共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
挤压膨化工艺参数对玉米淀粉出酒率的影响 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
合理的原料预处理工艺可以提高玉米淀粉出酒率,该文用单螺杆挤压膨化机对脱胚玉米进行挤压膨化,以模孔直径、套筒温度、物料含水率、螺杆转速和酵母添加量作为因素,以挤压膨化脱胚玉米淀粉出酒率为考察指标,采用5因素5水平(1/2实施)进行二次正交旋转组合试验设计,探讨了挤压膨化工艺参数和酵母添加量对挤压膨化脱胚玉米淀粉出酒率的影响规律,得到了优化的工艺参数:模孔直径为12mm,套筒温度140℃,物料含水率19%,螺杆转速200r?min-1,在酵母添加量为0.4%时,玉米淀粉出酒率可以达到55.81%。 相似文献
2.
为了进一步提高玉米淀粉转化为抗性淀粉的得率,该文以高直链玉米淀粉为原料,通过压热——冷却循环并结合酸水解处理,考察循环次数、酸种类、酸浓度与水解作用时间对抗性淀粉制备的影响,改进抗性淀粉的制备技术路线和一些条件参数,并对成品的一些性质进行表征分析。高直链玉米淀粉经过121℃压热20min——4℃冷却24h循环处理2次,再用0.1mol/L柠檬酸于室温下水解12h,抗性淀粉的得率可以达到39%;X-射线衍生图表明,所得到的成品中抗性淀粉是以B型晶体形式存在;差示扫描量热(DSC)分析显示,抗性淀粉对热稳定,只有在较高温度下才会发生相转变。 相似文献
3.
低温挤出-多酶协同降解脱胚玉米中淀粉的机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了改变目前挤出酶解谷物淀粉仅添加一种酶制剂(α-淀粉酶),只能降解淀粉的α-1,4糖苷键,不能降解支链淀粉的α-1,6糖苷键,限制淀粉转化成葡萄糖的收率进一步提高的现状,该文应用低温(≤80℃)挤出-多酶(α-淀粉酶、糖化酶、普鲁兰酶)协同降解技术,制备挤出过程中物料的石蜡显微制片,观察脱胚玉米经低温挤出-多酶协同降解处理后,细胞壁、细胞中的淀粉颗粒和蛋白质颗粒的分布状况以及淀粉含量、糊化度、可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明:在挤出过程中,淀粉发生糊化和降解,表观淀粉质量分数减少,从81.50%减少到74.40%,可溶性糖质量分数增加,从1.07%增加到2.26%,挤出过程中加入酶制剂后这种变化更加明显。添加单一α-淀粉酶表观淀粉质量分数从79.72%减少到69.16%,可溶性糖质量分数从6.54%增加到7.90%。添加α-淀粉酶和糖化酶表观淀粉质量分数从81.42%减少到72.45%,可溶性糖质量分数从11.65%增加到14.71%。添加α-淀粉酶和普鲁兰酶表观淀粉质量分数从81.31%减少到70.31%,可溶性糖质量分数从6.74%增加到8.29%。添加α-淀粉酶、糖化酶、普鲁兰酶3种酶时淀粉质量分数从81.06%减少到69.05%,可溶性糖质量分数从11.25%增加到16.35%。因此,3种酶(α-淀粉酶、糖化酶、普鲁兰酶)协同作用对淀粉降解以及可溶性糖含量的增加作用效果最好。显微切片的分析结果表明:添加3种酶制剂(α-淀粉酶+糖化酶+普鲁兰酶)的切片,细胞结构中淀粉颗粒被降解破坏的程度大于添加1种(耐高温α-淀粉酶)、2种(α-淀粉酶+糖化酶,或者α-淀粉酶+普鲁兰酶)酶制剂的细胞结构中淀粉颗粒被降解破坏的程度。低温挤出-多酶协同降解后,脱胚玉米挤出物的总淀粉含量降低、可溶性糖含量增加,糊化度增加。试验表明:添加3种酶制剂协同降解脱胚玉米中淀粉的作用效果优于添加1种酶制剂或2种酶制剂的淀粉降解效果,为进一步提高淀粉转化成葡萄糖的收率提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
提高淀粉基木材胶粘剂耐水性的工艺优化 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
为解决淀粉代替石油产品制取胶粘剂胶接木质材料后耐水性差的问题,该研究用玉米淀粉、聚乙烯醇、异氰酸酯和羧基丁苯胶乳等原料合成胶粘剂过程中各因素对胶接后湿强度的影响规律。采用二次旋转正交组合试验方法设计试验,并用SAS软件和Matlab软件处理数据,分析了原料配方和反应温度对胶粘剂胶接木质材料后湿强度的影响,优化了淀粉胶粘剂的工艺参数,淀粉质量分数13%,聚乙烯醇质量分数4%,异氰酸酯质量分数5%,胶乳质量分数3%;反应温度58℃。并通过扫描电子显微镜进行了微观结构分析,揭示了淀粉胶粘剂湿强度提高的机理。 相似文献
5.
