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1.
Many biological processes are regulated through the selective dephosphorylation of proteins. Protein serine-threonine phosphatases are assembled from catalytic subunits bound to diverse regulatory subunits that provide substrate specificity and subcellular localization. We describe a small molecule, guanabenz, that bound to a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1, PPP1R15A/GADD34, selectively disrupting the stress-induced dephosphorylation of the α subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). Without affecting the related PPP1R15B-phosphatase complex and constitutive protein synthesis, guanabenz prolonged eIF2α phosphorylation in human stressed cells, adjusting the protein production rates to levels manageable by available chaperones. This favored protein folding and thereby rescued cells from protein misfolding stress. Thus, regulatory subunits of phosphatases are drug targets, a property used here to restore proteostasis in stressed cells. 相似文献
2.
种子活力与萌发的生理与分子机制研究进展 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
种子活力形成于种子发育的脱水阶段,与以往理解不同,近来研究表明种子脱水不仅仅是一个简单的失水过程,脱水与萌发存在一些相同的基因表达和代谢特征。萌发始于吸水膨胀,种子代谢恢复,胚根突破胚乳和种皮等外围包被组织完成萌发。种子萌发的质量关键在于储藏的mRNA的质量,另外,蛋白质稳定性和DNA完整性影响萌发的表型。激素作为一种信号小分子物质,浓度极小甚至是趋于零时对种子萌发仍具有非常重要的作用,近年来研究表明ABA/GAs的阈值范围调控种子休眠与萌发,其中,ABA几乎作用于种子萌发的全部过程,GA的作用并不像ABA那样广泛,主要在胚根突出时发生作用,且ABA和GA彼此抑制对方的合成与分解代谢基因,它们均可调控α-淀粉酶基因的转录。除ABA和GA外,近来发现AUX参与调控种子的休眠与萌发,其对胚根突出的调控比对子叶开展更加精细,AUX信号与ABA信号存在交叉,AUX通过其响应蛋白ARF10/16间接调控ABA信号通路中ABI3的稳定性来调控拟南芥种子休眠与萌发。与光照条件下相比,在土壤中萌发的幼苗将形成一个特异性的组织“顶钩”,它的主要作用是在幼苗“顶土”时保护顶端分生组织,“顶钩”形成与生长素的不均匀分布有关。为了提高种子活力,引发技术被运用于生产,引发的关键在于控制种子“萌而未发”,在“回干窗口”内及时脱水,引发过程中种子储藏的mRNAs和蛋白已经执行功能,回干后这种分子机制被“牢记”,再吸胀的种子可以迅速整齐的萌发。除毒害分子外,ROS还作为信号分子参与调控种子休眠释放、胚乳松弛和贮藏物动员,且其与激素分子ABA和GA等存在交互作用,ROS还参与蛋白的翻译和翻译后修饰调控种子萌发吸水和贮藏物动员。在种子萌发过程中,甲硫氨酸代谢是代谢核心,其代谢产物广泛参与调控种子萌发的一些生理生化反应,如：DNA的合成,蛋白质的稳定性,染色体结构的形成和重塑,生物素的合成等,另外还与激素分子ABA、GA、ETH和CTK及活性氧活性（氮）存在交互作用。近来还发现甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶决定种子的寿命,它可能是种子活力的一个新的分子标记。本文将围绕上述内容对国内外研究现状进行综述,并对今后的研究热点,种子“提早”收获的感官依据,高活力种子田间出苗差异的分子机制,生长素在胚根突出时的重要作用,甲硫氨酸代谢,种子活力检测方法的选择等内容进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
Oat seeds with a higher protein content as a result of chemical applications in 1967 yielded 21 to 42 percent more grain in 1968. Wheat seed, whether from Michigan, Illinois, or Mexico, that contained more protein as a result of field applications of chemicals or nitrogen developed into larger seedlings. The content of protein in the seed correlated with subsequent growth and yield, indicating that the amount of endogenous protein or of a proteinaceous moiety, which can be controlled, may be an important factor in subsequent yield of major agronomic crops. 相似文献
4.
