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1.
Systemic toxoplasmosis was produced in specific-pathogen-free cats by intravenous inoculation with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Infectious organisms were recovered from all tissues studied, but the number of organisms recovered from liver, lungs and spleen was 10-fold to 10,000-fold higher than from heart and brain. The occurrence and severity of Toxoplasma-induced lesions correlated with the number of infectious organisms recovered from the various tissues. In nonlymphoid tissues, the Toxoplasma-associated lesions consisted of multifocal necrosis, usually with demonstrable organisms. Lesions in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes consisted of reticuloendothelial and lymphoid hyperplasia, with few demonstrable organisms. Pneumonitis was severe and sometimes fatal in the early stages of systemic toxoplasmosis. Light- and electron-microscopic studies showed that the earliest lung lesions were randomly distributed infiltrates of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear cells into alveolar walls. Later lesions were diffuse alveolar necrosis, pneumocytic hyperplasia, and extensive fibrinocellular exudates in alveoli. Tachyzoites were present in cytoplasmic vacuoles of fibroblasts, macrophages, type I and II pneumocytes, bronchiolar epithelial cells, bronchiolar smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and circulating monocytes. Replication of organisms was found in all parasitized cell types except neutrophils and eosinophils. 相似文献
2.
Arai M Darman J Lewis A Yamamoto JK Darmen J 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2000,77(1-2):71-92
Recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) and erythropoietin (rhEPO) were tested on chronically FIV-infected laboratory cats and uninfected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats. In Study 1, a total of eight cats (four cats per group of either infected or uninfected cats) received subcutaneous injection (twice a day) for 2 weeks with 5 microg/kg of rhGM-CSF, while seven cats (three SPF and four FIV-infected cats) served as the placebo-treated control cats. Four of eight rhGM-CSF-treated cats (two cats each from infected and uninfected groups) developed elevated WBC counts which peaked at Days 5-8 of treatment when compared to placebo-treated cats. The elevated WBC counts were attributed to the increase in either neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, or their combinations. The RBC counts, platelet counts, and blood chemistry were not significantly affected by the treatment. Anti-rhGM-CSF antibodies were detected in six of eight rhGM-CSF-treated cats by Day 35 post-first treatment. All rhGM-CSF-treated infected cats but no placebo-treated infected cats had 1-2 log increase in FIV load in the PBMC during the treatment. In vitro studies suggest that rhGM-CSF has an effect on FIV replication in T cells but not in alveolar macrophages. Five of eight rhGM-CSF-treated cats had low-grade fever at 3-6 days of treatment. In Study 2, four cats per group of either infected or uninfected cats were treated (subcutaneously once a day) three times a week for 2 weeks with 100U/kg of rhEPO and monitored as before, while seven cats (three SPF and four FIV-infected cats) served as the placebo-treated control cats. All rhEPO-treated cats had a gradual increase in RBC, Hgb, and PCV counts which peaked at 2-4 weeks post-first rhEPO treatment, whereas none of the placebo-treated cats had significant increase in these parameters. The rhEPO-treated cats also developed elevated WBC counts consisting of either elevated neutrophils, lymphocytes, or their combination by 4 weeks post-first treatment but there was no statistical difference between rhEPO-treated and placebo-treated groups. None of the cats developed anti-rhEPO antibodies and no remarkable changes in blood chemistry, clinical signs, and FIV loads or FIV antibody titers were observed. Overall, rhEPO can be used safely on FIV-infected cats but the use of rhGM-CSF on FIV-infected cats should be performed with discretion. 相似文献
3.
Morphology of leukocytes from cats affected with alpha-mannosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The morphology and ultrastructure of circulating white blood cells from six Persian and from five Russian Blue/Siamese cats deficient in lysosomal activity of alpha-mannosidase and arylsulfatase B, respectively, were studied and compared to cells from corresponding normal and carrier cats. In cats with mannosidosis, light microscopic examination revealed vacuoles in lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas electron microscopic studies demonstrated additional vacuoles in neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. In cats with mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI), vacuoles containing metachromatic granules were observed in lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Ultrastructural studies of these cells identified the accumulation of fibrillar material, which often was associated with lamellated membrane structures. 相似文献
4.
