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1.
Changes in soil properties and yield response in relation to tillage and residue management treatments in an irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)—wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) rotation on a sandy soil (1972–1974) and on a sandy loam soil (1974–1976) were evaluated. Tillage treatments (T1 and T2) did not cause significant changes in soil properties. Incorporation of crop residues (5 t residue per ha per crop, T3) caused a substantial increase in organic C, available N, and NaHCO3 -extractable P contents in the top 15 cm of both soils. Residue management treatments (T3, T4 and T5) showed no significant effect on soil bulk density and exchangeable K. Crop yields under no-tillage (T1) and conventional tillage (control, T2) were comparable on sandy soil but on the sandy loam soil, no-tillage yielded significantly lower than conventional tillage. Compared with the control, incorporation of crop residues (T3) caused higher yields on sandy soil for groundnut and wheat by 34.1 and 47.4%, respectively, and on sandy loam by 17.1 and 7.2%, respectively. Mulching with crop residues conserved soil moisture and reduced maximum soil temperature (1.5–5.3°C in groundnut and 1.5–2.9°C in wheat) but other measured soil properties were not significantly affected. Significant yield increase due to residue mulching (T4) was observed in sandy soil but it was significantly less than when total crop residue was incorporated (T3). Increased wheat root-weight density in the top 15 cm soil with residue mulching was not reflected in grain yield. Compared with the incorporation of the total amount of crop residue (T3), incorporation of half the amount and application of the other half as mulch (T5) caused lower yields — on sandy soil for groundnut and wheat by 31.5 and 15.7%, respectively, and on sandy loam by 4.8 and 3.6%, respectively.  相似文献   

2.
K. SMITH  D. WATTS  T. WAY  H. TORBERT  S. PRIOR 《土壤圈》2012,22(5):604-615
Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil.This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources,land management practices,and fertilizer placement methods on greenhouse gas(CO2,CH4,and N2O)emissions.A new prototype implement developed for applying poultry litter in subsurface bands in the soil was used in this study.The field site was located at the Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center in the Appalachian Plateau region of northeast Alabama,USA,on a Hartsells fine sandy loam(fine-loamy,siliceous,subactive,thermic Typic Hapludults).Measurements of carbon dioxide(CO2),methane(CH4),and nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions followed GRACEnet (greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network)protocols to assess the effects of different tillage(conventional vs.no-tillage)and fertilizer placement(subsurface banding vs.surface application)practices in a corn(Zea mays L.)cropping system.Fertilizer sources were urea-ammonium nitrate(UAN),ammonium nitrate(AN)and poultry litter(M)applied at a rate of 170 kg ha-1 of available N.Banding of fertilizer resulted in the greatest concentration of gaseous loss(CO2 and N2O)compared to surface applications of fertilizer.Fertilizer banding increased CO2 and N2O loss on various sampling days throughout the season with poultry litter banding emitting more gas than UAN banding.Conventional tillage practices also resulted in a higher concentration of CO2 and N2O loss when evaluating tillage by sampling day.Throughout the course of this study,CH4 flux was not affected by tillage,fertilizer source,or fertilizer placement method.These results suggest that poultry litter use and banding practices have the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions.  相似文献   

3.
为了研究耕作措施对双序列轮作农田土壤温室气体的排放及影响, 采用CO2分析仪、静态箱 气相色谱法在陇中黄土高原半干旱区对传统耕作不覆盖、免耕不覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖和传统耕作+秸秆还田4种耕作措施下豆麦双序列轮作农田土壤温室气体(CO2、N2O和CH4)的排放及影响因素进行了连续测定和分析。结果表明: 测定期内4种耕作措施下农田土壤均表现为CO2源、N2O源和CH4净吸收汇; 除传统耕作不覆盖措施, 其他3种耕作措施不同程度地减少了2种轮作序列土壤的N2O排放通量, 并显著增加了土壤对CH4的吸收。CO2和N2O的排放通量分别与地表、地下5 cm处、地下10 cm处的土壤温度呈极显著和显著正相关关系, 相关系数分别为0.92**和0.89**、0.95**和0.91**、0.77*和0.62*; 而CH4吸收通量与不同地层的温度之间无明显的相关关系; CO2和CH4的通量与0~5 cm、5~10 cm的土壤含水量均呈显著正相关关系, 相关系数分别为0.69*和0.72*、0.77*和0.64*, 而与10~30 cm土壤含水量无明显相关关系; N2O排放通量与各层次的土壤含水量之间均呈不显著负相关关系。对2种轮作序列各处理下土壤中排放的3种温室气体的增温潜势计算综合得出: 4种耕作措施中, 免耕不覆盖处理可相对减少土壤温室气体的排放量, 进而降低温室效应。  相似文献   