采用静态吸附法研究了钠、钾离子对苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白在蒙脱石和凹凸棒土表面吸附与解吸特性的影响。结果表明,添加钠、钾离子(0~2 mmol.L-1)均可提高Bt蛋白在两种矿物上的平衡吸附量,但等温吸附曲线的Langmuir方程拟合基本没受影响。添加钠离子或钾离子均能引起矿物粒子Zeta负电位升高,提示钠、钾离子通过减小矿物粒子与Bt蛋白之间斥力的方式促进了Bt蛋白吸附。在蒙脱石吸附Bt蛋白过程中添加钠、钾离子可使Bt蛋白的水解吸率升高,但解吸后的残留量变化不大;在凹凸棒土吸附Bt蛋白过程中添加钠、钾离子可使Bt蛋白的水解吸率减小,且解吸后的残留量增加。 相似文献
5.
对拟南芥RSS1蛋白进行了一系列生物信息学分析,结果表明:该蛋白是一C端含有DNA_J结构域的辅助蛋白,其N端含有受体蛋白复合物AP-2结合区DPF/W和FxDxF区,中间区域含有可信度较低的丝氨酸富集区和谷氨酸富集区.该蛋白可能具有ATP结合活性、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性和磷酸酶活性,可调控细胞循环和蛋白的磷酸化和去磷酸化作用.利用洋葱表皮瞬时表达系统验证了RSS1-GFP融合蛋白定位于细胞核中,为进一步研究该蛋白的分子和生物学功能奠定了良好基础. 相似文献
6.
追踪研究蚕体内的抗家蚕核型多角体病毒（Bombyxmori nuclearpolyhedrosis virus,BmNPV）基因与蛋白,了解家蚕抗BmNPV的机制,对减轻甚至解除血液型脓病、促进桑蚕产业发展具有重要意义。文章就家蚕抗BmNPV基因和蛋白的研究进展进行综述,提出今后对家蚕抗BmNPV的研究策略应是运用多种技术同时从DNA、RNA、蛋白质水平上进行研究,鉴定家蚕抗BmNPV基因或蛋白及其与抗BmNPV的相关性;再采用RNA干涉、转基因技术对家蚕进行基因操作,改变其对BmNPV的抵抗能力,确认这些基因、蛋白的抗病毒功能。另外,使用免疫组化、免疫共沉淀,ELISA等技术探索基因一蛋白、蛋白一蛋白间的相互作用,找到基因或蛋白的上、下游作用因子,解释清楚家蚕抗BmNPV的详细机制,为最终解除家蚕脓病危害、促进蚕业发展提供参考资料。 相似文献
7.
转Bt基因抗虫棉Bt基因表达的时空动态 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
以转Bt基因抗虫棉 33B为材料 ,利用ELISA检测方法 ,通过对棉株不同发育时期和同一时期的不同组织或器官Bt晶体蛋白含量的测定 ,研究了转Bt基因抗虫棉Bt基因表达的时空变化。结果表明 ,随着棉株生育进程的推进和株体的老化 ,Bt晶体蛋白含量随着植株体内可溶性总蛋白含量的逐渐降低而降低 ,而Bt基因的表达强度从苗期到蕾期随着棉株营养生长的加快而呈上升趋势 ,至蕾期达到高峰 ,以后逐渐减弱。不同组织或器官Bt晶体蛋白的含量也有较大差异 ,表现在幼嫩组织或器官的含量较高 ,成熟组织或器官次之 ,衰老组织最低。这说明Bt基因表达强度的减弱和Bt晶体蛋白含量的降低是转Bt基因抗虫棉生育后期抗虫性降低的根本原因 相似文献
8.
春小麦蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉含量间的相关与回归分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对20个春小麦品种(或品系)蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉百分含量间的相关、回归、协方差分析,表明蛋白质百分含量与淀粉百分含量间为极显著的负相关;脂肪百分含量与淀粉百分含量间为极显著的负相关;蛋白质百分含量与脂肪百分含量间为极显著的正相关。并建立了淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质百分含量间的回归方程。在同一试验条件下,各品种(或品系)蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉百分含量变异系数的大小,在一定程度上反映出各品种在品质性状上的纯合程度。变异系数愈小,表明纯合程度愈高;变异系数愈大,表明纯合程度愈低。因此,在那些变异系数较大的品种(或品系)中,可选出表型性状与原品种(或品系)基本相似,而在品质性状上却有较大提高的优质新品系。 相似文献
9.
