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1.
河北省地方水（陆）稻品种抗病虫性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对河北省地方水、陆品种抗两病两虫性进行了鉴定,并在此基础上分析了抗稻瘟病、抗白叶枯、抗褐稻虱、抗白背飞虱品种的分布情况。对抗性频度较高的抗稻瘟病性、抗白叶枯病性从水、陆稻,熟期,不同稻作区等方面作了详细研究。结果表明：抗稻瘟病、白叶枯病品种频度高,分别为45.86%和50.34%,高抗率仅为0.75%和2.05%,抗率分别为24.81%和15.75%;抗褐稻虱、白背飞虱品种频度很低,分别为4.51%和3.34%,高抗褐稻虱品种2个,无抗至高抗白背飞虱品种。抗稻瘟病、白叶枯种质频度和强度均是陆稻高于水稻。纬度、海拔高,气候寒冷的张家口、承德两市稻瘟病抗性强度低;唐山、秦皇岛两市抗性强度高;冀南零星种植亚区抗性强度最高。抗白叶枯病种质分布规律是随着纬度的增加,温热条件的降低呈递减趋势。 相似文献
2.
广西稻飞虱发生程度的气象预测预警 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
稻飞虱是影响广西水稻最严重的害虫,其发生发展与气象条件关系十分密切,为探索气象条件与稻飞虱发生程度的关系,进而开展稻飞虱发生程度的预测预警。笔者利用1991—2008年广西64个农业病虫测报站和对应县市的气象台站资料,对早稻稻飞虱发生等级与各项气象因子单因子做相关分析,找出具有生物学意义且指示性强的主要气象因子作为建模备选因子,采用逐步回归分析方法,构建早稻稻飞虱发生程度的预测预警模型,并对模型进行历史回代及2009—2012年的独立样本预测试报检验。结果表明：通过历史回代检验,早稻稻飞虱发生气象等级的模型与实测值达到基本一致,为89%;独立样本预测试报的模型预测检验结果达到基本一致以上,为75%,模型总体效果良好,其预测预警可为相关部门及时制定稻飞虱防控对策提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
Summary The inheritance of resistance to white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera
Horvath, was investigated in a rice, Oryza sativa L., cultivar N22. Resistance to the white-backed planthopper in the cross IR30×N22 appears to be governed by a single dominant gene-designated Wbph. The classification for various characteristics of 397 F3 families of the IR30×N22 cross confirmed earlier results about the monogenic dominant control of resistance to brown planthopper, green leafhopper, and bacterial leaf blight, and about the monogenic recessive control of short stature. Additionally, the genes governing plant height and resistance to white-backed planthopper, brown planthopper, green leafhopper, and bacterial leaf blight were found to segregate independently of each other in these 397 F3 families. 相似文献
4.
为探讨云南丰富生态地理环境中稻种资源稻飞虱抗性多样性的分布规律,观察分析了3703份稻种资源（1561份稻褐飞虱和2142份稻白背飞虱）的稻飞虱抗性多样性在云南不同气候类型、海拔、日照时数、气温、降水量和稻作区划中的地理分布和差异表现。结果表明,稻飞虱抗性多样性富集程度较高的地区在云南省滇中西部的保山市（龙陵县、施甸县、昌宁县、隆阳区、腾冲市）、大理白族自治州（漾鼻县、永平县）和楚雄彝族自治州（永仁县、双柏县、武定县）。气候类型、海拔、日照时数、气温和降水量是影响稻种资源稻飞虱抗性多样性的主要因素,稻飞虱抗性多样性富聚的气候类型为南亚热带和中亚热带、海拔600.1~800.0m、日照时数1600.1~1900.0h、年均气温13.1℃~15.0℃、年均降水量1100.1~1300.0mm。此外,筛选了11份值得研究利用的优异双抗虫稻种资源。 相似文献
5.
Lixia Wang Yuan Guan Rongxia Guan Yinghui Li Yansong Ma Zhimin Dong Xian Liu Haiyan Zhang Yueqiang Zhang Zhangxiong Liu Ruzhen Chang Haiming Xu Linhai Li Fanyun Lin Weijiang Luan Zhe Yan Xuecheng Ning Li Zhu Yanhua Cui Rihua Piao Yan Liu Pengying Chen Lijuan Qiu 《Euphytica》2006,151(2):215-223
It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development. 相似文献
6.
