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骏枣叶片中氮磷钾含量年动态变化规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以6年生沙地骏枣为试材,分别测定了新梢枣吊叶片和老枣股枣吊叶片中不同生育期氮、磷、钾的含量并分析其变化情况,以确定新疆和田皮墨垦区沙地骏枣叶营养诊断的适宜采样部位和采样时期。结果表明:沙地骏枣叶片中氮、磷、钾的动态变化具有明显的规律,新梢枣吊叶片中含量都高于老枣股枣吊叶片中含量;在营养生长期氮、磷含量呈上升趋势,钾的含量呈下降趋势;氮、磷在新梢枣吊叶片和老枣股枣吊叶片中表现类似的变化趋势,钾的变化则新梢枣吊叶片和老枣股枣吊叶片中差异较大。综合考虑,对新疆和田皮墨垦区沙地骏枣进行氮、磷、钾叶营养诊断时,采样部位应选择新梢枣吊叶片,采样时期为8月上旬。 相似文献
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《中国南方果树》2016,(6)
采用整株肢解法,研究不同生育期宝岛蕉全株及各器官(根、球茎、假茎、叶及果轴、果实)干物质及氮磷钾养分累积的动态变化。结果表明,收获时宝岛蕉干物质及氮磷钾累积量分别为5.73kg/株、108.07g/株、15.53g/株和440.36g/株。宝岛蕉干物质及氮钾养分均在花芽分化期前累积缓慢,干物质及氮均在花芽分化期到幼果期累积迅速,而钾在花芽分化期后累积迅速。磷分别在花芽分化期到幼果期、幼果期到收获期累积缓慢、迅速。另外,叶片和假茎是宝岛蕉现蕾前主要的干物质和氮磷钾累积器官;果实发育时,果实干物质、氮磷钾养分累积迅速,以上累积量分别占收获时全株的63.45%、21.89%、34.45%和20.15%。因此,宝岛蕉生产中应重施氮钾肥,少施磷肥,氮磷钾肥分别侧重在花芽分化期到幼果期、幼果期到收获期、花芽分化期后施入;而在果实发育过程中氮磷钾养分的充足供应是宝岛蕉高产的保障。 相似文献
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以砂糖橘为试材,研究了5年生和9年生树幼果期（坐果期至果实膨大期）单果干重,果实氮、磷、钾含量和单果氮、磷、钾累积量的变化。结果表明,5年生树幼果期单果干重显著大于9年生树;两种树龄果实氮、磷含量均随着果实的生长发育明显降低,而钾含量则先降低再升至恒定水平;单果氮、磷、钾累积量均随着果实的生长而迅速增加,5年生树钾累积量显著大于9年生树。 相似文献
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猕猴桃叶片10种矿质元素含量的动态变化、品种差异及相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国南方果树》2020,(1)
为指导猕猴桃生产科学施肥,在陕西眉县以8个猕猴桃品种("海沃德""米良1号""徐香""金香""哑特""翠香""农大金猕""金魁")成年树(实生野生美味猕猴桃砧)为试材,连续两年于盛花期后15～170 d定期测定了叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等10种元素的含量,并对叶片各元素含量的生长期差异、品种差异及相关性进行统计分析。结果表明,品种对叶片磷、钾、钙、镁、锰和硼含量有极显著(p0.01)影响,对氮和铁含量有显著(p0.05)影响,对铜和锌含量无显著影响。"海沃德"叶片氮、磷含量较高,钙、镁含量较低;"米良1号"叶片氮、钙含量较高;"翠香"叶片钙含量较高,氮、磷、钾含量较低;"农大金猕"和"金魁"叶片氮、钾均较低。生长期对叶片各元素含量均有极显著影响。叶片氮、磷、钾含量从着果期至果实快速膨大期不断下降;在果实缓慢生长期和果实充实成熟期,氮持续下降,钾维持稳定,磷则有所回升。叶片钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、硼含量随着生长期的推进整体呈升高趋势,但不同元素初始升高和后期稳定的时间点略有差别。叶片氮含量与钾含量极显著正相关,与钙、镁、铁、锌、硼含量呈极显著负相关;磷分别与钾和铁呈显著正相关;钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等元素之间多呈极显著或显著正相关。 相似文献
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红富士苹果对初夏土施~(15)N-尿素的吸收、分配和利用特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以5a生田间红富士苹果为试材,以初夏土施15N-尿素为手段,研究了当年不同时期主要器官对15N-尿素的吸收、分配和利用特性。结果表明,从幼果期到果实采收期,叶片全氮质量分数最高,新梢、根系和果实依次递减;根系优先吸收15N-尿素,在幼果期15N质量分数达到最高,随物候期推进,吸收的15N-尿素外运用于新生器官(新梢、叶片与果实)的建造。到采收期,新生器官的15N质量分数提高,地上部分的15N吸收量明显高于地下部分,其中新梢、叶片和果实15N分配势(Ndff%)比幼果期分别增加了68.6%、80.6%和57.2%;地上部分15N吸收量达366.693mg,分配率为63.9%,占树体总氮量的0.75%;根系Ndff%比幼果期减少了68.8%,15N吸收量为207.5643mg,分配率为36.1%,占树体总氮量的0.42%。采收期树体的当年氮肥利用率为5.7%。 相似文献