4.
The concern for groundwater pollution by agrichemicals through solute movement within the soil is widespread. Zeolite is a type of soil amendment that is utilized to improve physical properties of soil and ameliorate polluted soil. The high negative charge of the zeolite and its open space structure allows adsorption and access of heavy metals and other cations and anions. The objectives of this research were (i) to determine the effects of different application rates of zeolite (0, 2, 4, and 8 g kg?1) on the immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient in a loam soil and then (ii) to determine the effects of optimum application rate of zeolite on the immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient of sandy loam and clay loam soils in saturated conditions by a mobile and immobile (MIM) model. In a disturbed soil column, a method was proposed for determination of MIM model parameters, that is, immobile water content (θim), mass exchange coefficient (α), and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (Dh). Breakthrough curves were obtained for different soil textures with different zeolite applications in three replicates, by miscible displacement of chloride (Cl?1) in disturbed soil column. Cl?1 breakthrough curves were evaluated in terms of the MIM model. The results showed that the pore water velocity calculated based on the total soil volumetric water content (θim+ θm) and real pore water velocity calculated based on the mobile water content (θm) increased in the loam soil with an increase in zeolite application rate, so that, between these different rates of zeolite application, the maximum value of pore water velocity and real pore water velocity occurred at zeolite application rates of 8.6 and 11.5 g kg?1, which are indicated as the optimum application rates. However, the comparison between different soils showed that the zeolite application rate of 8 g kg?1 could increase pore water velocity of sandy loam and loam soils by 31% more than that of clay loam soil. The immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient of loam soil were correlated with the zeolite application rate and reduced with an increase in the rate of applied zeolite. In a comparison between different soils at zeolite application rate of 8 g kg?1, the immobile water contents of the zeolite-treated soil decreased by 57%, 60%, and 39% on sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils, respectively, compared with the untreated soil. Furthermore, zeolite application could reduce mass exchange coefficient by 9%, 43%, and 21% on sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils, respectively. A positive linear relationship was found between θim and α. Zeolite application increased real pore water velocity of sandy loam soil by 39% and 46% compared with loam and clay loam soils, respectively. In other studies there was a decrease in ammonium and nitrate leaching due to the zeolite application, and therefore, an increase in real pore water velocity due to zeolite application in sandy loam soil, as compared with the loam and clay loam soils, may not show more rapid movement of solute and agrichemicals to the groundwater.  相似文献   

5.
江苏省稻麦复种合理轮耕制的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文
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6.
Little is known how contrasting tillage (deep ploughing, top- and sub-soil loosening with straight or bent leg cultivator [BLC], direct drilling [DD]) affect important soil physical properties (total porosity [TP], pore size distribution [PSD], water release characteristics [WRC]) and CO2 emissions from a Luvisol. The study was aimed to alleviate compaction on land that had been under reduced tillage for 4 successive years. Undisturbed core samples were collected from 5–10, 15–20 and 25–30 cm depths for soil WRCs, TP and pore-size distribution determination. A closed chamber method was used to quantify the CO2 emissions from the soil. Soil loosening with straight or BLC produced the highest total soil porosity (on average 0.48 m3 m?3) within 5–30 cm soil layer, while conventional tillage (CT) gave 6%, DD up to 25% reduction. Sub-surface loosening with a BLC was the most effective tool to increase the amount of macro- and mesopores in the top- and sub-soil layers. It produced 21% more macro- and mesopores within 25–30 cm soil layer as compared to the soil loosened with a straight leg cultivator. Plant available water content under CT and DD was lower as compared to that under deep loosening with straight or BLC (23% and 18%, respectively). DD produced 12% lower soil surface net carbon dioxide exchange rate than CT and by 25–28% lower than deep soil loosening with straight or BLC. The increase in micropores within 25–30 cm soil layer caused net carbon dioxide exchange rate reduction. The amount of mesopores within the whole 5–30 cm soil layer acted as a direct dominant factor influencing net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) (Pxy = ?3.063; r = 0.86).  相似文献   