Genetic effects determining rice grain weight and grain density 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K. A. Gravois 《Euphytica》1992,64(3):161-165
Summary Increasing grain weight is one means of increasing rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yields. Selection for increased density of filled grains may offer an approach to increasing rice grain weight. Before rice breeding programs can begin effectively selecting for higher grain density, the nature and amount of the genetic variation present must be evaluated. A Design II mating plant with two sets was constructed using 16 parents. The 16 parents were representative of cultivars and elite breeding material available to breeders of long-grain rice in the southern U.S. The parents and 32 F1 hybrids were evaluated in 1990 at two Arkansas locations: Stuttgart and Marianna. Additive variation was essentially zero for grain density as indicated by nonsignificant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares and a narrowsense heritability estimate –0.04 (±0.07). Increasing rice grain weight through increased grain density would not be feasible in U.S. southern long-grain rice unless new germplasm with higher filled grain densities is introduced. Genetic variation for grain weight was predominately additive and complemented with additive x additive epistatic variation, indicating that selection for increased grain weight could be practiced in segregating generations. The small proportion of epistatic variation to additive variation would not justify delaying selection until epistatic combinations are fixed in the homozygous line. Midparent grain weight means would serve as an adequate indicator of progeny performance for cross appraisal.Abbreviations GCA
General Combining Ability
- SCA
Specific Combining Ability 相似文献
7.
8.
Homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA with enhanced resistance to the rice sap-sucking pest Laodelphax striatellus 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing snowdrop lectin, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), were investigated for resistance to the rice small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, an important rice sap‐sucking pest causing yield losses and serving as vector for some important rice viruses. Insect bioassay results revealed that both the GNA‐expressing homozygous lines tested significantly inhibited SBPH by decreasing its survival, its overall fecundity and retarding development. This is the first report on homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA conferring enhanced resistance to SBPH. This result suggests that transgenic rice expressing GNA will be useful in rice pest resistance breeding, as an alternative to conventional breeding for the control of SBPH, and potentially alleviating damage caused by the viruses it transmits. 相似文献
9.
浙江省天台县晚稻褐飞虱发生关键因子分析与逐步回归预测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
运用浙江省天台县病虫观测站1969-2009年的测报历史资料进行了晚稻褐飞虱发生关键因子筛选与回归预测研究。结果表明：影响褐飞虱主害代发生量的关键因子主要是上一代褐飞虱的发生量、2-3代灯下诱虫量、水稻前期的田间发生率。逐步回归研究结果,连作晚稻9月下旬褐飞虱发生量(Y1)逐步回归方程Y1 = -8.9742 -0.2484X1 +0.5705X3 -0.4806X4 +0.0309X9 +0.24205X10;连作晚稻10月下旬褐飞虱发生量(Y2)逐步回归方程Y2=0.74638+0.3303X1 -0.28X2 -1.3136X3 + 1.7233X4 -0.2762X10+0.7946X11;单季稻8月下旬褐飞虱田间发生量(Y3)逐步回归方程Y3 = 4.1037 +0.64817X2-1.564X4+ 1.4128X6 + 0.1762X - 0.0238X8 +0.0752X9; 单季稻9月下旬褐飞虱发生量(Y4)逐步回归方程Y4=2.2717 +0.3217X1 -0.4132X2+ 0.3418X4 +0.3458X5 + 0.6962X10;逐步回归方程可作为褐飞虱发生趋势中短期预报应用,在生产应用过程中,应注意结合水稻当家品种的抗虫性变化和主治药剂防治效果与抗药性变化等情况作适当调整。 相似文献
10.
Sang-Nag Ahn Yeon-Kyu Kim Ha-Cheol Hong Seong-Sook Han Soo-Jin Kwon Hae-Chune Choi Huhn-Pal Moon Susan R. McCouch 《Euphytica》2000,116(1):17-22
A single dominant blast resistance gene conferring resistance to a Korean rice blast isolate was identified in rice variety
`Suweon 365'. We report the chromosomal localization and molecular mapping of this blast resistance gene designated as Pi-18, which confers resistance to Korean isolate `KI-313' of the blast pathogen. To know whether there is a relationship among
genes conditioning resistance to location-specific isolates of the blast pathogen and thereby to identify linked markers to
resistance gene for isolate KI-313 collected in Korea, RFLP markers previously reported to be linked to major blast resistance
genes in different rice germplasm and other markers mapped to nearby regions were surveyed for polymorphism between a resistant
(`Suweon 365') and a susceptible (`Chucheongbyeo') parent. Linkage associations of the RFLP markers with the resistance gene
were verified using an F2 and F3 segregating population of known blast reaction. RFLP analysis showed that Pi-18 was located near the end of chromosome 11, linked to a single copy clone RZ536 at a distance of 5.4 centiMorgans (cM) and
that this gene was different from Pi-1(t). An allelism test revealed that this gene was also different from Pi-k. Currently, a combination of RAPD and microsatellite primers is being employed to find additional markers in this region.