Retroviral infection involves continued genetic variation, leading to phenotypic and immunological selection for more fit virus variants in the host. For retroviruses that cause immunodeficiency, pathogenesis is linked to the emergence of T cell-tropic, cytopathic viruses. Here we show that an immunodeficiency-inducing, T cell-tropic feline leukemia virus (FeLV) has evolved such that it cannot infect cells unless both a classic multiple membrane-spanning receptor molecule (Pit1) and a second coreceptor or entry factor are present. This second receptor component, which we call FeLIX, was identified as an endogenously expressed protein that is similar to a portion of the FeLV envelope protein. This cellular protein can function either as a transmembrane protein or as a soluble component to facilitate infection. 相似文献
10.
Nerve endings: rapid appearance of labeled protein shown by electron microscope radioautography 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Electron microscope radioautographs of nerve ending fractions from mouse cerebrum show that radioactive protein is associated with nerve endings 15 and 90 minutes after intracerebral injection of tritiated leucine and lysine. The results are consistent with synthesis of protein at nerve endings, or with extremely rapid transport of particulate protein to nerve endings in the mouse cerebrum, or both. 相似文献
11.
Mediation of the attachment or fusion step in vesicular transport by the GTP-binding Ypt1 protein 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
N Segev 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5012):1553-1556
The function of the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Ypt1 in regulating vesicular traffic was studied in a cell-free system that reconstitutes transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Blocking the Ypt1 protein activity resulted in accumulation of vesicles that act as an intermediate passing between the two compartments. The Ypt1 protein was found on the outer side of these vesicles. The transport process is completed by fusion of these vesicles with the acceptor compartment, and Ypt1 protein activity was needed for this step. Thus, a specific GTP-binding protein is required for either attachment or fusion (or both) of secretory vesicles with the acceptor compartment during protein secretion. 相似文献
12.
Inhibition of serum- and ras-stimulated DNA synthesis by antibodies to phospholipase C 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Several immunologically distinct isozymes of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) have been purified from bovine brain. Murine NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were found to express PLC-gamma, but the expression of PLC-beta was barely detectable by radioimmunoassay or protein immunoblot. A mixture of monoclonal antibodies was identified that neutralizes the biological activity of both endogenous and injected purified PLC-gamma. When co-injected with oncogenic Ras protein or PLC-gamma, this mixture of antibodies inhibited the induction of DNA synthesis that characteristically results from the injection of these proteins into quiescent 3T3 cells. However, when oncogenic Ras protein or PLC-gamma was co-injected with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to Ras, only the DNA synthesis induced by the Ras protein was inhibited--that induced by PLC was unaffected. These results suggest that the Ras protein is an upstream effector of PLC activity in phosphoinositide-specific signal transduction and that PLC-gamma activity is necessary for Ras-mediated induction of DNA synthesis. 相似文献
13.
应用改进的十二烷基硫酸钠 -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS- PAGE)方法从感染柑橘速衰病毒 (CTV)强株系和弱株系的墨西哥酸橙病株中检测到一种相对分子质量约为 130 0 0的特异蛋白 ,而在健株中未能检测到 ,该蛋白电泳谱带没有差异 .应用 Western印迹技术进一步分析表明 ,这种蛋白不与 CTV特异的多克隆抗体10 52和 3DF1单克隆抗体反应 .这暗示着该蛋白是墨西哥酸橙在 CTV侵染胁迫条件下编码产生的一种病程相关蛋白 .研究结果也表明 ,应用 SDS- PAGE方法检测这一特异蛋白 ,可作为诊断墨西哥酸橙植株感染 CTV的一种有效的分子生物学辅助检测方法 相似文献
14.
不同年份及地点对大豆子粒蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用1987—1989年吉林省大豆区域试验中5个地点种植的4个大豆品种(系)品质化验分析结果,统计分析了不同年份及不同栽培地点对大豆子粒蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响。统计分析结果表明,大豆子粒蛋白质和脂肪含量受年份及地点的影响显著、年份与地点综合效应所致大豆蛋白质、脂肪和蛋白质+脂肪含量的变化幅度分别为X±1.586%、X±0.706%和X±1.156%;其中地点效应大于年份效应。 相似文献
15.