Cats which were challenged with feline herpesvirus type 1 developed clinical signs typical of feline viral rhinotracheitis whether or not they had been vaccinated against the disease. However, the clinical disease was less severe and of shorter duration in the vaccinated cats. After challenge, feline herpesvirus type 1 was recovered from the nostrils, oropharynx and peripheral blood leucocytes. Leucocytosis, primarily a neutrophilia, occurred initially in all the cats and was followed after clinical recovery by a mild lymphocytosis. Intradermal skin testing with feline herpesvirus type 1 and cell control antigens produced a positive delayed type skin reaction. Histology of the affected skin 72 hours after injection showed cellular infiltration, predominantly with eosinophils and neutrophils. The severity of the reaction was greater and more prolonged in the skin of the ear than in the skin of the abdomen. 相似文献
5.
Cytologic, microbiologic, and biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from 24 healthy cats 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
P A Padrid B F Feldman K Funk E M Samitz D Reil C E Cross 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(8):1300-1307
Twenty-four healthy cats underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage to determine the normal cytologic environment of the lower respiratory tract of cats. Initial screening to ensure the health of the study population included complete histories, physical examinations, thoracic radiography, CBC, serologic tests for feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and occult heartworm, and sugar and Baermann fecal flotation. In 18 cats, protected catheter brush samples of airway secretions from the lavaged lung segment were taken for culture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasma. Bronchial lavage fluid (5 sequential 10-ml aliquots of normal saline solution) was pooled and filtered with cotton gauze. The unspun sample was used for determination of a total nucleated cell count. Lavage fluid was cytocentrifuged and 500 cells/slide were scored for determination of the cellular differential. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase and concentrations of total protein and IgG within the supernatant were measured, and assays were performed to detect the presence of IgA and IgM. Complete histologic evaluation of the lavaged lung of each of 6 random-source cats was performed after differential cell counting revealed 18% eosinophils within bronchoalveolar lavage fluid recovered from this group. Alveolar macrophages were the predominant cells encountered; however, a quarter of all cells recovered were eosinophils. A significant relationship was not found between the abundance of eosinophils in the lavage fluid, and either isolation of aerobic bacteria, high total nucleated cell counts, total protein concentrations, or activity of lactate dehydrogenase. Histologic evaluation of the lungs of 5 of 6 random-source cats revealed normal lungs in 2 cats, and minimal abnormal change in 3 others. Evaluation of the lungs from 1 random source cat revealed acute, mild eosinophilic bronchiolitis. We conclude that large numbers of eosinophils may be retrieved from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy cats. 相似文献
6.
G E FORD 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(2):42-44
The confirmation of a cat-sheep transmission for visible sarcocysts was achieved in specific pathogen free (SPF) animals by completing sheep-cat-sheep-cat passages during 1977-79. The study used 22 laboratory cats and 15 specially bred sheep. Experimental sheep were dosed with sporocysts recovered from cats fed visible sarcocysts. "Giant" or "fat" form of macroscopic sarcocysts commonly found on the oesophagus were first demonstrated in the SPF sheep at 17 months after dosing. The sarcocysts from these sheep were infective to cats. Thus, the cycle of transmission for cat-borne ovine sacosporidiosis was completed. Grazing sheep in some situations develop visible cysts earlier, around one year of age, hence it is considered that the infections of experimental sheep in SPF conditions may not reflect all the circumstances leading to natural infection. 相似文献
7.