7.
Carbon dioxide emission from soil plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Short term losses of soil carbon due to tillage are of a variable magnitude. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of plowing the soil on CO2-C emissions during summer in a coarse-loamy mixed thermic Typic Hapludoll from the Argentine Rolling Pampa. Temperature after tillage was higher in the plowed soil than under no-tillage, being higher the soil water content in the later treatment. Plowing the soil did not produce an immediately impact on soil surface CO2-C emission, but induced an important CO2-C flush few days later. A difference of 16 up to 25 kg C ha–1 d–1 in the CO2-C emissions was observed from the second up to the fourth sampling dates after tillage. Difference in total CO2-C emissions between the plowed soil and the no-tillage treatment was 580 kg C ha–1, during the 40 days measurement period. This difference in CO2-C emission was partitioned between residue decomposition and humus mineralization. Carbon mineralized from humus was 270 kg C ha–1 higher under plow tillage than under no tillage. This figure represented an important extra loss of 0.48% of the soil organic carbon content from the 0–30 cm depth, as consequence of plowing in the warmest season of the year.  相似文献   

8.
The effects of different management practices on the physical properties of a sandy loam soil in Southern Nigeria were studied for two cropping seasons. The bulk densities of the top 0–10-cm soil depths were significantly reduced in plots under 13 years of Panicum maximum and Centrosema pubescens covers. Pores of equivalent cylindrical diameter > 0.05 mm were increased significantly under the two covers. Up to 33% of the saturation water content was released between tensions of 0 and 0.06 bar in the sandy loam soil of all the treatment plots. Furthermore an average of 24% of this water was released between tensions of 0.06 and 0.33 bar. Infiltration rates, measured at the end of the growing season, ranged from 240 mm h−1 under the bare fallow treatment to 1326 mm h−1 under the Centrosema cover. There was no significant difference between the tilled and no-tillage plots. Saturated hydraulic conductivities were significantly higher under the Panicum and Centrosema covers. The effect of tillage on conductivity was not appreciable. The highest weekly 5-cm depth, 1.30 p.m. soil temperature (32°C) was obtained under the bare fallow treatment and the lowest (23.5°) under the Panicum cover. Tillage had no significant effect on the soil temperature. Thirteen years of continuous Centrosema and Panicum covers had a significant effect on the physical properties of the tropical sandy loam soil. Tillage effects were not significant after 2 years of cropping.  相似文献   

9.
潜水蒸发条件下不同质地剖面的土壤水盐运动   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文
刘福汉  王遵亲 《土壤学报》1993,30(2):173-181
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10.
Abstract

Soil CO2 efflux rate is influenced by soil temperature which varies with time within a day. In order to determine a measuring time-window which can represent the daily average soil CO2 efflux rate from a Black soil in north-east China, soil CO2 efflux rates from no-tillage (NT) and mouldboard plough tillage (MP) plots were measured at a 2-h interval over 48 h four times in the growing season of 2008. Results showed that during the course of measurements, NT soil had a higher soil CO2 efflux rate than MP soil. Daily average soil CO2 efflux rate was matched relatively well with the CO2 efflux rate occurring between 09:00 h and 13:00 h, and between 19:00 h and 23:00 h. Our results indicate that the soil CO2 efflux rate measured between 09:00 and 11:00 h represents the daily average soil CO2 efflux rate during sunny days. When the measurements were conducted outside this time window, a procedure to adjust the CO2 efflux rates measured between 07:00 and 21:00 h (outside of the optimum time-window) to estimate daily average soil CO2 efflux rate is described.  相似文献   