16.
Identification of HTLV-III/LAV sor gene product and detection of antibodies in human sera 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
N C Kan G Franchini F Wong-Staal G C DuBois W G Robey J A Lautenberger T S Papas 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,231(4745):1553-1555
The nucleotide sequence of the genome of HTLV-III, the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predicts a small open reading frame, termed sor, located between the pol and env genes. A DNA segment containing 82 percent of the sor region was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJL6, to determine whether sor encodes a viral protein and to gain some insight into its possible function. The bacterially synthesized sor protein reacted with sera from individuals infected with HTLV-III, indicating that sor is expressed as a protein product or products that are immunogenic in vivo. Antibodies to the purified, bacterially synthesized sor protein were found to react specifically with the same protein and also with a protein of molecular weight 23,000 (23K) in HTLV-III-infected H9 cell extracts. The 23K protein comigrated with a protein immunoprecipitated by the serum of a hemophiliac patient with antibodies to HTLV-III, suggesting that this protein is probably the sor gene product. 相似文献
17.
[目的]研究利用植物蛋白制备可食肠衣膜的技术方法,并对蛋白膜理化性质进行分析比较,优选更适合制备肠衣的蛋白膜。[方法]以天然植物蛋白(玉米醇溶蛋白、大豆分离蛋白)为原料,适当加入添加剂甘油、谷氨酰胺转氨酶等,增强延展性和柔韧性,分别采用机械挤压法和流延法制备植物蛋白肠衣膜。以质构仪穿刺数据为评价指标,比较不同工艺条件对肠衣膜强度的影响,并对比2种植物蛋白肠衣膜的理化性质。[结果]谷氨酰胺转氨酶酶解后流延法制备的大豆分离蛋白肠衣膜的蛋白含量、含水率以及穿刺强度分别达到70.2%、11.8%以及0.632 kg,各项指标高于挤压法制备的玉米醇溶蛋白肠衣膜。[结论]大豆分离蛋白较玉米醇溶蛋白更适合制备成肠衣膜。 相似文献
18.
Servant G Weiner OD Herzmark P Balla T Sedat JW Bourne HR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5455):1037-1040
Morphologic polarity is necessary for chemotaxis of mammalian cells. As a probe of intracellular signals responsible for this asymmetry, the pleckstrin homology domain of the AKT protein kinase (or protein kinase B), tagged with the green fluorescent protein (PHAKT-GFP), was expressed in neutrophils. Upon exposure of cells to chemoattractant, PHAKT-GFP is recruited selectively to membrane at the cell's leading edge, indicating an internal signaling gradient that is much steeper than that of the chemoattractant. Translocation of PHAKT-GFP is inhibited by toxin-B from Clostridium difficile, indicating that it requires activity of one or more Rho guanosine triphosphatases. 相似文献
19.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of a green fluorescent protein mutant at single-molecule resolution has revealed a remarkable oscillatory behavior that can also be driven by applied fields. We show that immediately before unfolding, several periodic oscillations among the chemical substates of the protein chromophore occur. We also show that applied alternating electric or acoustic fields, when tuned to the protein characteristic frequencies, give rise to strong resonance effects. 相似文献
20.
Oligodendrocyte adhesion activates protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of myelin basic protein 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
When isolated adult oligodendrocytes adhere to a substratum myelinogenesis occurs. Investigation of the mechanism by which this happens indicated that the oligodendrocyte-substratum interaction activated protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and promoted the synthesis of myelin basic protein. In addition, when agents that activate protein kinase C (second messenger diacylglycerol or a tumor-promoting phorbol ester) were added to nonattached oligodendrocytes, they mimicked the influence of the substratum by inducing phosphorylation of myelin basic protein; and reagents that increase cellular adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) inhibited phosphorylation of myelin basic protein. Thus, at least in vitro, the interaction between oligodendrocytes and the substratum may mediate myelinogenic events, and phosphorylation of myelin basic protein may be an early requirement in the sequence of steps that ultimately results in myelin formation. 相似文献