Tightly linked DNA markers will facilitate selection for resistant genotypes in breeding programs and provide the basis for
map based cloning of this new blast resistance gene.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Assessment of genetic diversity within and among Basmati and non-Basmati rice varieties using AFLP,ISSR and SSR markers 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Molecular markers provide novel tools to differentiate between the various grades of Basmati rice, maintain fair-trade practices and to determine its relationship with other rice groups in Oryza sativa. We have evaluated the genetic diversity and patterns of relationships among the 18 rice genotypes representative of the traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati and non-Basmati (indica and japonica) rice varieties using AFLP, ISSR and SSR markers. All the three marker systems generated higher levels of polymorphism and could distinguish between all the 18 rice cultivars. The minimum number of assay-units per system needed to distinguish between all the cultivars was one for AFLP, two for ISSR and five for SSR. A total of 171 (110 polymorphic), 240 (188 polymorphic) and 160 (159 polymorphic) bands were detected using five primer combinations of AFLP, 25 UBC ISSR primers and 30 well distributed, mapped SSR markers, respectively. The salient features of AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data analyzed using clustering algorithms, principal component analysis, Mantel test and AMOVA analysis are as given below: (i) the two traditional Basmati rice varieties were genetically distinct from indica and japonica rice varieties and invariably formed a separate cluster, (ii) the six Basmati varieties developed from various indica × Basmati rice crosses and backcrosses were grouped variably depending upon the marker system employed; CSR30 and Super being more closer to traditional Basmati followed by HKR228, Kasturi, Pusa Basmati 1 and Sabarmati, (iii) AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data-sets showed moderate levels of positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.42–0.50), and (iv) the partitioning of the variance among and within rice groups (traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati, indica and japonica) using AMOVA showed greater variation among than within groups using SSR data-set, while reverse was true for both ISSR and AFLP data-sets. The study emphasizes the need for using a combination of different marker systems for a comprehensive genetic analysis of Basmati rice germplasm. The high-level polymorphism generated by SSR, ISSR and AFLP assays described in this study shall provide novel markers to differentiate between traditional Basmati rice supplies from cheaper cross-bred Basmati and long-grain non-Basmati varieties at commercial level.The first two authors have equal contribution 相似文献
12.
为探究粳稻种质资源遗传多样性,提高粳稻育种组合选配的针对性和育种效率,通过变异系数、遗传多样性指数、聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析、二维排序分析和逐步回归分析方法对不同生态区80份粳稻种质资源的8个表型性状的多样性水平进行了分析。结果表明：8个表型性状的变异系数为11.06%~36.97%,其中,千粒重的变异系数最小,每穗总粒数的变异系数最大;8个表型性状的遗传多样性指数为1.54~2.06,其中,单株有效穗数的遗传多样性指数最高,结实率的遗传多样性指数最低;在欧式距离9.0处,可将80份参试材料分为4类,各类表型性状差异明显;根据主成分分析和综合评价结果,80份粳稻种质资源中贵州的毕大香6号综合性状排名第1位,同时筛选到每穗实粒数、千粒重、株高、穗长和单株有效穗数性状可作为粳稻种质资源综合评价的关键指标;利用主成分二维排序分析筛选到矮秆、大穗、分蘖能力强及结实率高的4类优异种质资源,结合二维排序结果,大方晚糯是在二维排序重叠种质,可作为育种中间材料。同时基于主成分构建了粳稻种质资源的综合评价方程。 相似文献
13.
对观赏稻进行了新的定义,并赋予其新的内涵,阐述了观赏稻与普通稻在种植目的、农艺性状和应用途径等方面的差异以及作为园艺花卉的优势,从静态、动态以及观赏多点组合和颜色搭配等方面分析了观赏稻的观赏特性;综述了观赏稻研究及应用现状,并针对目前观赏稻品种资源匮乏、种质创新不足、研究内容不系统、观赏价值评价体系缺乏、应用途径单一等问题,提出了应加强观赏稻种资源收集、评价和保护,加大种质资源创新力度,完善品种审（认）定办法,加快栽培技术和色泽变化机理等研究,制定科学的观赏价值评价体系,挖掘观赏稻潜力,拓展应用途径等建议。 相似文献
14.
