucidated, but infection by more than one organism may be contributory. In this study, cats chronically infected with T gondii were inoculated with Bartonella henselae followed by FHV-1 to test the hypothesis that immune stimulation by multiple infections will reactivate ocular toxoplasmosis. Anterior uveitis and chorioretinitis were not detected in the cats with chronic T gondii infection thus allowing rejection of the hypothesis using this experimental design.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To describe pharmacokinetics of multi-dose oral administration of tacrolimus in healthy cats and evaluate the efficacy of tacrolimus in the prevention of allograft rejection in cats with renal transplants. ANIMALS: 6 healthy research cats. PROCEDURE: Cats received tacrolimus (0.375 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 14 days. Blood tacrolimus concentrations were measured by a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. Each cat received an immunogenically mismatched renal allograft and native kidney nephrectomy. Tacrolimus dosage was modified to maintain a target blood concentration of 5 to 10 ng/mL. Cats were euthanatized if plasma creatinine concentration exceeded 7 mg/dL, body weight loss exceeded 20%, or on day 50 after surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted for 6 cats treated with tacrolimus and for 8 cats with renal transplants that did not receive immunosuppressive treatment. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) values of elimination half-life, time to maximum concentration, maximum blood concentration, and area under the concentration versus time curve from the last dose of tacrolimus to 12 hours later were 20.5 +/- 9.8 hours, 0.77 +/- 0.37 hours, 27.5 +/- 31.8 ng/mL, and 161 +/- 168 hours x ng/mL, respectively. Tacrolimus treated cats survived longer (median, 44 days; range, 24 to 52 days) than untreated cats (median, 23 days; range, 8 to 34 days). On histologic evaluation, 3 cats had evidence of acute-active rejection, 1 cat had necrotizing vasculitis, and 2 cats euthanatized at study termination had normal appearing allografts. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tacrolimus may be an effective immunosuppressive agent for renal transplantation in cats.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVES: To study the prognosis and cause of death in cats with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Twenty consecutive cases of feline diabetes mellitus diagnosed in first-opinion practice were followed. Three control cats, without diabetes, were matched to each case of diabetes; these were also followed. RESULTS: One Somali cat with diabetes could not be matched, so complete data analysis considered only 19 diabetics and 57 matched controls. Death occurred in 14 of 20 diabetics and 23 of 57 controls although one control cat was eventually lost to follow-up. Heart disease and heart failure led to death in six diabetic cats. One of these was the non-matched Somali; nevertheless, the death rate from heart disease in the diabetics was five of 19 compared with two of 57 in controls. The relative risk of heart failure in diabetic cats was 10.4 times that of the controls; this difference in rates was statistically significant. Survival amongst diabetics was significantly worse than for controls. For the control cats median survival was 718 days after the index visit, whereas for the diabetic cases median survival was 385 days after diagnosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Heart disease and failure are common in diabetic cats. This observation deserves further attention.  相似文献   

12.
