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1.
Yuko KITAMURA Justice Opare ODOI Makoto NAGAI Tetsuo ASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1948
Viral infection damages honeybee colony health. Viruses can be carried by queen bees and apicultural production materials when imported from foreign countries. We investigated seven honeybee viruses in worker bees (Apis mellifera) from 26 healthy apiaries in Gifu, Japan between 2018 and 2019. Black queen cell virus (BQCV) was detected in 23 (88.5%) of the apiaries, followed by Israeli acute paralysis virus (42.3%), deformed wing virus (DWV) (38.5%), and sacbrood virus (3.8%). In phylogenetic analysis, BQCV and DWV in Gifu were related to those in China and South Korea. Additionally, a high prevalence of BQCV was observed among worker bees in BQCV-positive colonies. Therefore, BQCV horizontal transmission among worker bees may contribute to the high prevalence of BQCV in Gifu. 相似文献
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Botías C Martín-Hernández R Garrido-Bailón E González-Porto A Martínez-Salvador A De la Rúa P Meana A Higes M 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):150-155
Microsporidiosis caused by infection with Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae has become one of the most widespread diseases of honey bees and can cause important economic losses for beekeepers. Honey can be contaminated by spores of both species and it has been reported as a suitable matrix to study the field prevalence of other honey bee sporulated pathogens. Historical honey sample collections from the CAR laboratory (Centro Apícola Regional) were analyzed by PCR to identify the earliest instance of emergence, and to determine whether the presence of Nosema spp. in honey was linked to the spread of these microsporidia in honey bee apiaries. A total of 240 frozen honey samples were analyzed by PCR and the results compared with rates of Nosema spp. infection in worker bee samples from different years and geographical areas. The presence of Nosema spp. in hive-stored honey from naturally infected honey bee colonies (from an experimental apiary) was also monitored, and although collected honey bees resulted in a more suitable sample to study the presence of microsporidian parasites in the colonies, a high probability of finding Nosema spp. in their hive-stored honey was observed. The first honey sample in which N. ceranae was detected dates back to the year 2000. In subsequent years, the number of samples containing N. ceranae tended to increase, as did the detection of Nosema spp. in adult worker bees. The presence of N. ceranae as early as 2000, long before generalized bee depopulation and colony losses in 2004 may be consistent with a long incubation period for nosemosis type C or related with other unknown factors. The current prevalence of nosemosis, primarily due to N. ceranae, has reached epidemic levels in Spain as confirmed by the analysis of worker honey bees and commercial honey. 相似文献
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Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida Gabriel Yuri Storino Daniele Araújo Pereira Igor Renan Honorato Gatto Luis Antonio Mathias Hélio José Montassier Luís Guilherme de Oliveira 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(1):25-30
Swine influenza (SI) is a seasonal infectious disease highly important to the world pig industry. Loss of daily weight gain, increased costs for the prevention and treatment of secondary infections are the main economic losses associated with the presence of this disease. However, some epidemiological features of SI remain quite unclear. This study focused on assessing the prevalence of swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in intensive and extensive pig herds and associating risk factors. A set of 601 blood samples of five intensive farrow-to-finish farms and 361 blood samples from 56 extensive farms were analyzed using an indirect ELISA kit CIVTEST SUIS INFLUENZA®, Hipra (Amer, Spain), in order to detect anti-SIV antibodies. In total, 24.13 % of samples from intensive herds were positive, while no positive samples were detected in extensive rearing herds. Sow and weaning piglets had the highest prevalence values. In the intensive rearing system, occurrence of reproductive disorders and exposure to recently introduced animals were positively associated with the disease occurrence in swine herds. The findings highlight the importance of sows in the epidemiology of the disease and bring information about risk factors involved in the occurrence of swine influenza in intensive herds. 相似文献