Kuljit Kaur Cheema Navtej S. Bains Gurjit S. Mangat Aparna Das Yogesh Vikal Darshan S. Brar Gurdev S. Khush Kuldeep Singh 《Euphytica》2008,160(3):401-409
Modern rice varieties that ushered in the green revolution brought about dramatic increase in rice production worldwide but
at the cost of genetic diversity at the farmers’ fields. The wild species germplasm can be used for broadening the genetic
base and improving productivity. Mining of alleles at productivity QTL from related wild species under simultaneous backcrossing
and evaluation, accompanied by molecular marker analysis has emerged as an effective plant breeding strategy for utilization
of wild species germplasm. In the present study, a limited backcross strategy was used to introgress QTL associated with yield
and yield components from Oryza rufipogon (acc. IRGC 105491) to cultivated rice, O. sativa cv IR64. A set of 12 BC2F6 progenies, selected from among more than 100 BC2F5 progenies were evaluated for yield and yield components. For plant height, days to 50% flowering and tillers/plant, the introgression
lines did not show any significant change compared to the recurrent parent IR64. For yield, 9 of the 12 introgression lines
showed significantly higher yield (19–38%) than the recurrent parent IR64. Four of these lines originating from a common lineage
showed higher yield due to increase in grain weight and another three also from a common lineage showed yield increase due
to increase in grain number per panicle. For analyzing the introgression at molecular level all the 12 lines were analyzed
for 259 polymorphic SSR markers. Of the total 259 SSR markers analyzed, only 18 (7.0%) showed introgression from O. rufipogon for chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 11. Graphical genotypes have been prepared for each line and association between the introgression
regions and the traits that increased yield is reported. Based on marker trait association it appears that some of the QTL
are stable across the environments and genetic backgrounds and can be exploited universally. 相似文献
15.
K.K. Jena I.C. Pasalu Y.K. Rao Y. Varalaxmi K. Krishnaiah G.S. Khush G. Kochert 《Euphytica》2003,129(1):81-88
An introgression line derived from an interspecific cross between Oryzasativa and Oryza officinalis, IR54741-3-21-22 was found to beresistant to an Indian biotype of brown planthopper (BPH). Genetic analysisof 95 F3 progeny rows of a cross between the resistant lineIR54741-3-21-22 and a BPH susceptible line revealed that resistance wascontrolled by a single dominant gene. A comprehensive RAPD analysisusing 275 decamer primers revealed a low level of (7.1%) polymorphismbetween the parents.RAPD polymorphisms were either co-dominant (6.9%), dominant forresistant parental fragments (9.1%) or dominant for susceptible parentalfragments (11.6%). Of the 19 co-dominant markers, one primer,OPA16, amplified a resistant parental band in the resistant bulk and asusceptible parental band in the susceptible bulk by bulked segregantanalysis. RAPD analysis of individual F2 plants with the primerOPA16 showed marker-phenotype co-segregation for all, with only onerecombinant being identified. The linkage between the RAPD markerOPA16938 and the BPH resistance gene was 0.52 cM in couplingphase. The 938 bp RAPD amplicon was cloned and used as a probe on122 Cla I digested doubled haploid (DH) plants from aIR64xAzucena mapping population for RFLP inheritance analysis and wasmapped onto rice chromosome 11. The OPA16938 RAPD markercould be used in a cost effective way for marker-assisted selection of BPHresistant rice genotypes in rice breeding programs. 相似文献
16.
麦田灰飞虱种群空间分布型及抽样技术探讨 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
灰飞虱不仅直接为害水稻、大小麦,还是水稻条纹叶枯病、黑条矮缩病的主要媒介。了解灰飞虱在越冬作物大小麦田的分布特证和合适的抽样技术,可以为春季防治灰飞虱从而控制水稻病毒病的发生流行发挥重要作用。为此笔者进行了麦田灰飞虱种群分布调查,并采用扩散型指标法和Iwao回归法测定了浙江北部大小麦田灰飞虱的空间分布型。结果表明：麦田灰飞虱成虫、若虫和成若虫田间分布趋于聚集分布,其聚集原因主要是由灰飞虱生物学特性和环境因素引起的。根据空间分布型的参数,建立了理论抽样数模型为n1=1172.84/ —X +37.46,n2=293.21/ —X +9.36,n3=130.3/ —X +4.16,适用于不同虫口密度下的田间抽样。在每样方虫口密度5、10和15头以上时,分别取样70、40和20个样方。研究结果为准确抽样调查和防治提供了科学依据 相似文献
17.