为了缩短生产玉米糖浆的玉米粗淀粉的糖化时间，改进其糖化过程。通过实验室试验,研究了添加酶制剂的玉米粗淀粉的挤压-液化系统诸参数(套筒温度、玉米粗淀粉含水率、螺杆转速、挤压时耐高温α-淀粉酶添加量、液化时耐高温α-淀粉酶添加量)，对糖液的主要考察指标(糖液的DE值、出品率和过滤速度)的影响规律。研究表明，在本研究的较优系统参数下，糖化12 h糖液的DE值、过滤速度和淀粉出品率分别为95.5%～96.3%、163.2～177.3 L/(m2·s)和94.2%～94.4%。比传统玉米淀粉糖化时间缩短约18 h。 相似文献
6.
颗粒型抗性淀粉的制备及性质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高抗性淀粉含量,并获得抗性淀粉的制备方法和最适工艺参数,该试验采用湿热处理、酶法处理以及酶法协同湿热处理3种方法改性高直链玉米淀粉（Hylon Ⅶ）,分别得到抗性淀粉质量分数为51.5%、42.5%和55.1%的产品。异相酶法处理协同湿热处理可使抗性淀粉含量有所提高。淀粉经过3种方法处理后仍保持偏光十字和颗粒形貌,为颗粒型抗性淀粉;与原淀粉相比,适当的湿热处理和酶法处理可使淀粉的直链淀粉含量显著提高;X-射线衍射表明酶解处理和湿热处理没有改变淀粉的晶型,仍为“B”型晶型;差示扫描量热图谱表明抗性淀粉样品的糊化起始温度、峰值温度、终止温度和焓值均升高。湿热处理和酶法处理可制备出热稳定性好的颗粒型抗性淀粉。 相似文献
7.
鲜木薯抗性淀粉的制备与性质 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了提高木薯抗性淀粉的含量,该研究以鲜木薯湿淀粉为原料,采用压热-酶法制备抗性淀粉,通过单因素试验和响应面分析,获得抗性淀粉的最佳制备条件为：淀粉乳浓度10%、压热时间80 min、压热温度120℃、耐热α-淀粉酶添加量1 U/g、耐热α-淀粉酶作用时间15.75 min,普鲁兰酶添加量0.83 U/g,普鲁兰酶作用时间5.86 h、超声波处理时间2 min。在此条件下抗性淀粉的质量分数是15.48%。电镜试验表明淀粉颗粒经压热-酶法处理后表面形态发生变化;X-射线衍射表明抗性淀粉的结晶类型为B型,结晶度增加;体外消化模拟试验表明：与原淀粉相比,抗性淀粉消化特性降低。该研究可为抗性淀粉的工业化生产和应用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
回生抗性淀粉种类对米淀粉凝胶形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为寻找改善普通米淀粉制品的结构及品质的新型食品添加剂,该文以普通米淀粉为原料,采用快速黏度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、质构分析仪、全自动X射线衍射仪及示差扫描量热仪等手段,研究添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆回生抗性淀粉(retrograded resistant starch,RSⅢ)对米淀粉凝胶微观结构及理化性质的影响。结果表明:添加锥栗、马铃薯及绿豆RSⅢ对米淀粉凝胶的结构及性质产生显著影响(P0.01),以锥栗RSⅢ的作用最为突出。添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ对米淀粉糊的黏度特性没有影响(P0.05)。未添加RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶存在很多不规则、深浅不一的大洞,而加入RSⅢ使米淀粉凝胶的网状结构变得更为规整、致密,且其胶着性与黏聚性变化不大(P0.05);添加锥栗、马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ后能加速米淀粉凝胶的形成,与未添加RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶比,其硬度分别增加了2.38、1.97和1.25倍(P0.01),黏着性分别增加2.56、1.99和1.32倍(P0.01),弹性增加1.07、0.81和0.53倍(P0.01)。