In vivo activation of equine eosinophils and neutrophils by experimental Strongylus vulgaris infections 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V A Dennis T R Klei M R Chapman G W Jeffers 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1988,20(1):61-74
Eosinophils and neutrophils from ponies with Strongylus vulgaris-induced eosinophilia (eosinophilic ponies; activated eosinophils and neutrophils) were assayed in vitro for chemotactic and chemokinetic responses to zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) using the filter system in Boyden chambers, for Fc and complement (C) receptors using the EA and EAC-rosette assays, respectively, and for phagocytic and bactericidal activities using opsonized Escherichia coli and the acridine orange method. The responses of activated eosinophils and neutrophils in the above assays were compared with those of eosinophils and neutrophils from S. vulgaris-naive ponies without eosinophilia (noneosinophilic ponies; nonactivated eosinophils and neutrophils). Differences in cell density following centrifugation in a continuous Percoll gradient were used to further characterize the heterogeneity of activated eosinophils and neutrophils. Activated and nonactivated eosinophils demonstrated similar chemotactic responses to ZAS while activated and nonactivated neutrophils demonstrated similar chemokinetic responses to ZAS. A higher percentage of activated eosinophils and neutrophils expressed Fc and C receptors compared with nonactivated cells (P less than 0.05). Generally, higher percentages of eosinophils and neutrophils expressed C than Fc receptors. However, the percentage of neutrophils with both receptors was higher than that of eosinophils. Phagocytosis and killing of E. coli by either type of eosinophil were not consistently observed. Both activated and nonactivated neutrophils phagocytized E. coli and significant differences between the two cell types were not observed. The bacterial activity, however, of activated neutrophils was significantly greater than that obtained using nonactivated neutrophils (P less than 0.05). Activated eosinophils and neutrophils were both separated into two distinct fractions based on differences in cell densities. A higher percentage of band 2 eosinophils (density of 1.106) expressed C receptors than did band 1 eosinophils (density of 1.049) (P less than 0.05). A higher percentage of band 1 neutrophils (density of 1.072) expressed both Fc and C receptors and these neutrophils were more phagocytic and bactericidal than were band 2 neutrophils (density of 1.082) (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that equine eosinophils and neutrophils are activated by chronic S. vulgaris infections. 相似文献
8.
Papasouliotis K Cue S Crawford E Pinches M Dumont M Burley K 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(3):295-302
BACKGROUND: The LaserCyte hematology analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories, Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks, UK) is the first in-house laser-based single channel flow cytometer designed specifically for veterinary practice. The instrument provides a full hematologic analysis including a 5-part WBC differential (LC-diff%). We are unaware of published studies comparing LC-diff% results to those determined by other methods used in practice. OBJECTIVE: To compare LC-diff% results to those obtained by a manual differential cell count (M-diff%). METHODS: Eighty-six venous blood samples from 44 dogs and 42 cats were collected into EDTA tubes at the Forest Veterinary Centre (Epping, UK). Samples were analyzed using the LaserCyte within 1 hour of collection. Unstained blood smears were then posted to Langford Veterinary Diagnostics, University of Bristol, and stained with modified Wright's stain. One hundred-cell manual differential counts were performed by 2 technicians and the mean percentage was calculated for each cell type. Data (LC-diff% vs M-diff%) were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Deming regression, and Bland-Altman difference plots. RESULTS: Significant differences between methods were found for neutrophil and monocyte percentages in samples from dogs and cats and for eosinophil percentage in samples from cats. Correlations (r) (canine/feline) were .55/.72 for neutrophils, .76/.69 for lymphocytes, .05/.29 for monocytes and .60/.82 for eosinophils. Agreement between LC-diff% and Mdiff% results was poor in samples from both species. Bland-Altman plots revealed outliers in samples with atypical WBCs (1 cat), leukocytosis (2 dogs, 9 cats), and leukopenia (16 dogs, 11 cats). The LaserCyte generated error flags in 28 of 86 (32.6%) samples, included 7 with leukopenia, 8 with lymphopenia, 7 with leukocytosis, 1 with anemia, and 1 with erythrocytosis. When results from these 28 samples were excluded, correlations from the remaining nonflagged results (canine/feline) were .63/.65 for neutrophils, .67/.65 for lymphocytes, .11/.33 for monocytes, and .63/.82 for eosinophils. CONCLUSION: Although use of a 100-cell (vs 200-cell) M-diff% may be a limitation of our study, good correlation between WBC differentials obtained using the LaserCyte and the manual method was achieved only for feline eosinophils. 相似文献
9.