11.
Subsidence of drained, high organic matter Histosols in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) is a concern for the sustainability of crop production in southern Florida. Histosol subsidence is primarily due to oxidation of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms, but far less is known about the influence of agricultural practices. The use of shallow tillage, as opposed to deep tillage, combined with proper plant residue management, may help to reduce the present rate of subsidence and soil CO2 emissions. The present study was conducted on a Lauderhill soil (euic, hyperthermic, Lithic Haplosaprist) previously cropped in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). The objectives were to (1) determine the effects of tillage depth on short-term CO2 losses in a herbicide-killed weedy residue covered field and another field kept fallow without residue cover, and (2) compare soil respiration measurements made with two different dynamic closed-system portable chamber techniques. Four tillage practices common to the EAA were used to produce soil disturbance ranging in depth from approximately 20 to 300 mm. These practices included switch plowing, disk harrowing, and single and multiple tine cultivation. Twenty-four hours after tillage, cumulative CO2 loss from the deepest tillage treatment (switch plow; 300 mm deep) was as much as 33 times greater than that from the no-till (control) treatment. Cumulative CO2 loss following intermediate tillage (disk harrow; 78–145 mm deep) was as much as 2.3-fold greater than the no-till treatment, but shallower tillage (tine cultivation; 20–41 mm deep) was generally not different. Short-term tillage-induced CO2 loss was primarily related to soil moisture content and soil porosity. Soil respiration measurements made with the two chamber techniques agreed well with each other except for the deepest tillage treatment, where the larger chamber measured CO2 flux that was approximately 10 times greater than for the smaller chamber. Results indicate that minimum or no-tillage may reduce short-term tillage-induced CO2 emissions on organic soils, thus minimizing soil subsidence.  相似文献   

12.
The no-tillage system is perceived as having lower soil temperatures, wetter soil conditions, and greater surface penetration resistance compared with conventional and other conservation tillage systems. Concerns associated with the effect of the no-tillage system on certain soil physical properties (i.e. soil temperature, moisture, and compaction) prompted this study to evaluate the effect of an alternative tillage system, strip-tillage, on these physical properties, compared with chisel plow and no-tillage systems. The study was conducted on two Iowa State University research and demonstration farms in 2001 and 2002. One site was at the Marsden Farm near Ames, where the soils were Nicollet loam (Aquic Hapludolls) and Webster silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquolls). The second site was at the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm near Nashua, where the soils were Kenyon loam (Typic Hapludolls) and Floyd loam (Aquic Hapludolls).Soil temperature increased in the top 5 cm under strip-tillage (1.2–1.4 °C) over no-tillage and it remained close to the chisel plow soil temperature. This increase in soil temperature contributed to an improvement in plant emergence rate index (ERI) under strip-tillage compared with no-tillage. The results show no significant differences in soil moisture status between the three tillage systems, although the strip-tillage soil profile has slightly greater moisture content than chisel plow. Moisture content through the soil profile particularly at the lower depths under all tillage treatments was greater than the plant available water (PAW). However, the changes in soil moisture storage were much greater with strip-tillage and chisel plow than no-tillage from post-emergence to preharvest at 0–30 and 0–120 cm. It was observed also that most change in soil moisture storage occurred between post-emergence and tasseling. Penetration resistance was similar for both strip-tillage and no-tillage, but commonly greater than chisel plow. In general, the findings show that strip-tillage can contribute effectively to improve plant emergence, similar to chisel plowing and conserve soil moisture effectively compared with no-tillage.  相似文献   

13.
不同管理措施对滨海盐渍农田土壤CO2排放及碳平衡的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
米迎宾  杨劲松  姚荣江  余世鹏 《土壤》2016,48(3):546-552
为探讨不同管理措施对滨海盐渍农田碳平衡的影响,本文通过玉米–小麦轮作试验,研究农田土壤的CO_2释放规律,及其农田碳收支状况。试验设计6个处理:1常规对照(CK);2有机肥常量(OF);3氮肥增施(NF);4秸秆还田(S);5有机肥加秸秆(OF+S);6免耕(NT)。研究表明,秸秆还田和有机肥的施用增加了土壤呼吸的强度,而免耕处理的CO_2平均释放量最低,不同处理下土壤呼吸总体表现为OF+SSOMNFCKNT。各处理土壤有机碳含量随着作物的收获逐渐升高,其中OF与NT增加最多,而增施氮肥处理并没有显著提高土壤的有机碳水平。各处理间的有机碳含量没有显著性差异。在两季作物种植结束后,各处理的碳输入均高于碳输出,均为碳净输入,表现出较强的碳汇特征。秸秆还田和单施有机肥的碳净输入均显著高于对照,可有效减缓因农田土壤CO_2排放而造成的全球气候变化问题。  相似文献   

14.

