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典型城市化地区蔬菜重金属的累积特征与健康风险研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
工业化和城市化带来的重金属污染对环境质量、食品安全、人体健康及社会经济可持续发展构成严重威胁和挑战。为了掌握典型城市化区域蔬菜生产的重金属污染特征与食用健康风险,从而为快速城市化区域的农业实践提供依据,本研究选取珠三角电镀、染织等工业密集典型城市化区域的蔬菜和土壤为研究对象,通过采集蔬菜和表层土壤样品,使用单因子污染评价和内梅罗综合污染指数法对蔬菜样品中Cd、Ni、Cr、As、Pb 5种重金属进行污染评价,使用目标危害商数法进行健康风险评价。研究发现,该地区菜地土壤存在Cd污染。研究区蔬菜中重金属的富集吸收能力为Cd > Ni > Cr > As > Pb,叶菜类对Cd的富集最多,豆角类对Ni的富集较多。单因子污染评价结果显示蔬菜中重金属超标率按大小排序为Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb=As,Ni、Cr和Cd超标率分别为10.53%、2.63%和1.32%,Pb和As均未超标;综合污染指数的评价显示叶菜类样品处于轻度污染水平,豆角类处于中度污染水平,瓜类尚未受到重金属污染。健康风险评价结果表明,叶菜类和豆角类的综合目标危害商数（TTHQ）均大于1,长期食用叶菜类和豆角类会对健康造成影响,成人和儿童的综合目标危害商数排序均为叶菜类 > 豆角类 > 瓜类,儿童摄食蔬菜的重金属健康风险高于成人。总体来说,研究区蔬菜重金属健康风险基本处于可接受范围,但叶菜类Cd和豆角类Ni造成的健康风险需引起重视。 相似文献
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河南省大气重金属沉降高风险区蔬菜重金属含量及健康风险评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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重金属对典型富铁土吸持磷的影响的动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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综述巴基斯坦农田土壤污水灌溉技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves. Edible parts of vegetables (fruits and/or leaves) accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain. 相似文献
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Heavy Metals Contamination in Vegetables Grown in Urban and Metal Smelter Contaminated Sites in Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dietary exposure to heavy metals, namely cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), has been identified as a risk to human health through the consumption of vegetable crops. This study investigates the source and magnitude of heavy metal contamination in soil and vegetable samples at 46 sites across four vegetable growing regions in New South Wales, Australia. The four regions Boolaroo, Port Kembla, Cowra and the Sydney Basin were a mix of commercial and residential vegetable growing areas. The extent of metal contamination in soils sampled was greatest in regions located in the vicinity of smelters, such as in Boolaroo and Port Kembla. Soil metal concentrations decreased with depth at these two sites, suggesting contamination due to anthropogenic activities. Cadmium, Pb and Zn contamination was greatest in vegetables from Boolaroo, and Cu concentrations were greatest in vegetables sampled from Port Kembla. At Boolaroo, nearly all the samples exceeded the Australian Food Standards maximum level (ML) (0.01 mg kg?1 fresh weight) of Cd and Pb in vegetables. Over 63% of samples exceeded international food standard guidelines set by the Commission of the European Communities and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. All vegetables sampled from Cowra, which is a relatively pristine site had Cd and Pb levels below the Australian and international food standards guideline values. This study suggests that the Australian guideline values are more conservative in defining the ML for Cd and Pb in vegetable crops. This investigation highlights the increased danger of growing vegetables in the vicinity of smelters. 相似文献
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利用煤矸石、油菜秸秆等废弃资源为原料,按（煤矸石：腐熟秸秆）体积比为2：8、3：7、4：6、5：5和6：4的比例配制成5种混合基质,在人工光照室内以盆栽的方法栽培白菜、生菜、苋菜、菠菜、茄子、番茄、辣椒和萝卜8种蔬菜,采用尼梅罗综合污染指数和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对5种混合基质以及其上生长的8种蔬菜的重金属污染和潜在生态风险进行了综合评价。结果表明,5种混合基质中,煤矸石含量较少的T1、T2、T3基质的重金属污染程度较小,潜在生态风险程度较低,在这3种基质上栽种的蔬菜重金属综合污染评价等级为优良或安全,符合蔬菜绿色食品标准。重金属对混合基质产生的污染中,Cd和Hg是主要的重金属污染及潜在生态风险因子,其他重金属的污染能力较小。另外,在评价由煤矸石为无机原料组成的有机生态型无土栽培基质的重金属污染及潜在生态风险时,应选择国家土壤环境质量一级标准作为参比值,且煤矸石在混合基质中所占的体积比一般不应超过1/2。 相似文献