米淀粉以A-型晶体占优,锥栗RSⅢ以V-型晶体占优,马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ均以B-型晶体占优;不加或加入RSⅢ的米淀粉凝胶粉末都转变为以V-型晶体为主,且总相对结晶度没有改变(P0.05)。加入RSⅢ后的米淀粉糊除有低温吸热峰外还出现高温吸热峰,是否添加RSⅢ对低温吸热峰的温度参数影响不大(P0.05),但吸热焓显著降低(P0.01);而对于高温吸热峰,添加马铃薯与绿豆RSⅢ的各项参数没有差别(P0.05),但比添加锥栗RSⅢ的显著增高(P0.01)。可见添加不同来源的RSⅢ可以有效改善米淀粉凝胶的结构与品质。该研究结果为抗性淀粉用于提高米制品品质与营养功能的研究和生产提供了重要参考。 相似文献
9.
基于量纲分析的函数理论建立挤压脱胚玉米生产淀粉糖浆的糖化液过滤问题的经验公式 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
该文应用基于量纲分析的函数理论和蒋亦元修正的G.Murphy定理,扩大试验范围,减少试验次数,研究脱胚玉米挤压系统参数,对挤压脱胚玉米生产淀粉糖浆的糖化液滤速、DE值的影响规律。解决用脱胚玉米挤压膨化物生产淀粉糖浆难于糖化过滤的问题,为在实际生产中使用挤压膨化脱胚玉米生产淀粉糖浆提供参考。 相似文献
10.
抑制玉米淀粉回生的面粉蛋白酶解液筛选 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为防止玉米淀粉食品会因回生而降低品质,该文利用酸性、中性和碱性3种蛋白酶水解小麦面粉中的球蛋白、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白,研究酶解物中混合多肽对玉米淀粉回生的影响。研究结果表明,酸性蛋白酶水解谷蛋白所得多肽混合液能强烈抑制玉米淀粉回生,使玉米淀粉回生率由14.0%降低到8.0%。其他2种水解物促进玉米淀粉回生,促进最多的是碱性蛋白酶水解醇溶蛋白,使玉米淀粉回生率由14.0%升高到19.5%。通过红外和核磁分析了混合多肽抑制或促进玉米淀粉回生的可能机理。研究成果为控制淀粉回生提供一条全新的途径。 相似文献
11.
淀粉粒度对热塑性淀粉性能的影响研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
研究了微细化淀粉结晶度的变化以及淀粉粒度对热塑性淀粉性能的影响,结果表明,淀粉粒度降低的同时,其颗粒团聚作用明显。机械研磨作用能够明显地破坏淀粉分子的结晶结构,导致其结晶度降低,而无序化程度增加。淀粉粒度的适度降低对热塑性淀粉性能有显著改善作用,以中位径d50≈4.23 μm附近的微细化淀粉为原料制备热塑性淀粉,其力学性能,熔体流变性以及生物降解性均较为理想,抗拉强度为21.7 MPa,断裂伸长率为138.3%,28 d土埋生物降解失重率近60%。 相似文献
12.
甘薯淀粉性质与其粉丝品质的关系 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了弄清不同品种甘薯淀粉所制粉丝品质差异的原因,该研究通过对各种甘薯淀粉的理化性质、热力学特性、分子结构与甘薯粉丝品质的测定,并以绿豆淀粉做对照,对三者与其粉丝品质进行了相关性分析。结果表明：淀粉理化性质对粉丝品质影响较大,按相关系数大小依次是：膨润力＞溶解度＞表观直链淀粉含量＞蛋白质含量＞颗粒大小。回生对粉丝品质的影响远远大于糊化对其的影响。快速黏度分析参数与粉丝品质有显著的相关性,可作为预测其相应的粉丝品质的重要手段之一。淀粉分子结构对粉丝品质影响更大,按显著程度依次是：直链淀粉（A m ）含量＞支链淀粉（A P ）短链量＞AP长链量＞Am分支数＞AP短链长度＞Am链长＞AP长链长度。 相似文献
13.