Purpose

Understanding organic carbon mineralization and its temperature response in subtropical paddy soils is important for the regional carbon balance. There is a growing interest in factors controlling soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization because of the potential for climate change. This study aims to test the hypothesis that soil clay content impedes SOC mineralization in subtropical paddy soils.

Materials and methods

A 160-day laboratory incubation at temperatures from 10 to 30 °C and 90% water content was conducted to examine the dynamics of SOC mineralization and its temperature response in three subtropical paddy soils with different clay contents (sandy loam, clay loam, and silty clay soils). A three-pool SOC model (active, slow, and resistant) was used to fit SOC mineralization.

Results and discussion

Total CO2 evolved during incubation following the order of clay loam > silty clay > sandy loam. The temperature response coefficients (Q 10) were 1.92?±?0.39, 2.36?±?0.22, and 2.10?±?0.70, respectively, for the sandy loam soil, clay loam soil, and silty clay soil. But the soil clay content followed the order of silty clay > clay loam > sandy loam. The sandy loam soil neither released larger amounts of CO2 nor showed higher temperature sensitivity, as expected, even though it contains lower soil clay content among the three soils. It seems that soil clay content did not have a dominant effect which results in the difference in SOC mineralization and its temperature response in the selected three paddy soils. However, dissolved organic carbon (DOC; representing substrate availability) had a great effect. The size of the active C pool ranged from 0.11 to 3.55% of initial SOC, and it increased with increasing temperature. The silty clay soil had the smallest active C pool (1.40%) and the largest Q 10 value (6.33) in the active C pool as compared with the other two soils. The mineralizable SOC protected in the silty clay soil, therefore, had even greater temperature sensitivity than the other two soils that had less SOC stabilization.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that SOC mineralization and its temperature response in subtropical paddy soils were probably not dominantly controlled by soil clay content, but the substrate availability (represented as DOC) and the specific stabilization mechanisms of SOC may have great effects.  相似文献   

15.
Digestates vary in composition and studies regarding their impact on C and N dynamics in soils are scarce. The objective was to analyse the C and N dynamics of digestates originating from various substrates applied to a sandy Cambisol and a silty Anthrosol. In three laboratory experiments (4–6 weeks), the effects of digestate properties, N rate and water content were tested. Averaged over both soils, 21% of the C supplied was emitted as CO2. Potential NH3 emissions during the first week ranged between 6% and 12% of NH4+ present in the digestates. The emission factors in the sandy Cambisol were on average 1.2 and 2 times higher for CO2 and potential NH3, respectively, compared to the silty Anthrosol. Similarly, net nitrogen mineralization in the sandy Cambisol was approximately twice the N mineralized in the silty Anthrosol. Net nitrification was not influenced by soil texture or different digestates, but increased with increasing application rates and had highest values at 75% of water holding capacity. Our results indicate that the type of substrate input for anaerobic digestion influences the properties of the digestate and therefore the dynamics of C and N. However, soil texture can affect these dynamics markedly.  相似文献   

16.
This study investigated the effect of management on -glucosidase, -glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities and the microbial community structure in semiarid soils from West Texas, USA. Surface samples (0–5 cm) were taken from a fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and loam that were under continuous cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) or in cotton rotated with peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.), sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.), rye ( Secale cereale) or wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), and had different water management (irrigated or dryland), and tillage (conservation or conventional). The enzyme activities were higher in the loam and sandy clay loam than in the fine sandy loam. Soil pH was not affected by management, but the soil organic C and total N contents were generally affected by the different crop rotations and tillage practices studied. The trends of the enzyme activities as affected by management depended on the soil, but in general crop rotations and conservation tillage increased the enzyme activities in comparison to continuous cotton and conventional tillage. The soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with the soil organic C ( r -values up to 0.90, P< 0.001), and were correlated among each other ( r -values up to 0.90, P <0.001). There were differences in the fatty acid methyl ester profiles between the fine sandy loam and the sandy clay loam and loam, and they reflected the differences in the enzyme activities found among the soils. For example, a 15:0 ranged from 1.61±0.25% in cotton-peanut/irrigated/no-till in the fine sandy loam to 3.86±0.48% in cotton-sorghum/dryland/conservation tillage in the sandy clay loam. There were no differences due to management within the same soil.Trade names and company names are included for the benefit of the reader and do not infer any endorsement or preferential treatment of the product by USDA-ARS  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The study aimed at quantifying the rates of soil CO2 efflux under the influence of common tillage systems of moldboard plow (PT), chisel plow (CT), rotary tiller (RT), heavy disc harrow (DT), and no-tillage (NT) for 46 days in October and November in a field left fallow after wheat harvest located in southern Turkey. The NT and DT plots produced the lowest soil CO2 effluxes of 0.3 and 0.7 g m?2 h?1, respectively, relative to the other plots (P < 0.001). Following the highest rainfall amount of 87 mm on the tenth day after the tillage, soil CO2 efflux rates of all the plots peaked on the 12th day, with less influence on soil CO2 efflux in the NT plot than in the conventional tillage plots. Soil evaporation in NT (64 mmol m?2 s?1) was significantly lower than in the PT (85 mmol m?2 s?1) and RT (89 mmol m?2 s?1) tillage treatments (P < 0.01). The best multiple-regression model selected explained 46% of variation in soil respiration rates as a function of the tillage treatments, soil temperature, and soil evaporation (P < 0.001). The tillage systems of RT, PT, and CT led, on average, to 0.23, 0.22, and 0.18 g m?2 h?1 more soil CO2 efflux than the baseline of NT, respectively (P≤0.001).  相似文献   