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Because ducks are considered an important reservoir for type A influenza virus, and type A influenza viruses had not been recovered from ducks in Ohio, a 3-year virus surveillance study was conducted in Ohio waterfowl and waterfowl passing through Ohio to determine if domestic turkeys were at risk of exposure to avian influenza (AI) viruses from the waterfowl reservoir. The prevalence of AI infections in ducks during the fall migration averaged about 5.9%. The 55 waterfowl-origin type A influenza viruses recovered from ducks during fall 1986, 1987, and 1988 represented 23 different hemagglutinin-neuraminidase sub-type combinations of type A influenza viruses. Virus recovery frequencies ranged from 3.6% to 7.8% between years, from 2.0% to 8.2% between study sites, from 0.0% to 16.7% for sampling days, and from 0.0% to 14.3% among species of ducks sampled. 相似文献
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调查了浙江省缙云县80家转地蜂场2011年生产蜂花粉的经济效益,结果显示:2011年蜂花粉平均产量3.49 kg/群,同比增长175.79%,平均产值87.70元/群,同比增长160.86%,占群总产值的7.85%,为8年来最高。其中,蜂花粉收入前10位蜂场的蜂群饲养量平均168群/家,蜂花粉收入35 007元/家(207.88元/群),占蜂场年总收入的16.48%,表明蜂花粉生产在提高蜂农经济效益中大有可为。在与历年数据综合比较分析的基础上,探讨了蜂花粉生产的经济效益以及存在的问题,并提出了一些合理化建议。 相似文献
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Sera from 456 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected between 1992 and 2003 from five geographical regions of Spain were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 65 (14.2%) wild rabbits. Prevalence of infection was significantly higher in samples collected from wild rabbits from Catalonia, northeast Spain (53.8%), where rabbits lived in forest, compared to other areas (Huelva and Cádiz, Andalucía, south Spain; Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, central Spain; and Zaragoza, Aragón, northeast Spain) with more dry conditions, where prevalence ranged from 6.1 to 14.6%. No differences were observed on prevalence and age (young animals <7 months of age compared to older animals), sex, date of samples collection or season of samples collection. The results indicate that prevalence of T. gondii in some areas of Spain is high, and this finding could have environmental and/or public health implications if wild rabbits are to be used as a source of food. 相似文献
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Lin Q Yuan GL Ai L Li J Li HL 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(3):355-356
The seroprevalence of B Virus (BV, Macacine herpesvirus 1) in bred cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in Cambodia was investigated. Blood samples were collected by venous puncture between 2007 and 2011, and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect IgG antibodies against BV. A total of 1710 blood samples were examined, and the overall prevalence of BV antibodies was 33.92% (580/1710). The young adult (2-6 years) monkeys had a seroprevalence of 30.57% (497/1626), and the older (>7 years) monkeys had a seroprevalence of 98.81% (83/84). The present investigation revealed that the prevalence of BV antibodies in bred cynomolgus monkeys was highly correlated with their age, with higher prevalence in older monkeys in Cambodia. 相似文献
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Jahangir A Watanabe Y Chinen O Yamazaki S Sakai K Okamura M Nakamura M Takehara K 《Avian diseases》2008,52(1):49-53
Among winter migratory waterfowl, Northern pintails (Anas acuta), in one of the largest flocks in Tohoku district, northeast Japan, were surveyed for influenza A viruses at five wintering sites in three prefectures, viz., Aomori, Akita, and Miyagi. A total of 38 influenza A viruses were isolated from 2066 fecal samples collected during November 2006 through March 2007. The overall isolation rate was 1.84%. Eleven different subtypes were isolated, including nine H5N2, seven H6N8, seven H10N1, four H4N6, three H6N1, three H11N9, and one each of H1N1, H6N2, H6N5, H10N9, H11N1. Only the H4N6 subtype was detected during two successive months, November and December, from Lake Ogawara of Aomori prefecture. One wintering site, Lake Izunuma of Miyagi prefecture, was negative for virus isolation throughout the study period. During the sampling period, the highest virus isolation rate was in December (4.90%) followed by November (2.18%), January (0.91%), and February (0.30%). Virus isolation was negative for samples collected in March 2007. These results suggest that influenza viruses are introduced by Northern pintail when they migrate into Japan, but the viruses are not maintained in the flocks, most likely because the birds are not breeding during the winter. We believe that this relatively large data set creates a strong foundation for future studies of avian influenza virus (AIV) prevalence, evolution, and ecology in wintering sites, along with the role of Northern pintails in the spread of AIV during their migration from northern Russia and Asia to Japan. 相似文献
10.