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重金属污染农田安全利用:进展与展望 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
我国耕地土壤污染面积广,污染情况复杂,农产品重金属超标问题已经关系到国计民生。常用的物理化学修复方法成本高,不适用于大面积的中低污染农田。植物提取修复方法成本低,环境友好,但修复时间长,推广困难。总的来讲,基于重金属移除的诸技术在解决农田重金属污染方面还没有太大优势。相较而言,农田安全利用在不移除或缓慢移除土壤重金属的条件下,以生产安全农产品为目标,具有更加坚实的现实意义和推广价值。种植低吸收农作物是安全利用的重要措施,基因工程手段在低吸收农作物品种筛选中具有巨大的潜力,但其可能带来的生态环境风险使得这些通过基因工程得到的低吸收作物的田间种植面临着巨大挑战。土壤添加剂可以改变土壤重金属形态,降低重金属的生物有效性,但会对土壤质量产生影响。微生物尤其是土著微生物的利用越发受到关注,改变微生物的生存环境与基因工程手段能够强化微生物的钝化效果。施肥、水分管理、间作等农艺措施也能改变土壤重金属的形态,抑制作物对重金属的吸收。未来以加强推广为目的,多种技术手段的联合应用是重金属污染农田安全利用的重要发展方向,其中以生物技术为核心的利用模式具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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Zhaoxiang Han Ning Wang Hailiang Zhang Xingyu Yang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(2):119-125
Environmental pollution due to uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities has been reported in a number of locations in China. In this study, heavy metal pollution from primitive e-waste processing facilities was investigated. The pollution is due to high concentrations of metals present in the surrounding soils and vegetables. The highest enrichment factor values due to e-waste wastewater and waste discharges were found at Anqiaotou Village and Beian Village. Vegetables from the vicinity of the e-waste processing sites were found to have higher heavy metal pollution index values in comparison with those from the background site. The bioaccessibilities of heavy metals were decreased in the order of Cd?>?Pb?>?Sn?>?Zn?>?Ni?>?Cr. The e-waste processing site was badly polluted by Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cr, with its pollution level decreased in the following order: Cd?>?Pb?>?Cr?>?Ni?>?Zn?>?Sn. Additionally, the greatest risk among six metals in the e-waste processing areas is caused by Cd and Pb. The risks associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables grown in e-waste processing regions may be a potential health concern. 相似文献
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长期集约化耕作导致中国设施土壤重金属累积和面源污染风险增加的状况已引起广泛关注。该研究总结了中国设施土壤重金属累积状况及其来源,发现长期盲目投入肥料及农药是引发设施菜田土壤重金属累积问题的主要原因。目前,设施土壤重金属累积呈现出广泛性和中轻度污染特征,其中镉是主要的污染元素。遵循面源污染治理中“源头预控-过程阻断-末端修复”原则,基于国内外文献综述,该文总结归纳出适用于设施土壤重金属累积特征与污染的联合阻控技术及作用机制。首先在灌溉和肥药投入等源头环节减少重金属输入;其次在作物种植过程中,通过选用重金属低积累特性的蔬菜种类或品种,结合水肥一体化施用大分子有机水溶性肥料或叶面喷施具有阻控重金属作用的营养型阻控剂,抑制作物吸收重金属;最后在末端修复环节,利用具有多元功能的土壤改良剂或微生物菌剂进行土壤钝化修复,或采用具有超重金属富集能力且能提高设施土壤生物多样性的植物作为填闲作物,实现生物修复的目标。该联合阻控技术的原则在于协同考虑污染防治、土壤改良、减肥增效等农学和环境目标,集成土壤修复与改良、水肥一体化、填闲作物栽培等技术,并兼顾设施土壤重金属污染修复工程所面临的投入品成本较高、经济效益不明显、缺失可持续改良导致效果不稳定等问题,优推能够钝化重金属并改良土壤的多功能土壤改良剂以及具有阻控重金属吸收、提高作物抗逆性的多功能有机水溶性肥料。上述措施能解决设施土壤普遍存在的重金属累积问题,提升土壤的安全生产能力,可为设施农业可持续发展提供更有效的技术支撑。 相似文献
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南方典型设施蔬菜生产系统镉和汞累积的健康风险 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取南京市典型设施蔬菜生产系统为研究对象,研究了设施土壤-蔬菜系统中镉和汞的累积特征,评价了不同类型蔬菜中镉和汞的暴露风险,提出了基于健康风险的设施菜地土壤镉和汞的环境质量基准。结果表明:(1)设施菜地表层土壤中镉和汞产生了明显累积,且土壤汞的平均含量超过了温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准;(2)叶菜类蔬菜对镉和汞的富集能力最强,部分叶菜中的镉和汞含量超过了食品中污染物限量标准;(3)研究区有约21.2%的蔬菜具有镉的潜在人体摄入风险,蔬菜中汞的风险概率约为1%,不同蔬菜镉和汞的人体摄入风险排序为叶菜根茎茄果;(4)不同蔬菜类型土壤镉和汞的环境质量基准值差异较大,因此在今后的标准修订时可考虑针对不同蔬菜类型分别制定设施菜地土壤重金属环境质量基准。 相似文献
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对巢湖湖区不同位点的表层沉积物中的Fe、Cr、Pb、Cu、Co、Zn、Ni7种重金属含量进行的分析表明,湖泊沉积物中重金属含量分布呈现一定的区域特征,由于巢湖西半湖靠近合肥市区,大量的工业废水和生活污水通过河道排入巢湖,引起西半湖区中重金属含量高于东半湖区。采用富集因子法和地积累指数法对巢湖沉积物重金属污染现状进行了评价,结果表明,巢湖沉积物中存在Pb、Cu污染,个别地区已相当严重,并呈现沿湖心区至东半湖区逐渐降低趋势。研究表明,两种方法均能对人为污染行为做出较为科学的评价,且两种方法得到的评价结果基本一致。由于重金属元素有很强的毒性,并且能够在食物链中传递,有关部门应及早从流域环境综合规划入手,对重金属污染问题采取有力的控制对策,保护沿湖地区居民免受危害。此外,对巢湖表层沉积物中重金属污染物来源进行了初步分析,据分析结果判断,巢湖沉积物中重金属总量Co、Fe、Cr的来源相似,Zn和Cu的来源相似。 相似文献