Four cats developed fibrosis within the retroperitoneal space following renal transplantation. In human transplant patients, retroperitoneal fibrosis is an uncommon complication following surgery and may be secondary to operative trauma, infection, deposition of foreign material in the operative field, urinary extravasation, and perirenal hemorrhage caused by trauma to the allograft. Possible causes of fibrosis in the cats of this report include abdominal inflammation associated with allograft rejection, pyelonephritis, and septic peritoneal effusion. All of the cats of this report were readmitted to the veterinary teaching hospital following renal transplantation because of recurrence of azotemia 1 to 5 months after transplantation. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a 2- to 4-mm-thick capsule surrounding the allograft in 2 of 4 cats, hydronephrosis in 4 cats, and hydroureter proximally in 2 cats. An exploratory laparotomy was performed in all cats to remove the fibrotic tissue causing the ureteral obstruction. Normal renal function was restored in all cats following surgery. Histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens revealed smooth muscle (3 cats) and fibrous connective tissue (4). All 4 cats, regardless of the cause, responded well to surgical resection of the scar tissue that was causing a ureteral obstruction. None of the cats had recurrence of obstruction following surgery.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical and clinicopathologic findings, response to treatment, and causes of systemic hypertension in cats with hypertensive retinopathy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 69 cats with hypertensive retinopathy. PROCEDURE: Medical records from cats with systemic hypertension and hypertensive retinopathy were reviewed. RESULTS: Most cats (68.1%) were referred because of vision loss; retinal detachment, hemorrhage, edema, and degeneration were common findings. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 37 cats, and neurologic signs were detected in 20 cats. Hypertension was diagnosed concurrently with chronic renal failure (n = 22), hyperthyroidism (5), diabetes mellitus (2), and hyperaldosteronism (1). A clearly identifiable cause for hypertension was not detected in 38 cats; 26 of these cats had mild azotemia, and 12 did not have renal abnormalities. Amlodipine decreased blood pressure in 31 of 32 cats and improved ocular signs in 18 of 26 cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Retinal lesions, caused predominantly by choroidal injury, are common in cats with hypertension. Primary hypertension in cats may be more common than currently recognized. Hypertension should be considered in older cats with acute onset of blindness; retinal edema, hemorrhage, or detachment; cardiac disease; or neurologic abnormalities. Cats with hypertension-induced ocular disease should be evaluated for renal failure, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac abnormalities. Blood pressure measurements and funduscopic evaluations should be performed routinely in cats at risk for hypertension (preexisting renal disease, hyperthyroidism, and age > 10 years). Amlodipine is an effective antihypertensive agent in cats.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of malignant neoplasia in a group of feline renal-transplant recipients (FRTR). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Ninety-five consecutive client-owned FRTR treated at the University of California, Davis, between 1987 and 1997. METHODS: Medical records of the 95 cats were examined. The time to occurrence and type of malignant neoplasia, if present, was determined. RESULTS: Nine of 95 cats (9.5%) developed apparently de novo malignant neoplasia after receiving renal allografts. The predominant type of neoplasm was lymphoma. The median time to diagnosis of neoplasia in these 9 patients was 9.0 months after transplantation, whereas the median survival time was 14.0 months after transplantation. This compares with a median survival time of 22 months after transplantation for cats that died for reasons other than development of malignant neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Although these transplant recipients were not compared with a control population, it would appear that, as in humans, malignant neoplasia is encountered with greater-than-expected frequency after renal transplantation and immunosuppression in cats. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The apparent propensity to develop malignant neoplasia after renal transplantation and immunosuppression in cats is a fatal complication of which owners and clinicians should be aware.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical signs and histopathologic features of renal allograft rejection in cats, and to provide a historical, untreated control group for use in future studies of feline renal allograft rejection. ANIMALS: Fourteen adult research cats. METHODS: Renal transplantation and bilateral nephrectomy were performed in pairs of immunogenically mismatched cats. A physical examination was performed, and packed cell volume, total protein, and plasma creatinine concentrations were measured each day after surgery. The cats were euthanatized when plasma creatinine concentration exceeded 7 mg/dL or when weight loss exceeded 20%. Renal histopathology was scored according to the Banff 97 criteria by 3 pathologists. RESULTS: Nine cats completed the study. Plasma creatinine exceeded 7 mg/dL in 5 cats, weight loss exceeded 20% in 3 cats, and 1 cat was found dead. Clinical signs in cats with rejection were nonspecific or absent. Rectal temperature decreased by 0.8 +/- 0.5 degrees C in the 24 hours before euthanasia. The pathologists agreed on the allograft histopathologic category in 6 of 9 cats. The histologic consensus was acute/active rejection in 8 cats and normal in 1 cat. Median survival time of the 8 cats with histologically confirmed allograft rejection was 23 days (range, 8-34 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Renal allograft rejection is associated with minimal clinical signs. Therefore, plasma creatinine concentration should be measured routinely in patients with a functioning allograft. An increase in plasma creatinine concentration is highly suspicious for allograft rejection, although a biopsy of the renal allograft is needed for definitive diagnosis.