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对广东郁南7个代表性沙糖桔果园土壤和结果树叶片营养状况进行了分析。结果显示,坡地果园的酸度比水田果园大。土壤质地以黏土和黏壤土为主,其中砂页岩坡地果园土壤质均为黏土,而花岗岩坡地为粉砂质黏土,水田改种的多为黏壤土。土壤有机质含量总体处于中等偏低水平。土壤全氮主要在中等至偏低水平之间;坡地果园的有效磷大多偏低,水田果园有效磷处于适量至高量水平;缺磷和缺钾的主要是坡地果园,而高磷和高钾的主要是水田果园。土壤交换钙、交换镁和有效硼普遍缺乏,有效铜、有效锌个别缺乏,部分果园缺有效铁,有效锰、有效硫含量普遍较高。沙糖桔结果树周年叶片营养状况存在动态变化,土壤有效磷和有效钾高的果园其叶片磷钾水平并不是全都相应提高。叶片氮、磷、钾、铜平均含量在开花期最高,此期氮、钾、铜含量均处于适量范围,磷则高于适量范围;叶片氮、磷平均含量在幼果期最低。叶片钙含量在果实成熟期最高。叶片镁含量低于适量水平的情况较多。叶片铁、锰含量从开花期最低至成熟期达到最高;地下水位较高的果园叶片锰含量全年每个生育期均较高。 相似文献
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Poultry manure (PM) must be disposed of from poultry farms, but is a potentially valuable source of macro- and micronutrients for plant growth. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of poultry manure on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Yields of fruits and vegetative material of plants grown in soil with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg−1 PM added were measured. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Cl, Si, Br, Rb, Sr and Ba in leaves at flowering and at final harvest and in fruits were determined by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Poultry manure fertilization improved tomato shoot growth and also fruit yield and increased leaf N concentrations at the harvest stage. In addition, P concentrations of the leaves and fruits were increased as the application rate of PM was increased. Fruit Ca and Mg were significantly reduced by increased rate of PM application, but not to the extent to cause the calcium deficiency disorder blossom end rot. Applied high levels of PM slightly increased the concentrations of leaf Mo and Br at the harvest stage. Poultry manure applications had a positive effect on the concentrations of leaf Zn, Cu, Cl and Rb at both sampling stages, but leaf Si concentration was reduced by PM treatments. The concentrations of Zn and Rb were increased in the fruits by PM treatments, but the concentrations of Br were decreased. Applied PM levels had no significant effects on the concentrations of K, S, Fe, Sr or Ba in tomato plants. It is concluded that the increased fruit yield, and the increased concentration of Zn (an element required in the human diet) and the lowered concentration of potentially harmful Br in the fruit make poultry manure a valuable growing medium for tomato production. 相似文献
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荔枝年生长周期内N、P、K营养动态规律与施肥管理体系 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过3年大田试验探索荔枝年生长周期内N、P、K营养规律,验证由高氮、高磷钾、高钾复合肥组成的荔枝平衡施肥管理措施的适用性。结果表明,荔枝年生长周期内,收获期N、P、K营养水平降至最低,随后因施肥而迅速恢复,在秋梢老熟到花芽分化期达年周期内最大值,此后随着开花结果N、P、K营养水平逐渐下降,至新的收获期又降至最低水平。秋梢和果枝的N、P、K水平因生长期的不同而明显变化,然而肥料用量(3～5kg/树)和N∶P∶K比例对树体N、P、K水平的影响较小。每个生育期结果母枝的N、P、K含量依次为N>K>P。收获期到开花前是树体营养恢复阶段,开花到果实生长发育期是消耗体内贮藏态N、P、K的过程。在荔枝年生长周期内,分别在收获期、秋梢老熟期和坐果期施用高氮复合肥、高磷钾复合肥和高钾复合肥能保障年周期内荔枝树体N、P、K营养水平处于最佳状态。 相似文献