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Transfer of Heavy Metals from Soils to Vegetables and Associated Human Health Risks at Selected Sites in Pakistan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zahir Ur REHMAN Sardar KHAN Mohammad Tahir SHAH Mark L. BRUSSEAU Said Akbar KHAN Jon MAINHAGU 《土壤圈》2018,28(4):666-679
Contamination of the food chain with heavy metals is considered as one of the major environmental pathways of human exposure to metals leading to potential health risks. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) in agricultural soils and food crops (fruit, leaf, and root vegetables), and their associated health risks to the local population in selected southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The concentrations of the selected metals in soil varied over a wide range, in the following decreasing order: Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu. The bioaccumulation of metals in vegetables was within the permissible risk limits, except for Cr which showed higher contamination in all the tested food crops. The trend of metal transfer factors for different vegetables was in the order of Cu > Ni > Cr > Mn > Zn, while the calculated daily intake of metals (DIM) in adults and children through consumption of food crops was in the decreasing order of Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu. The health risk index (HRI) values for the heavy metals for both adults and children were less than 1. Therefore, no significant health risk is anticipated for the local consumers through ingestion of these food crops. 相似文献
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《Geoderma》2005,124(1-2):63-71
The objective of the study was to assess the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination of arable soils of the Damascus Ghouta, an area with intensive agricultural production. We examined the present degree and spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in 51 soil profiles and in 22 topsoil samples in the Damascus Ghouta. The soils were digested with aqua regia for heavy metal analysis. Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations in the topsoils exhibited anthropogenic increased values. The major sources for the heavy metal contamination in Damascus city are most possibly emissions from vehicles. These emissions transported by air and sewage water together with household and industrial sewage effluents have been considered to be responsible for the increased heavy metal concentrations found in the soils of the central Barada area. However, the values were in most cases below tolerable values of soil for agricultural use. Cr concentrations up to 1800 mg kg−1 were found near a tannery industrial estate. Concerning the health risk of the population bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals seems to be of minor importance, based on the soil properties found in the study area. However, direct ingestion of soil, e.g., by children and inhalation of dust may contribute largely to the accumulation of heavy metal in human and livestock. 相似文献
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城市化对上海土壤环境质量的影响 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