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of microsurgical transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for the treatment of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Seven cats with PDH. METHODS: Urinary cortisol/creatinine ratios, pituitary-adrenocortical function tests, and computed tomography (CT) were performed on 7 cats that presented with a provisional diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. All cats underwent microsurgical transsphenoidal hypophysectomy with histologic examination of the excised specimen. Follow-up consisted of clinical evaluation, repeat adrenocortical function testing, and CT. RESULTS: Four cats had concurrent diabetes mellitus. In all cats, the urinary cortisol/creatinine (C/C) ratios were elevated. The dexamethasone screening test showed that 2 cats did not meet the criterion for hyperadrenocorticism. The response of the cats' plasma concentrations of cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone to a high dose of dexamethasone varied from very sensitive to completely dexamethasone resistant. Basal plasma alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentrations were elevated in 2 cats with a pars intermedia adenoma and in 3 cats with an adenoma that originated from the anterior lobe. Preoperative CT enabled accurate assessment of pituitary size (5 nonenlarged pituitaries with a height <4 mm and 2 enlarged pituitaries with a height >5 mm) and localization relative to intraoperative anatomic landmarks. Two cats died within 4 weeks after surgery of a nonrelated disease. In the remaining 5 cats, the hyperadrenocorticism went into both clinical and biochemical remission. Hyperadrenocorticism recurred in 1 cat after 19 months, but no other therapy was given and the cat died at home 28 months after surgery. CT evaluation of this cat had identified pituitary remnants 6 weeks after surgery. The main postoperative complications were oronasal fistula (1 cat), complete dehiscence of the soft palate (1 cat), and transient reduction of tear production (1 cat). One cat died at 6 months (undefined anemia), and another cat at 8 months (recurrent nose and middle ear infection secondary to soft palate dehiscence) after surgery. In the surviving 2 cats, the remission periods at the time of writing were 46 and 15 months. In the 2 cats with sufficient follow-up time, the concurrent diabetes mellitus disappeared, ie, insulin treatment could be discontinued at 4 weeks and 5 months after hypophysectomy. In all 7 cats, the histologic diagnosis was pituitary adenoma. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is an effective method of treatment for feline PDH in specialized veterinary institutions having access to advanced pituitary imaging techniques. Concurrent diabetes mellitus is usually reversible after hypophysectomy. Thorough presurgical screening for coexisting diseases is imperative. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PDH in cats can be effectively treated by hypophysectomy. The neurosurgeon performing hypophysectomy must master a learning curve and must be familiar with the most frequent complications of the operation to treat them immediately and effectively. Urinary C/C ratios are sensitive indicators for the assessment of remission and recurrence of hyperadrenocorticism.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a combination of MNA 715 and microemulsifed cyclosporine for the prevention of renal allograft rejection in mismatched mongrel dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, experimental study. ANIMALS: Fourteen female mismatched mongrel dogs. METHODS: Heterotopic renal transplantation and bilateral nephrectomy were performed in each dog. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either MNA 715 and cyclosporine (n = 8) or cyclosporine alone (n = 6). Dogs were killed at 100 days after transplantation or when plasma creatinine exceeded 7 mg/dL. RESULTS: In the cyclosporine and MNA 715 group: 4 dogs survived to 100 days with normal plasma creatinine concentrations; 2 dogs with intestinal intussusceptions were killed at 5 and 8 days, 1 dog with a wound infection and sepsis was killed at 14 days, and 1 dog with a serum creatinine concentration >7 mg/dL was killed at 51 days postoperatively. In the cyclosporine-alone group: 3 dogs with acute rejection were killed at 6 to 9 days and 3 dogs survived to 100 days. In dogs treated with cyclosporine and MNA 715, survival to histologically confirmed acute rejection was significantly longer (P =.044) and the degree of mononuclear cell infiltration was significantly reduced (P =.040), compared with dogs treated with cyclosporine alone. CONCLUSIONS: MNA 715 combined with cyclosporine prolonged allograft survival and reduced the severity of histologic rejection in a clinically relevant renal transplant model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An immunosuppressive regimen consisting of MNA715 and microemulsified cyclosporine may be effective in preventing allograft rejection in canine renal transplant patients.  相似文献   

18.
Feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) often contain felis domesticus papillomavirus type 2 (FdPV‐2) DNA. While this may suggest FdPV‐2 causes feline SCC development, the proportion of cats that are asymptomatically infected by this PV is unknown. Infection by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is associated with high rates of cutaneous SCC development, possibly due to increased PV infection. This study examines the frequency of cutaneous asymptomatic FdPV‐2 infections in cats and compares the rate of FdPV‐2 infection in 22 FIV‐positive cats with that in 22 FIV‐negative cats. FdPV‐2 sequences were detected in 39% of skin swabs. One or both swabs contained FdPV‐2 DNA from 52% of the cats. FIV status, age or sex of the cat did not significantly influence FdPV‐2 infection. Cats that shared a household with a PV‐infected cat could remain uninfected suggesting infection depends more on host factors than exposure to the PV. These results indicate that asymptomatic FdPV‐2 infections are common in cats, but do not provide evidence that FdPV‐2 causes feline SCC development.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
Medical records of 10 cats with transient clinical diabetes mellitus were reviewed. At the time diabetes was diagnosed, clinical signs included polyuria and polydipsia (10 cats), weight loss (8 cats), polyphagia (3 cats), lethargy (2 cats), and inappetence (1 cat). Mean (+/- SD) fasting blood glucose concentration was 454 +/- 121 mg/dL, mean blood glucose concentration during an 8-hour period (MBG/8 hours) was 378 +/- 72 mg/dL, and glycosuria and trace ketonuria were identified in 10 and 5 cats, respectively. Baseline serum insulin concentration was undetectable (6 cats) or within the reference range (4 cats) and serum insulin concentration did not increase after i.v. glucagon administration in any cat. Insulin-antagonistic drugs were being administered to 5 cats and concurrent disorders were identified in all cats. Management of diabetes included administration of glipizide (6 cats), insulin (3 cats), or both (1 cat), discontinuation of insulin-antagonistic drugs, and treatment of concurrent disorders. Insulin and glipizide treatment was discontinued 4-16 weeks (mean, 7 weeks) after the initial diagnosis of diabetes was confirmed. At the time treatment for diabetes was discontinued, clinical signs had resolved, mean fasting blood glucose concentration was 102 +/- 48 mg/dL, MBG/ 8 hours was 96 +/- 32 mg/dL, glycosuria and ketonuria were not identified in any cat, and concurrent disorders (except mild renal insufficiency in 1 cat) had resolved. Significant (P < .05) increases occurred in postglucagon serum insulin concentrations, insulin peak response, and total insulin secretion, compared with values obtained when clinical diabetes was diagnosed. Histologic abnormalities were identified in pancreatic islets of 5 cats in which pancreatic biopsies were obtained and included decreased number of islets (4 cats), islet amyloidosis (3 cats), and vacuolar degeneration of islet cells (3 cats). Mean beta cell density was significantly (P < .001) decreased in diabetic cats compared with control cats (1.4 +/- 0.7 versus 2.6 +/- 0.5%, respectively). Cells within islets stained positive for insulin, however, the number of insulin-staining cells per islet and the intensity of insulin staining were decreased in 5 and 2 cats, respectively. Clinical diabetes had not recurred in 1 cat after 6 years, in 4 cats lost to follow-up after 1.5, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 years, and in 2 cats that died 6 months and 5.5 years after clinical diabetes resolved. Clinical diabetes recurred in 3 cats after 6 months, 14 months, and 3.4 years, respectively. These findings suggest that cats with transient clinical diabetes have pancreatic islet pathology, including decreased beta cell density, and that treatment of diabetes and concurrent disorders results in improved beta cell function, reestablishment of euglycemia, and a transition from a clinical to subclinical diabetic state.  相似文献   

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