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‘糯米糍’荔枝碳素营养储备动态与坐果的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以10～12年生的‘糯米糍’荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn. ) 为材料, 研究了高产树(60～65
kg·株- 1 ) 和低产树(5～10 kg·株- 1 ) 不同部位(叶片、各级枝条和主干) 碳素营养储备(淀粉) 的差异及季节动态; 分析了不同果实发育阶段树体碳素营养水平与坐果率的关系。结果表明, 果实成熟时高产树各部位的淀粉含量均低于低产树, 而可溶性糖含量高于低产树。果实采收后, 低产树早于高产树抽发新梢。入冬季前(11月底前) , 低产树和高产树分别抽发了3次和2次秋梢。7～11月秋梢生长发育期间, 高产树和低产树均无显著淀粉积累, 11月中旬以后枝梢生长停滞期间, 各部位, 尤其是4 cm直径以内的枝条大量积累淀粉, 在花穗发育前达到高峰。之后, 随花穗发育、开花及坐果而持续降低。高产树和低产树各部位淀粉高峰并无明显差异, 表明坐果量对树体碳素营养储备的累积并无明显的长期影响。叶片、主枝和主干积累的淀粉含量较低, 总体相对稳定; 而4 cm直径以下的枝梢淀粉含量变化剧烈, 说明这些枝梢是更为活跃的碳素储备库。本研究还表明, 坐果早期(花后3周内) 枝条(2 cm直径) 的淀粉含量与该枝条上最终坐果率呈显著正相关, 而果实发育中期(花后8周) 枝条淀粉含量与坐果率无关, 说明早期果实发
育一定程度依赖树体碳素营养储备, 而中后期果实发育几乎不依赖树体储备。 相似文献
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Yuanwen Teng F. Tamura A. Ohmae 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):300-304
SummarySpurs of ‘Nijisseiki’ pear (Pyrus pyriflora Nakai) were allowed to assimilate 10033;CO2 at 87.d after anthesis (DAA) and at 108 DAA during the period of rapid fruit growth. Then the spurs were sampled periodically until fruit harvest time to trace the time course and amount of movement of assimilates from spur leaves to individual organs in the spur. The amount of 10033;C absorbed by fruit within 3.d after labelling was constant until harvest, regardless of the labelling date. However, the total amount of 10033;C in the spur decreased continually until harvest.Of the total amount of 10033;C recovered in the spur labelled at 87 DAA, by harvest, 43.2% of 13C was found in the fruit flesh (cortex of receptacle), 5% in the core (pith of receptacle 1 pericarp 1 seeds), 5.6% in spur stem, 5.4% in the source leaves, and 40.8% was respired and exported from the spur. Of total amount of initial 10033;C labelled at 108 DAA, at harvest, the proportion of 10033;C translocated to flesh, core, stem, respired, and remaining in leaves was 61%, 6.1%, 3.0%, 24% and 5.4%, respectively. Photosynthates fixed by the spur early in the rapid growth stage of the fruit contribute more to the formation of starch and structural materials and less to solublecarbohydrates in fruit than do those fixed later. 相似文献
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G. Lopez A. Arbones M. Mata C. Paris J. Girona 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):804-808