Summary Five hundred F3 lines derived from the cross TN1/IR2061-464-6 were examined for the nature of endosperm and resistance to bacterial blight, brown planthopper, and grassy stunt. TN1 has non-glutinous endosperm and is susceptible to bacterial blight, grassy stunt, and brown planthopper. IR2061-464-6 has a glutinous endosperm and is homozygous resistant to bacterial blight, grassy stunt, and brown planthopper. The F3 data fit the 1:2:1 ratio expected for monogenic control of each trait. A two-way classification for all the traits indicated that these four traits are inherited independently. Thus, it should be possible to recombine these four traits in various combinations in rice varieties. 相似文献
18.
化州市晚稻稻飞虱主害代发生期及发生程度气象预测模型 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
化州是广东省重要的水稻生产基地。稻飞虱是化州市主要的水稻害虫之一。笔者就6代稻飞虱发生期和发生程度与气象条件之间的关系进行分析研究,利用气象因子预测稻飞虱的发生与发展,以提高稻飞虱发生期和发生程度预测的准确性。应用SPSS分析软件进行逐步回归分析,对广东省化州市1996—2011年的晚稻稻飞虱主害代调查资料和气象观测资料进行分析,筛选出适合的气象预报因子,分别建立晚稻稻飞虱主害代成虫高峰期、若虫高峰期、发生程度和发生面积统计预报模型,用2012年和2013年的资料作为独立样本用于模型效果检验。结果表明,上述预测模型均通过0.01显著性统计检验。将化州市1996—2011年各年度对应的气象观测数据代入各式,模拟值与实测值的逐年变化趋势比较吻合,相对准确率分别为87.5%、93.8%、90.9%、94.2%。对建模内预报值和2012、2013年预报应用效果进行验证,模拟值与实测值基本吻合,可以为该区稻飞虱预测预报服务。可见通过逐步回归分析法对化州市晚稻稻飞虱主害代（6代）的发生期及发生程度进行预测,只要所选择的气象因子与相应的实测值有较高的相关性,就能较准确预测出发生期及发生程度范围;在稻飞虱发生期和发生程度模型建立中,选取的气象因子取了前驱值,所建立的模型更具预测性。 相似文献
19.
中国不同地理来源籼稻地方品种的亲缘关系研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用61对SSR引物对原产于中国14个省的440份籼稻地方品种进行了SSR分析,并对各省、经度和纬度间的籼稻地方品种进行了遗传距离和聚类分析。结果表明,籼稻地方品种遗传距离变异范围在各省份间为0.0707~0.4076;经度间为0.0680~0.3032;纬度间为0.0385~0.2696。相邻的省份、经度、纬度的籼稻地方品种基本归为同一类群,遗传距离和亲缘关系较近,而地理位置相隔较远的省份、经度、纬度的籼稻地方品种基本归为不同类群,遗传距离和亲缘关系较远,说明籼稻地方品种的亲缘关系与地理位置有着密切的相关性。但按经度和纬度划分较按省份划分的品种间遗传距离更具有规律性。 相似文献
20.
P.N. Sharma Y. Ketipearachchi K. Murata A. Torii S. Takumi N. Mori C. Nakamura 《Euphytica》2003,129(1):109-117
We have constructed a linkage map of the rice brown planthopper (BPH)resistance gene, Bph1. RFLP and AFLP markers were selected by thebulked segregant analysis and used in the mapping study of 262 F2sthat were derived from a cross of `Tsukushibare', a susceptible japonica cultivar, and `Norin-PL3', an authentic japonicaBph1-introgression line. Twenty markers were mapped within a 28.9-cMregion containing the Bph1 locus on the long arm of rice chromosome12. Combining the result of segregation analysis of BPH resistance by themass seedling test and that of the markers, the Bph1 locus wasmapped within a 5.8-cM region between two flanking markers. The closestAFLP markers, em5814N and em2802N, was at 2.7 cM proximal to theBph1 locus. Together with the previously constructed high-resolutionmap of bph2 locating the locus at ca. 10 cM proximal to the Bph1 locus, this improved version of the linkage map would facilitatepyramiding these two important BPH resistance genes. 相似文献