Heavy metal contents in the soils in the Baoshan District of Shanghai were monitored to evaluate the risk of soil environmental quality degradation due to rapid urbanization and to reveal the ways of heavy metal accumulation in soil during rapid urban sprawl. It was found that the soils in this district were commonly contaminated by Pb, Zn and Cd. Evaluated with a geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the rate of Pb contamination in soils was 100% with 59% of these graded as moderate-severe or severe; Zn contamination reached 59% with 6% graded as moderate-severe or severe; and Cd contamination was over 50%, with one site graded as moderate-severe and another severe-extremely severe. Metal contamination of soils around the Shanghai metropolis was mainly attributed to trame, industrial production, wastewater irrigation and improper disposal of solid wastes. Because of continuing urbanization, the cultivated land around the metropolis should be comprehensively planned and carefully managed. Also the soil environmental quality of vegetable production bases in this area should be monitored regularly, with vegetables to be grown selected according to the degrees and types of soil contamination. 相似文献
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内外生菌根真菌对重金属的耐受性及机理 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
本文从内外生菌根真菌对重金属的耐受性和耐受机理,以及将菌根真菌作为重金属污染程度的生物指示剂和重金属生物修复等方面对菌根真菌和重金属的相互作用作了较全面的论述。重金属对生物圈的污染是一个严重的环境和健康问题。某些内外生菌根真菌对重金属具有耐受性。菌根真菌菌丝能与金属相结合而限制它们向菌根植物地上部迁移,从而可达到植物稳定和保护植物免遭重金属毒害的目的。内外生菌根真菌对重金属的耐受性因菌种、重金属种类和浓度、与宿主植物共生与否以及所生长的土壤条件等而异,同时种内菌株之间也有差异。菌根真菌通过离子交换,络合物的形成,沉淀或结晶化作用等方式获得对重金属的耐受性,其子实体内重金属含量,繁殖体密度和侵染势可作为重金属污染程度的生物指示剂。 相似文献
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小麦根际Cr(Ⅵ)的还原 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) was studied in a fresh wheat rhizosphere soil (kuroboku, high humic Andosol) pretreated with a basal fertilizer consisting of (NH4)2SO4, P2O5 and KH2PO4 and with K2Cr2O7 by using a rhizobox system. The rhizosphere exerted a positive effect on Cr(Ⅵ) reduction. Part of the reason was the decrease of pH in the rhizosphere due to application of (NH4)2SO4, implying that application of physiologically acid fertilizers would reduce Cr(Ⅵ) toxicity to plants. 相似文献
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施肥与土壤健康质量论施肥对环境的影响（3） 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23
就施肥与土壤健康质量而言,有机肥的问题比无机肥的更严重。无机的N肥、K肥是化学晶体,比较洁净,导致污染的可能性不大。国产P矿为原料的P肥和钙镁磷肥的Cd含量也较低,但进口的磷矿粉以进口P矿为原料的P肥的Cd含量较高,是无机肥料对人畜健康的主要危险。有机肥有病原微生物,有机毒物及重金属污染的问题。从生态安全和充分利用自然资源看,有机堆肥、污泥堆肥是必须开发利用的。因其使用量特别大,所含污染物的危险性也就较大。制定相应的法规和有机肥产品的质量标准进行监督和控制是紧要的任务。建议其产品主要应用在林木、草坪、花草及木本经济作物上,蔬菜和一年生的粮食作物上应慎用。 相似文献
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Investigation of heavy metal concentrations on urban soils,dust and vegetables nearby a former smelter site in Mortagne du Nord,Northern France 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Francis Douay Hélène Roussel Hervé Fourrier Christophe Heyman Gaëlle Chateau 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(3):143-146
Environmental situations near former industrial sites like Mortagne du Nord (Northern France) in which the soil, dust and homegrown vegetables have been contaminated by heavy metals can represent a sanitary risk to the surrounding population. In order to evaluate the contamination level in different exposition media in this site, 26 urban topsoils, 17 dust and 38 vegetable samples were taken near the former zinc smelter site. All the observed levels on urban soil samples (except one) are over regional agricultural reference values for Cd and Pb. 45 % of the vegetable samples are over the European foodstuff limits and one dust sample taken in the school playground outdoor tarmac area exceeds the French limit in dust set up at 1,000 μg m?2 for Pb. The Cd and Pb levels fluctuate depending on the use of the ground (kitchen garden, lawn, courtyard) and its location. The lack of simple correlations between the distance from the former smelter site and the Pb concentrations on sampled soils let us think that human activities contributed in the local urban contamination. In this context, who is now responsible for the soil contamination and the human exposure? 相似文献