SummaryTree growth and water status throughout the growing season and after fruit removal were studied in container-grown peach trees. Trees with fruit (F) and defruited (DF) trees were sampled destructively at bud break (8 March), 1 month after fruit removal (3 June), at harvest (6 August), and before leaf fall (15 October) to determine the mass of leaves, current season shoots, branches, trunk, and the entire root system. Tree water status was determined from the mid-day stem water potential (SWP) the day before each sampling date. Root growth in DF trees was greater than that observed in F trees, while the above-ground biomass was similar in DF and F trees. DF trees therefore had lower leaf:root biomass ratios than F trees throughout the fruit growing season. Environmental factors did not fully explain the seasonal variations in SWP, but there was a significant correlation between leaf:root biomass ratios and SWP. Reductions in leaf:root biomass ratios were accompanied by increases in SWP and, ultimately, DF trees had higher SWP values than F trees in mid-Summer. Improvements in tree water status following fruit removal can be explained, in part, by additional root growth. 相似文献
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更新修剪对盛果末期苹果树体营养及品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
在渭北黄土高原地区,以‘红富士’苹果为试材,以当地长放修剪为对照,探讨更新修剪对盛果末期苹果树体营养和果实品质、产量的影响。结果表明:更新修剪提高了叶片、枝条、果实、根系中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量,特别是枝条中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量得到极显著提高。更新修剪极显著提高了单果质量、产量及经济价值,显著提高了果形指数和有机酸含量,对果实着色面积、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C、果实硬度无显著影响。表明渭北黄土高原应积极开展盛果末期苹果树的更新修剪。 相似文献
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膜下滴灌条件下温室秋延辣椒养分吸收及分配规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以辣椒品种好农11为试材,在安徽和县开展田间试验,研究膜下滴灌条件下温室秋延辣椒的养分吸收及分配规律。结果表明,辣椒产量47100kg·hm~(-2),植株地上部干物质累积量8163kg·hm~(-2),收获指数0.70,植株干物质增加最快时期为膨果期,膨果期干物质累积量占整个生育期的33.3%;辣椒整个生育期吸收的养分钾氮磷,氮(N)的吸收量186kg·hm~(-2),磷(P2O5)的吸收量61.0kg·hm~(-2),钾(K2O)的吸收量313kg·hm~(-2),植株吸收的氮磷钾主要分配到果实中,氮磷钾的收获指数分别为0.59、0.78、0.58,膨果期辣椒氮磷钾的吸收量最高,分别占整个生育期的37.6%、28.5%、38.4%;钙镁硼的吸收量钙镁硼,钙(Ca O)的吸收量135kg·hm~(-2),镁(Mg O)的吸收量74.9kg·hm~(-2),硼(B)的吸收量0.13kg·hm~(-2),钙镁硼的收获指数分别为0.08、0.32、0.46,钙镁在叶中的累积量最高,分别占植株吸收总量的79.8%、54.1%,而硼主要分配到果实、叶中,分别占植株吸收总量的46.2%、39.2%,膨果期钙镁硼的吸收量最高,分别占整个生育期的34.6%、33.3%、38.2%。 相似文献
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本研究以遵椒系列品种为材料,探索其单果质量变化规律、常规测产校正系数和折干率。结果表明:①从8月上旬始收期开始,每晚收1d,遵椒1号单果鲜质量会下降0.1534g,单果干质量会下降0.0132g;遵椒2号单果鲜质量会下降0.0905g,单果干质量会下降0.0157g;遵椒3号单果鲜质量会下降0.0882g,单果干质量的变化不会随采收期的推迟而显著下降。②由于遵椒系列品种前期营养充足,病虫害轻,单果质量较大,商品率高,而后期长势渐衰,病虫害加重,商品率下降,单果质量变小,从而导致常规测产产量与实际采收量相差较大,常规测产产量乘上校正系数才能得出接近于实际的产量,通过试验,遵椒1号的校正系数为0.4782、遵椒3号的校正系数为0.541、遵椒3号的校正系数为0.629。③遵椒系列品种辣椒折干率基本遵循前期低后期高的规律,遵椒1号平均为23.81%,遵椒2号平均为25.23%,遵椒3号平均为25.82%。 相似文献