共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 16 毫秒
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田间试验于1981—1984年在盛果期NewcastIe杏树上进行,采用三种氮浓度(200、400、600克/株)和四种施用方法(单一的土壤施用和土施+1—3次喷尿素,每次每株喷5升1%尿素水溶液)。400克氮十二次喷尿素,即第一次在四月的第二周,当叶片完全展开时,第二次在两周以后施用,结果获得了最适宜的营养生长,较大的果实,较高的产量,并且改善了树体氮状况。 相似文献
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自1971年以来,我们在秦岭北麓山地果园进行了一系列施肥技术研究。通过氮肥施用期的研究,初步明确了国光苹果树从初果期到盛果期每年只追施一次氮肥时,以花前追肥效果较好,产量较高。同时施肥量试验的结果表明,花前追施氮肥,尤以株施尿素2公斤的较好。比株施0.5公斤尿素的增产51.8%,比株施1公斤尿素的增产31.5%。 本试验在已有工作基础上,进行了分期施肥试验。在等氮量(尿素)情况下,分2-3期追肥,不同追肥期搭配的氮肥施用量各异。通过试验,希望明确山地条件下国光苹果不同施肥期和施肥量的适宜组合及其经济施用效应。现将9年试验结果整理如… 相似文献
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以8a生鸭梨树为试材,研究比较了不同尿素施用量对鸭梨产量、品质和耕作层氮素含量的影响.结果表明:尿素施用量为86.9 kg/667m2的高施氮区增产效果明显高于施用尿素43.4 kg/667m2的中施氮区和施用尿素21.7 kg/667m2低施氮区;梨果品质测定显示果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、粗蛋白含量、维生素C含量均为中施氮区高于高施氮区;土壤耕作层水解性氮含量果实采收后残存量较低.综合鸭梨产量和果实品质均以中施尿素区效果最佳. 相似文献
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钾是辅酶的催化剂，能促进碳水化合物在树体内的运转，提高树体的抗性，促进花芽分化，增进果实色泽，提高品质。增施钾肥应结合秋施基肥，每１０００公斤农家肥混入３０公斤硫酸钾，按公斤果公斤肥，沟施或环状沟施入。在果实膨大期（６月中下旬）近株施硫酸钾１～１．５公斤，新栽的苹果树株施尿素１１０克，过磷酸钙５００克，硫酸钾６００克，进入盛果期的苹果园每生产１００公斤苹果，应增施硫酸钾１．５～２公斤。６月份以后结合喷药每１０～１５天喷施０．５％磷酸二氢钾４～６次，以达到高产、优质之目的。苹果园应注意增施钾肥@于… 相似文献
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苹果施用硝酸钙的效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对苹果树叶面喷和土施试验证明:(1)叶面喷(包括盆栽和田间试验)0.3％Ca液2次,能促进树体生长、增加叶干重、提高树体N、K、Ca等营养元素水平,并明显提高果实产量和品质。在年生育期的前期或后期喷Ca,均能进入果实中,前期进入量高于后期。(2)土施Ca(NO_3)_2,同施用筹N量的尿素相比,叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Zn等元素含量,均有明显提高,并有增产和提高品质作用。在土施方式中,以Ca(NO_3)_2与有机肥混施为佳,但土施Ca(NO_3)_2对提高果实中Ca含量未显出明显效果。(3)总体效果,土施不如叶喷。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2020,(9)
【目的】研究施氮水平对‘库尔勒香梨’树体生长和氮素吸收利用的影响,为合理施肥及提高氮肥利用率提供参考。【方法】以6 a(年)生的‘库尔勒香梨’树体为研究材料,采用~(15)N示踪技术,研究不同施氮水平下‘库尔勒香梨’树体的生长状况和对氮素的吸收、分配及利用特性。【结果】在不同的施氮水平下,‘库尔勒香梨’树体的生物量、氮素积累量随生育期的推进和施氮水平的提高而增加,均表现为N_3N_2N_1N_0。‘库尔勒香梨’树体各器官的Ndff值在不同施氮水平下差异较大,各生育期均表现为N_3水平下最大,N_2次之,N_1最小。在果实成熟期时,不同施氮水平下果实~(15)N分配率存在差异,N_2水平下~(15)N分配率(31.79%)显著高于N_3(23.86%)和N_1(23.76%)。‘库尔勒香梨’树体~(15)N利用率随生育期的推进显著提高,在果实成熟期树体~(15)N利用率表现为N_2(20.19%)N_1(16.86%)N_3(15.58%)。【结论】氮肥施入至果实成熟期,在N_2水平下果实的生物量和对氮素的积累量达到最大值,树体对肥料~(15)N-尿素的利用率也达到最高(20.19%)。因此,在‘库尔勒香梨’的栽培中,应该适宜控制氮素的投入,明确最适的氮肥用量,从而提高树体的氮肥利用率和果实产量,推荐6 a生‘库尔勒香梨’施氮水平为每666.7 m~2施氮20 kg。 相似文献
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“曙光”油桃生长、产量和品质对施氮水平的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以5年生"曙光"油桃为试验材料,设置不同施氮水平(100(N1)、200(N2)、300(N3)、400kg·hm-2(N4)),以不氮肥处理为对照(CK),研究施氮量对长江三角洲地区"曙光"油桃生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:增施氮肥能够显著促进"曙光"油桃新梢的生长,新梢长度随施氮量的增加而增加;施氮可显著提高"曙光"油桃的产量和单果质量,但超过200~300kg·hm~(-2)后氮肥增产效果不明显,氮的农学效率和偏生产力显著降低。氮肥显著影响"曙光"油桃的外观品质和内在品质。合理的施用氮肥有利于增加长江三角洲地区"曙光"油桃的果实纵径、横径和着色程度,提高果实可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量,降低总酸度,提高果实糖酸比,改善果实品质和果实口感。但过量施用氮肥会影响油桃果实的着色程度,降低油桃可溶性固形物、维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量,不利于曙光油桃品质的提升。 相似文献
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P. R. Cary 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):299-315
