共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
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以土壤为对象,研究在高温下5种不同覆盖方式(清耕处理、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、枝叶覆盖、灌木覆盖)对土壤性状的影响。结果表明,5种覆盖方式在高温下对土壤性状产生了影响:地膜覆盖提高了地表温度,且地膜覆盖下的地表温度上升最快,上升幅度最大,秸秆覆盖、枝叶覆盖和灌木覆盖则降低了地表温度,灌木覆盖的降温效果最好;地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、枝叶覆盖和灌木覆盖都能提高地表湿度,其中地膜覆盖前期保湿效果最好,后期则低于清耕处理;地膜覆盖的土壤水分散失最慢最少,秸秆覆盖和枝叶覆盖次之,灌木覆盖的水分散失最快最多。 相似文献
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为了研究不同栽培措施对板栗园土壤温湿度和板栗生长的影响,进行了板栗园覆盖地布栽培和自然生草栽培对土壤温度、水分及树体生长量的影响试验。结果表明:栗树生育期内,覆盖地布栽培0~60cm土壤平均温度比自然生草栽培增加0.85℃,土壤平均含水量增加0.68%,尤其在干旱时期保墒效果更突出,另外覆盖地布还具有促进树体生长、有效控制杂草和改善土壤环境的作用。因此,覆盖地布栽培是一种理想的栽培模式,建议因地制宜推广。 相似文献
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为探讨南方梨园秸杆覆盖对梨树树体营养及梨果产量品质的直接影响,进行了梨园秸秆覆盖田间试验以及叶、果室内理化分析.结果表明:秸秆覆盖可使梨树单叶面积提高5.1%～8.4%、叶绿素含量15.4%、叶绿素a/b值2.53%,有利于增强树体的光合作用,促进树体生长发育;秸秆覆盖可使叶片中N、P、K含量提高12.3%～26.8%,同时也可提高其它矿质营养元素的含量,改善树体的营养水平;秸秆覆盖还有利于果实生长发育,可使单果重提高2.8%～5.4%,单株产量提高4.6%～10.2%;可提高果实的糖酸比、改善砂梨的风味,从而提高果实品质. 相似文献
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[目的]了解地表覆盖有机物厚度对蓝莓果园土壤、产量和果实品质的影响,为生产实践中蓝莓果园有机物覆盖提供参考.[方法]以3个兔眼蓝莓品种‘灿烂’‘粉蓝’‘芭尔德温’的5年生植株为研究对象,研究了大田条件下地表覆盖不同厚度玉米秸秆对蓝莓果园土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤养分含量、蓝莓产量和果实品质性状的影响.[结果]玉米秸秆覆... 相似文献
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不同覆盖材料对旱地苹果园土壤环境及果品产量品质的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过秸秆、黑膜、河沙等覆盖材料对旱地果园土壤环境及果品产量品质等影响的研究,结果表明:覆草、覆膜、覆沙均可作为旱地果园抗旱保墒、提高土壤肥力及果品产量、品质的有效措施;黑膜对果园土壤含水率和秸秆对土壤有机质含量的影响最显著,分别较对照提高了17.73%和80.9%;黑膜667m2净增收入最高,为旱地果园覆盖首选材料,秸秆次之,河沙最低。 相似文献
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以辽西阜新的山杏为试验材料,通过不同的玉米秸秆覆盖厚度处理来探讨对土壤含水量、土壤容重、孔隙度和硬度的影响。结果有明:3个秸秆厚度处理的土壤含水量较对照处理都有显著增加,其中10cm和20cm厚度秸秆处理增加较多,并且差异不大;土壤容重、孔隙度和硬度3个物理指标中,都以20cm厚度秸秆处理最好。秸秆厚度在10~20cm厚度之间较为合适。 相似文献
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水分是影响林木生长的主要因子。通过表面覆盖薄膜、砂石、秸秆等方法进行保水试验,通过添加锯末子、农家厩肥、生物炭等方法进行保墒试验,分别测定各处理的土壤含水率、林木成活率、林木高生长量、土壤理化性质等指标。结果表明:在提高土壤含水率上,8种处理方法由多到少依次为添加生物炭薄膜覆盖添加锯末子秸秆覆盖砂石覆盖添加农家厩肥对照;在提高林木成活率上,8种处理方法由多到少依次为添加生物炭添加农家厩肥薄膜覆盖添加锯末子秸秆覆盖砂石覆盖对照;在林木年高生长量上,8种处理方法从高到低依次为添加生物炭添加农家厩肥薄膜覆盖添加锯末子砂石覆盖秸秆覆盖对照,土壤理化性质方面以添加生物炭为最佳。因此,干旱地区土壤添加生物炭在土壤蓄水保墒、促进养分吸收利用、改良土壤结构方面效果最佳,对干旱地区的蓄水保墒造林起一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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为了解不同覆盖物对红松播种苗床土壤日蒸发量、土壤表层温度和种子出苗率及幼苗生长的影响,开展了不同覆盖物红松播种试验.结果 表明:不同覆盖物下土壤日蒸发量由大到小依次为CK、河沙、草炭土、松针、锯末和豆秸;河沙覆盖的土壤表层温度最高,其次是松针覆盖,豆秸覆盖的最低,锯末和草炭土覆盖下的土壤温度两者相差不大;松针、草炭土、... 相似文献
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France Lambert Benoit Truax Daniel Gagnon Normand Chevrier 《Forest Ecology and Management》1994,70(1-3):231-244
The effects of mulching materials (black plastic and straw) and herbicide application (glyphosate) on growth and nitrogen nutrition of butternut (Juglans cinerea), white ash (Fraxinus americana) and bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) were studied in a plantation established in an abandoned field in southern Québec (Canada) since 1987. To ascertain the efficiency of mulching materials on the performance of tree seedlings, a herbicide (glyphosate, 6 l ha−1) was applied in half of the experimental plots in June 1990 and 1991. Soil parameters (temperature, moisture) and soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations were measured during the growing season in 1991. In summer 1991, nitrogen nutrition of the seedlings was monitored using enzyme assays (nitrate reductase activity (NRA), glutamine synthetase activity (GSA)) of the leaves of the three deciduous tree