藕淀粉的加工性能研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
该文从化学成分、淀粉颗粒大小、淀粉糊、热力学、淀粉颗粒形态和表面结构以及对酶水解耐受力等方面，对藕淀粉的加工性质进行了较为详尽的研究。结果表明，藕淀粉(重庆产)的水分含量为15.32%、蛋白质0.16%、脂肪0.07%、粗纤维0.02%、灰分0.54%、磷0.053%，其直链淀粉含量(30.61%)高于玉米淀粉的。藕淀粉的平均粒径为50.27 μm，而玉米淀粉的为38.97 μm。藕淀粉颗粒呈小圆形和椭圆形，但在某些淀粉颗粒一端有凹陷。淀粉的X-衍射图谱为B型，糊化温度为54.09℃，透明度为57.9%，淀粉糊达到最大黏度即呈现平缓的特征，黏度峰值远低于玉米淀粉糊的。该研究对实际生产中，提高藕淀粉得率和纯度以及应用具有指导意义。 相似文献
14.
Kasarda DD Dupont FM Vensel WH Altenbach SB Lopez R Tanaka CK Hurkman WJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10292-10302
Wheat starch is used to make baked products for celiac patients in several European countries but is avoided in the United States because of uncertainty about the amounts of associated grain storage (gluten) proteins. People with celiac disease (CD) must avoid wheat, rye, and barley proteins and products that contain them. These proteins are capable of initiating damage to the absorptive lining of the small intestine in CD patients, apparently as a consequence of undesirable interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this study, starch surface-associated proteins were extracted from four commercial wheat starches, fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis, and identified by tandem mass spectrometry analysis. More than 150 proteins were identified, many of which (for example, histones, purothionins, and glutenins) had not been recognized previously as starch-associated. The commercial starches were analyzed by the R-5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to estimate the amount of harmful gluten protein present. One of these starches had a low gluten content of 7 ppm and actually fell within the range proposed as a new Codex Alimentarius Standard for naturally gluten-free foods (maximum 20 ppm). This low level of gluten indicates that the starch should be especially suitable for use by celiac patients, although wheat starches with levels up to 100 ppm are deemed safe in the proposed Codex standards. 相似文献
15.
Santacruz S Koch K Andersson R Aman P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(7):1985-1989
The starch accumulation-degradation process as well as the structure of leaf starch are not completely understood. To study this, starch was isolated from potato leaves collected in the early morning and late afternoon in July and August, representing different starch accumulation rates. The starch content of potato leaves varied between 2.9 and 12.9% (dry matter basis) over the night and day in the middle of July and between 0.6 and 1.5% in August. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of the four isolated starch samples showed that the granules had either an oval or a round shape and did not exceed 5 microm in size. Starch was extracted by successive washing steps with dimethyl sulfoxide and precipitated with ethanol. An elution profile on Sepharose CL-6B of debranched starch showed the presence of a material with a chain length distribution between that generally found for amylose and amylopectin. Amylopectin unit chains of low molecular size were present in a higher amount in the afternoon than in the morning samples. What remains at the end of the night is depleted in specific chain lengths, mainly between DP 15 and 24 and above DP 35, relative to the end of the day. 相似文献
16.