Over the period 1947 to 1965 studies were made of the effects of four cultural treatments and four levels of ammonium sulphate on crop growth and fruit composition of Washington Navel and Late Valencia oranges, budded on to either Rough Lemon or Sweet Orange rootstocks. In terms of yield and quality, the best treatment combination was weed control by kerosene oil sprays together with 4 lb. of ammonium sulphate per tree per annum. For this treatment combination the average annual yield over the five-year period 1961–65 approached 500 lb. per tree.Almost all the nitrogen requirements of mature citrus trees were obtained from clover grown during March to September and then rotavated into the soil. Repeated ammonium sulphate applications caused soil acidity, aggravating an inherent soil phosphorus deficiency. Basal superphosphate applications, made since 1955 at an average annual rate of 4 lb. per tree, gradually improved fruit quality.From 1955 to 1965 small annual calcium carbonate applications of up to 30 lb. per tree were made to half the trial area. Although these applications only partially neutralized soil acidity there was a consistent tendency since 1961 for yield and fruit quality to be higher on limed plots. As there was no evidence of calcium deficiency, it is considered that liming treatments stimulated crop growth mainly by raising soil pH and increasing soil phosphorus availability.Soil analytical results showed that considerable differences existed between the fertility status of inter-tree and under-branch-spread areas: base exchange capacities and soil pH were considerably higher under the leaf canopy than in inter-tree areas.A study of fruit quality indices, summarized for four periods each of four years duration, suggests that the juice content of an orange is a more sensitive index of fruit quality than skin thickness or sugar and acid contents. 相似文献
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This work was carried out to study the effect of two nitrogen levels, 250 and 500 g of actual nitrogen per avocado tree per year. The nitrogen sources were calcium nitrate (as soil application) and urea (as foliage application).Nitrogen fertilization gave a highly significant increase in tree yield (kg/tree) in most treatments. Moreover, urea sprays seemed to be more effective on the yield than calcium nitrate added to the soil at the same nitrogen level. The 500 g nitrogen level of both sources gave a higher yield increase than 250 g nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilization gave a slight increase in mean avocado fruit weight and size, while urea sprays seemed to be more effective in increasing the mean fruit weight and size. A slight decrease in flesh oil content occurred as a result of nitrogen fertilization. 相似文献
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M. Meland 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):117-121