species. Mulching affected soil parameters, with black plastic producing the highest soil temperature (23.4°C) and straw the highest soil moisture (183.6 g kg−1) in June. NRA varied in relation to tree species, herbicide application, mulching material and time. GSA was poorly correlated to silvicultural treatments. Butternut showed the highest NRA, especially in herbicide plots irrespective of mulching material. Bur oak NRA showed less variation between herbicide and non-herbicide plots and reacted more to the mulching treatments. White ash NRA only showed an herbicide effect in June. All species reacted positively to the addition of an herbicide around the mulching material, but not to the same degree. Height and diameter increment ratios (with/without glyphosate application) indicate that butternut growth was the most improved by herbicide applications, followed by white ash and bur oak. This indicates that the effectiveness of mulching alone decreases in the following order: bur oak > white ash > butternut. The utilization of mulching material in abandoned fields as an alternative to herbicide application is closely linked to the species chosen. Enzyme assays (NRA) were shown to be a valuable tool for monitoring physiological status of planted trees subjected to environmental changes brought on by silvicultural practices. 相似文献
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为了筛选出适宜豫南地区的信阳五月鲜桃果园节水覆盖措施,以5年生桃树为试材,研究了覆膜、覆草覆膜、棚内覆草、棚内清耕4种地表管理措施对信阳五月鲜桃果园土壤含水量和树体光合特性的影响。结果表明:不同地表管理措施均能够显著减少地表水分蒸发,提高水分利用效率,避雨栽培和覆草处理可有效降低土壤温度;避雨栽培措施下信阳五月鲜桃叶片的光合速率日变化由露地的"双峰"曲线变为"单峰"曲线;棚内覆草能够有效提高信阳五月鲜桃叶片光合速率,减轻由遮光带来的群体光照强度降低,叶片光合速率下降的负面影响;棚内覆草措施下果实可溶性固形物含量明显下降。 相似文献
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The effects of mulching with perforated black plastic, in combination with fertilization and induced mycorrhizal symbioses, on the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were studied in a plantation under intensive, short rotation management. Mulching effects on soil temperature were also examined in order to assess the potential influence of this treatment on temperature-dependent processes in soils affecting tree growth. Mulching significantly increased height and stem diameter growth of both species, attributable largely to improved water relations resulting from diminished soil surface evaporation and elimination of transpirational losses from competing vegetation. Mulching effects on soil temperature were insufficient to contribute substantially to the growth response exhibited by mulched trees. Multiple applications of urea-N promoted enhanced growth in both loblolly pine and yellow-poplar, an effect accentuated by mulching, but the field performance of trees inoculated in the nursery with selected mycorrhizal fungi was poor relative to that of the other treatments investigated. 相似文献
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【目的】了解覆盖对毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林土壤物理性质及养分含量的影响,为毛竹笋用林覆盖经营提供理论依据。【方法】以湖北省咸宁市毛竹林为研究对象,采用不同覆盖措施连续覆盖3 a,分析比较不同土壤层次间物理性质及养分含量的差异。【结果】覆盖可改善表层(0~10 cm)土壤的物理性质,使该层土壤容重显著降低,毛管孔隙度、毛管持水量和最大持水量等显著提高(P<0.05)。覆盖对土壤全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量有显著影响,覆盖能显著提高表层土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量及较深层(10~20 cm和20~40 cm)土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。总体来说,随着土壤层次的加深,覆盖对土壤养分的影响程度逐渐减小。毛竹林覆盖后,不同土层间土壤物理性质及养分含量存在显著差异,主要表现为随着土壤层次的加深,土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度等显著降低,土壤容重则表现出相反的趋势;除全钾外,其他土壤养分含量均在0~10 cm层最高。【结论】在不考虑其他因素的情况下,以稻草20 cm+谷壳10 cm方式覆盖对毛竹林土壤物理性质及养分含量的影响较好。 相似文献