18.
太行山前平原农田生态系统土壤呼吸速率的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
研究结果表明，华北太行山前平原农田土壤呼吸速率呈明显的季节节律变化，土壤温度是影响土壤呼吸速率的主要环境因子。农艺措施对土壤呼吸速率有明显影响，深耕十深松处理条件下土壤呼吸速率大于少耕+深松和深耕+不深松处理。秸秆还田量大的处理土壤呼吸速率高。该区年土壤呼吸总量深耕+深松为1788g/m2，少耕+深松为1667g/m2，深耕+不深松为1629g/m2。  相似文献   

19.
基于Hydrus-1D模型的玉米根系吸水影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
为探索土壤质地、植物生长状况和气象条件对不同土壤水分条件下根系吸水速率的影响机理,该文以相对根吸水速率与土壤含水率的关系衡量土壤水分有效性,利用Hydrus-1D模型模拟了3种土壤（壤黏土、黏壤土和砂壤土）中不同玉米生长状况（包括叶面积指数、根系深度和根系剖面分布）或蒸发力条件下根系吸水速率随含水率的动态变化,确定了不同条件下根系吸水速率开始降低的临界含水率。结果表明：土壤质地、植物的叶面积指数和根系分布及大气蒸发力都对根系吸水动态曲线的临界含水率有一定影响,其中根系深度和根系分布形状还影响根系吸水速率与含水率关系曲线的形状,但在3种土壤中,根系吸水速率的动态变化对植物生长和大气蒸发力的响应不同。总体而言,3种土壤临界含水率的大小是壤黏土＞黏壤土＞砂壤土;临界含水率随大气蒸发力的升高而升高,随根系深度和深层根系分布的增加而降低;各因子对玉米根系吸水影响程度的大小是土壤质地＞根系分布形状＞根系深度＞大气蒸发力＞叶面积指数。  相似文献   

20.
Soil tillage is an agricultural practice that directly affects the global carbon cycle. Our study sought to assess the implications of adopting sunn hemp cover crops with different tillage practices on CO2 emissions for two soil types (clayey and sandy soil) cultivated with sugarcane in Brazil. The experimental design was a split‐plot with randomized blocks, with the main plots being with cover crop or fallow and sub‐plots being under conventional or minimum tillage. Our results indicate that during the first 50 days after soil tillage, the variation in soil CO2 emissions was stimulated by cover crop and soil tillage, while after that, it became dominated by the root respiration of sugarcane plants. We also found that over the first 97 days after the tillage, the clayey soil showed differences between minimum tillage with cover crop and fallow. Conversely, for sandy soil over the first 50 days following, there were differences between the tillage systems under cover cropping. Emissions from sugarcane rows were found to be greater than those from inter‐row positions. We concluded that soils under different textural classes had distinct patterns in terms of soil CO2 emissions. The correct quantification of CO2 emissions during the sugarcane renovation period should prioritize having a short assessment period (~50 days after soil tillage) as well as including measurements at row and inter‐row positions.  相似文献   

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