Summary‘Elstar’ is the latest-maturing commercial apple cultivar grown in Norway, with high fruit quality when properly managed. In May 2006, an experiment with four different crop loads [2, 4 ,6, or 8 flowers or fruitlets cm–2 trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), respectively] was established at two different stages [first bloom (FB), or 20-mm diameter fruitlets] and compared to unthinned control trees. Fruit growth was measured on individual fruit for each treatment throughout the season at weekly intervals. Thinning at FB gave a significantly lower final percentage fruit set than thinning to the same cropping level at the 20-mm fruitlet stage. However, fruit weights and soluble solids contents (SSC) were significantly higher, and the background fruit colour improved when trees were thinned at FB. The final number of fruit at harvest was less than the amount established at FB, or at the 20-mm fruitlet stage. There were significant differences between treatments in final fruit numbers per TCSA, which reflected the different crop loads. Fruit weights and SSC values were highest with the lowest crop load, and decreased with increasing crop loads. There was also a strong crop-load effect on the extent of return bloom per tree in the subsequent year. Trees thinned at FB had significantly more flower clusters than those thinned at the 20-mm fruitlet stage of. Untreated control trees had the lowest number of flower clusters. The amount of return bloom declined with increasing crop load. Second year crop loads and fruit weights were highest when trees were thinned at FB to two or four apples cm?2 TCSA in the previous year. Trees with the highest crop load had the lowest crop load in the following year. Fruit quality was generally high for all treatments. 相似文献
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不同蘸花剂对黄瓜果实生长及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对黄瓜生产中使用避孕药保持鲜花和乱用激素蘸花的争论,选取不同浓度的避孕药(醋酸甲地孕酮)和5种激素对黄瓜进行蘸花处理。结果表明:醋酸甲地孕酮对黄瓜鲜花保持及果实膨大没有作用;2,4-D能延迟黄瓜开花,保持黄瓜鲜花不败;用100mg·L~(-1)的赤霉素溶液蘸花,能促进黄瓜果实膨大;萘乙酸蘸花处理的黄瓜会出现花冠不完全展开的现象,但不能长时间保持鲜花;防落素和氯吡脲处理对黄瓜坐瓜和果实膨大都有促进作用。适宜浓度的激素处理对促进黄瓜果实生长的影响为氯吡脲防落素2,4-D萘乙酸赤霉素清水(CK)。其中10mg·L~(-1)氯吡脲蘸花处理对黄瓜果实生长的促进效果最明显,且激素残留量检测符合欧盟标准0.01mg·kg~(-1)。 相似文献
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富士苹果施钙肥效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以8年生富士苹果(Malusdomesticacv.Fuji)为试材进行不同组合钙肥试验,结果表明,土施CaSO4肥显著提高了土壤总钙、交换性钙和果实钙含量,以3.5kg/株CaSO4处理效果最显著;将3.5kgCaSO4分为幼果期和膨大期2次使用增钙效果明显,分期施肥无论配合秋施有机肥还是春季喷氨基酸钙都极显著提高了果实钙含量,以S2+1.5AM处理(春施2kgCaSO4+喷3遍氨基酸钙+夏施1.5kgCaSO4+秋施5kg苹果专用有机肥)的钙含量最高,达到179.17mg/kg;秋施苹果专用有机肥明显提高果实钙含量,增加根系和枝条的贮藏钙,以10kg/株配合春施1kg/株CaSO4的效果较好。当有机肥施用量达到15kg/株或CaSO4超过3.5kg/株时增钙效果下降。交换性钙、土壤及果实Ca/Mg比值与果实钙含量呈正相关,土壤速效磷、钾、果实N/Ca比值与果实钙含量呈显著负相关。不同施肥处理果实的N/Ca比值和Ca/Mg比值差异显著,采收时富士果实N/Ca比值<17,Ca/Mg比值≥7,贮藏期间的苦痘病发生率较低。有利于富士苹果钙素营养的施肥组合是秋冬施有机肥加钙化肥、幼果期喷钙和果实膨大期土施钙肥。 相似文献
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以西瓜品种秀丽为试材,在大棚中采用秸秆基质栽培,腐熟鸡粪+磷酸二铵作为施肥配方,分析比较了5种施肥量对西瓜生长发育、产量及品质的影响,结果表明,在一定施肥量的范围内,产量随施肥量的增加而增加,综合所有因素,最佳施肥配方为每小区腐熟鸡粪30kg+磷酸二铵1.5kg。 相似文献
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钾对黄土区砀山酥梨产量及品质的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
连续４年钾肥试验表明,黄土区砀山酥梨施钾平均增产１９．７%,产投比在３．０以上。钾对酥梨内质及外观有明显的改善。施钾能增加酥梨一级果率,提高可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素Ｃ含量,糖酸比及果实硬度。钾能降低新梢生长量,增加百叶重及叶绿素含量,增大果实,协调果树营养生长和生殖生长的关系。此外,氯化钾有显著降低病虫果率的作用。从产量、品质、果树生长状况及经济效益综合考虑,氯化钾＋硫酸钙处理最佳。因此,酥梨应首选氯化钾,同时要补充硫素营养,Ｎ:Ｐ_２Ｏ_５:Ｋ_２Ｏ的大致比例为１:１:１。 相似文献
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