Asare EK Jaiswal S Maley J Båga M Sammynaiken R Rossnagel BG Chibbar RN 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4743-4754
The relationship between starch physical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis was determined using ten different hulless barley genotypes with variable carbohydrate composition. The ten barley genotypes included one normal starch (CDC McGwire), three increased amylose starches (SH99250, SH99073, and SB94893), and six waxy starches (CDC Alamo, CDC Fibar, CDC Candle, Waxy Betzes, CDC Rattan, and SB94912). Total starch concentration positively influenced thousand grain weight (TGW) (r(2) = 0.70, p < 0.05). Increase in grain protein concentration was not only related to total starch concentration (r(2) = -0.80, p < 0.01) but also affected enzymatic hydrolysis of pure starch (r(2) = -0.67, p < 0.01). However, an increase in amylopectin unit chain length between DP 12-18 (F-II) was detrimental to starch concentration (r(2) = 0.46, p < 0.01). Amylose concentration influenced granule size distribution with increased amylose genotypes showing highly reduced volume percentage of very small C-granules (<5 μm diameter) and significantly increased (r(2) = 0.83, p < 0.01) medium sized B granules (5-15 μm diameter). Amylose affected smaller (F-I) and larger (F-III) amylopectin chains in opposite ways. Increased amylose concentration positively influenced the F-III (DP 19-36) fraction of longer DP amylopectin chains (DP 19-36) which was associated with resistant starch (RS) in meal and pure starch samples. The rate of starch hydrolysis was high in pure starch samples as compared to meal samples. Enzymatic hydrolysis rate both in meal and pure starch samples followed the order waxy > normal > increased amylose. Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) increased with a decrease in amylose concentration. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed a higher polydispersity index of amylose in CDC McGwire and increased amylose genotypes which could contribute to their reduced enzymatic hydrolysis, compared to waxy starch genotypes. Increased β-glucan and dietary fiber concentration also reduced the enzymatic hydrolysis of meal samples. An average linkage cluster analysis dendrogram revealed that variation in amylose concentration significantly (p < 0.01) influenced resistant starch concentration in meal and pure starch samples. RS is also associated with B-type granules (5-15 μm) and the amylopectin F-III (19-36 DP) fraction. In conclusion, the results suggest that barley genotype SH99250 with less decrease in grain weight in comparison to that of other increased amylose genotypes (SH99073 and SH94893) could be a promising genotype to develop cultivars with increased amylose grain starch without compromising grain weight and yield. 相似文献
17.
The mechanism underlying the previously reported parabolic relationship between amylopectin fine structure, represented by the weight ratio of linear short chains [degree of polymerization (DP < 13) to long chains (DP >/= 13], and slowly digestible starch (SDS) content was investigated from the viewpoint of starch retrogradation and substrate susceptibility to enzyme hydrolysis. A maize mutant sample, termed "highest long-chain starch" (HLCS) representing group I samples with a higher proportion of long chains, showed a bell-shaped SDS pattern with retrogradation time, whereas insignificant changes in SDS were found for the sample termed "highest short-chain starch" (HSCS) representing group II samples with a higher proportion of short chains. This corresponded to results from X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry that showed a rapid increase of crystallinity and enthalpy for HLCS during retrogradation, but negligible changes for sample HSCS. Therefore, retrogradation was associated with SDS content for group I samples, but not for group II samples. Analysis of amylopectin fine structure, SDS content, retrogradation enthalpy, SDS material debranching profile, and hydrolysis pattern demonstrated, for group I samples, that linear branched chains of DP 9-30 of amylopectin may act as anchor points to slow the digestion of branced-chain fractions of DP > 30, which constitute the major slowly digestible portion, whereas for group II samples, it is the inherent molecular structure of amylopectin with a higher amount of branches and shorter chains that is not favorable for rapid enzyme digestion. The concept of a slowly digestible starch state (SDS state) that could be a chemical or physical entity is proposed to better describe the mechanistic underpinning of the slow digestion property of starches. 相似文献
18.
施氮对高淀粉玉米和普通玉米子粒可溶性糖和淀粉积累的影响 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
采用田间试验、植株生理生化分析和电镜观察等方法,研究了不同氮肥用量对高淀粉玉米吉单535和普通玉米军单8号子粒糖分与淀粉形成的影响。结果表明,在施氮量N 0～200 kg/hm2之间,两品种玉米子粒淀粉含量随着施氮量的增加而增加,过量施氮则淀粉含量降低。灌浆期吉单535子粒蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量高于军单8号,适量施氮使子粒灌浆期保持较高的蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量,有利于淀粉合成。高淀粉玉米在成熟期淀粉粒充满了细胞,大小均匀,排列有序;普通玉米的淀粉粒则没有充满细胞,大小不一,排列混乱。适宜施氮下淀粉粒大小较为均匀,淀粉粒之间挤压轻微,而过量施氮下淀粉粒相互挤压成多面体状。 相似文献