E F Castro A L Soraci R Franci F A Fogel M O Tapia 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2001,162(1):38-43
Suprofen (SPF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which belongs to the 2-arylpropionic acids subclass. As a result of their chiral characteristics, these compounds have shown a marked enantioselective behaviour with a high degree of interspecies variation. They are mainly eliminated by glucuronidation. Plasma, biliary and urine disposition of SPF was investigated in the cat after intravenous administration of the racemate (dose 2 mg/kg). Both enantiomers exhibited similar disposition profiles in plasma with no evidence of chiral inversion. During bile sampling time, recovered acylglucuronides of R (-) and S (+) SPF were less than 1% of the total dose administered. Only free SPF was recovered in the urine, representing 0.12% of the administered racemic SPF dose. The results indicate that neither chiral inversion nor glucuronidation predominate in SPF disposition in cats. Copyright Harcourt Publishers Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Granules of blood eosinophils are stained directly by anti-immunoglobulin fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Direct staining of the granules of blood eosinophils by anti-immunoglobulin fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugates was observed when feline blood smears were tested for presence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen by immunofluorescent antibody. When blood smears of other species including swine, horses, cattle, dogs, sheep, birds, and human beings were examined, direct staining of eosinophils by FITC conjugates was also detected. This FITC staining was restricted to eosinophils and was not observed in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets. Direct FITC staining of eosinophils does not represent a problem in immunofluorescent test for the detection of FeLV infection in cats, as long as the eosinophils, which can easily be recognized as such, are excluded from the spectrum of interpreted cells. 相似文献
11.
The sites of early replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus were studied following oral inoculation of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats with virus grown in cell cultures. Viral antigen was first detected by immunofluorescence in the tonsils and small intestine within 24 h of inoculation, and was later found in caecum, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes and liver. However, histological changes in the gut did not appear until relatively late in the course of infection. Virus was recovered from the oropharynx and the faeces from as early as the second or third day after inoculation, and shedding continued until euthanasia. 相似文献
12.
Three viruses were isolated during early studies of feline urolithiasis. These viruses were: feline calicivirus, feline syncytium forming virus (FeSFV), and a previously undescribed cell associated herpesvirus (CAHV).Urolithiasis in all its manifestations (hematuria, urethral obstruction, and cystitis) has been reproduced in specific pathogen free (SPF) male cats following inoculation with the herpesvirus alone. The disease has not been induced in SPF cats with the calicivirus alone. However, when SPF cats were inoculated with both the CAHV and calicivirus, clinical signs of disease developed earlier and more urinary tract disease complications were produced. From these results, it is postulated that the calicivirus may act as an enhancing or complicating factor in the development of the disease. Because urolithiasis was produced in SPF cats without the FeSFV, it is further postulated that this virus either may have no role in pathogenesis of the disease, or it too may produce secondary complications. 相似文献
13.
Shimoda T Shiranaga N Mashita T Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(1):59-64
Hematological abnormalities were investigated in 13 cats with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Examination of the peripheral blood samples from the 13 cats revealed anemia in 11 cats, leukopenia in 9 cats, and thrombocytopenia in 9 cats. Four cats had pancytopenia (30.8%) and 9 cats had bicytopenia (69.2%). Dysplastic changes of erythrocytes, neutrophils, and platelets in the peripheral blood were found in 5, 10 and 8 cats, respectively. Bone marrow examination of the 13 cats revealed that ratios of blast cells to all nucleated cells (ANC) ranged from 0 to 20%. Ratios of erythroid progenitor cells to ANC were more than 50% in 3 cats and less than 50% in 10 cats. Eosinophils accounted for more than 5% of non-erythroid cells in 10 cats. Dysplastic changes in the granurocytic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic cells in the bone marrow were found in 11, 7 and 5 cats, respectively. Dysplastic changes in these cats included giant neutrophils, ring-nucleated neutrophils, binuclear myelocytes, hypersegmented and hyposegmented neutrophils, megaloblastoid erythroblasts, multinucleated erythroblasts, micromegakaryocytes, and segmented multinucleated megakaryocytes. Virological examination indicated the presence of feline leukemia virus antigen in the peripheral blood from all of the 13 cats with MDS. The peripheral blood cytopenias and dysplastic changes in each blood cell lineage in the bone marrow were shown to be important for the diagnosis of MDS in cats. 相似文献
14.
J I Kresse W C Stewart E A Carbrey M L Snyder 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(2):141-144
A 2-step technique for the isolation of hog cholera (HC) virus consisting of an initial culture on buffy coat (BC) cultures and subinoculation to a pig kidney cell line (PK-15) was described. By this technique, HC virus was confirmed in specimens from 65 herds in which the conventional cell culture isolation technique failed. The herds were located in 20 states and Puerto Rico. Specimens from 29 of the 65 herds were inoculated into specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. Hog cholera virus was recovered from 27 of the test pigs. The 2 pigs from which virus was not recovered had signs of acute infection and, on necropsy, had gross lesions of HC infection. 相似文献
15.
Tvedten HW Korcal D 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1996,25(1):14-22
The differential leukocyte counts performed by an automated hematology analyzer, the Technicon H-1E Hematology System, and traditional microscopic method (M-Diff) from blood samples of 129 horses, 40 cattle, and 140 cats were compared. The comparison was repeated after selected subsets of data were created by deleting samples with certain patterns suggesting error with the automated differential cell count (A-Diff). The two methods had good comparison of results for neutrophils and lymphocytes in all three species. Results for equine monocytes correlated moderately well between the two methods and the correlation improved in the selected data set Monocyte results did not compare well for the bovine and feline samples. The A-Diff for feline eosinophils was inaccurate. The A-Diff may be accurate for bovine and equine eosinophils but too few examples of eosinophilia were present in the sample set to prove this. Basophils were too rarely seen in cattle and horses to validate A-Diff accuracy, but basophilia identified by the M-Diff in a cat was not identified by the A-Diff. 相似文献
16.
17.
Blood, spleen and liver of specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats and SPF cats experimentally infected with Bartonella henselae were examined. Using immunohistochemical labeling, no intracellular B. henselae were observed in tissues of any cats, but extracellular B. henselae were detected in tissues of infected cats. Pseudoinclusions were detected in erythrocytes of all cats using electron microscopy. 相似文献
18.
Romatowski J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,216(8):1270-1272
Four purebred domestic cats examined because of diarrhea were found to have Pentatrichomonas hominis, a rarely reported trichomonad parasite, in their feces. Treatment with a combination of metronidazole and enrofloxacin tended to improve consistency of the feces, whereas treatment with metronidazole alone reduced the number of P hominis trophozoites in fecal smears but did not necessarily result in an improvement in clinical signs. Two cats were euthanatized. Necropsy revealed lymphoplasmacytic enterocolitis with eosinophils and eosinophilic globular leukocytes, neutrophils in the mucosa of the colon and within intraluminal contents of the cecum, and P hominis trophozoites in intraluminal contents of the colon and cecum. 相似文献
19.
A flow cytometric method was developed to perform differential leukocyte counts on bovine blood. Blood specimens from 50 healthy Holstein cows were analyzed by use of a flow cytometer. The method entailed diluting blood with phosphate-buffered, hypotonic saline solution containing acridine orange, and performing a step-wise, 3-parameter analysis on the bases of cell size, cellular granularity, and granulocyte fluorescence. Initially, proportions of monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes were determined by creating appropriate windows on dot plots of cell size (determined by forward light scatter) vs cellular granularity (determined by the logarithm of side light scatter). Eosinophils were resolved by analysis of granulocytes as dot plots of logarithms of green vs red fluorescence ascribed to acridine orange. Proportions of eosinophils and neutrophils were computed from data so generated. Microclumps of platelets spuriously affected counts of some granulocytes, particularly eosinophils. Differential leukocyte counts determined by flow cytometry generally compared favorably with those obtained by use of the conventional microscopic method, using Wright-stained blood films. Mean neutrophil and eosinophil counts determined by the 2 methods did not differ significantly, but lymphocyte counts determined by flow cytometry were significantly higher than those determined by microscopy (P less than 0.01). Correlation coefficients for counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes determined by the 2 methods ranged from 0.519 to 0.833. Correlation between monocyte counts was low (r = 0.147), although mean monocyte counts determined by the 2 methods did not differ significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
20.
C G Fabricant 《The Cornell veterinarian》1981,71(1):59-68
The feline cell associated herpesvirus (CAHV), but not the Manx calicivirus, was previously reported to induce urolithiasis in specific pathogen free (SPF) cats. Serum neutralization (SN) antibody studies, reported here, revealed that the experimental SPF cats did not have SN antibodies either against the CAHV or the Manx calicivirus in preinoculation serum samples. However, all cats inoculated with the CAHV (either alone or in combination with the Manx virus) developed SN antibodies against the herpesvirus. SN antibodies against the CAHV were detected 21 days post inoculation (PI) in 7 cats, 41 days PI in 4 cats, and 89 days PI in 1 cat. Cats inoculated with the Manx calicivirus alone, or in combination with the CAHV developed SN antibodies against the calicivirus in 7 to 21 days PI with that virus. 相似文献