RL Sanson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):273-279
AIM: To use a simulation model of the spread of the Asian honeybee mite (Varroa destructor) amongst apiaries, to evaluate a series of detection surveillance programmes for the South Island of New Zealand. METHODS: Five potential incursion sites into the South Island were selected. A stochastic spatial simulation model, Varroa_sim, was adapted to simulate spread of the mite from these sites as a series of silent-phase propagating epidemics. The study population comprised all apiaries in the South Island registered in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry's (MAF's) apiary database in 2003. Six different surveillance programmes were simulated to try and detect the mite. Three of these were the actual multi-stage sampling plans conducted during the autumn (March–May) of 2001, 2002 and 2003, and the other three involved simple random sampling with sampling fractions equivalent to the actual numbers of apiaries tested in each of those years. The relative performances of the different surveillance plans were evaluated in terms of their ability to detect the mite early before it had spread too far and whilst there might still be a chance of eradication. RESULTS: There were 13,798 registered apiaries in the South Island with valid map coordinates in the apiary database at the time of the study. The model generated 50 epidemics against which the various surveillance programmes were evaluated. The actual surveillance programmes conducted during the autumn of 2001 and 2002 generally performed fairly well in detecting the mite. The programme conducted in autumn 2003 detected the mite reasonably well in high-risk areas, but was very poor in low-risk areas. The simple random sampling strategies performed surprisingly well, and their relative rankings were proportional to the sampling fractions employed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the value in using a spatial simulation model to generate plausible silent-phase epidemics, against which detection surveillance programmes could be evaluated, in ways that would otherwise not be possible. 相似文献
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Sanson RL 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2007,55(6):273-279
AIM: To use a simulation model of the spread of the Asian honeybee mite (Varroa destructor) amongst apiaries, to evaluate a series of detection surveillance programmes for the South Island of New Zealand. METHODS: Five potential incursion sites into the South Island were selected. A stochastic spatial simulation model, Varroa_ sim, was adapted to simulate spread of the mite from these sites as a series of silent-phase propagating epidemics. The study population comprised all apiaries in the South Island registered in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry's (MAF's) apiary database in 2003. Six different surveillance programmes were simulated to try and detect the mite. Three of these were the actual multi-stage sampling plans conducted during the autumn (March-May) of 2001, 2002 and 2003, and the other three involved simple random sampling with sampling fractions equivalent to the actual numbers of apiaries tested in each of those years. The relative performances of the different surveillance plans were evaluated in terms of their ability to detect the mite early before it had spread too far and whilst there might still be a chance of eradication. RESULTS: There were 13,798 registered apiaries in the South Island with valid map coordinates in the apiary database at the time of the study. The model generated 50 epidemics against which the various surveillance programmes were evaluated. The actual surveillance programmes conducted during the autumn of 2001 and 2002 generally performed fairly well in detecting the mite. The programme conducted in autumn 2003 detected the mite reasonably well in high-risk areas, but was very poor in low-risk areas. The simple random sampling strategies performed surprisingly well, and their relative rankings were proportional to the sampling fractions employed. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the value in using a spatial simulation model to generate plausible silent-phase epidemics, against which detection surveillance programmes could be evaluated, in ways that would otherwise not be possible. 相似文献
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Characterization of widespread canine leishmaniasis among wild carnivores from Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sobrino R Ferroglio E Oleaga A Romano A Millan J Revilla M Arnal MC Trisciuoglio A Gortázar C 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,155(3-4):198-203
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an emerging zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean countries, with sand flies (Phlebotomus spp.) as vectors and dogs as the main domestic reservoir. The role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis is still controversial. In order to determine the prevalence of natural infection with L. infantum in wild carnivores from Spain, we analyzed 217 samples by PCR and western blotting and used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to compare the patterns present in wild carnivores with those of domestic dogs from the same areas. DNA of the parasite was detected in spleen or blood samples from 35 (16.12%) analyzed wild carnivores, including 8 of 39 (20.5%) wolves (Canis lupus), 23 of 162 (14.1%) foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 2 of 7 (28.6%) Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), 1 of 4 genets (Geneta geneta), and 1 of 4 Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus). No significant sex or age differences in prevalence were observed in wolves and foxes (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference among regions in foxes (P<0.05). A total of 12 PCR-RFLP patterns were found in foxes, 6 in wolves, 4 in dogs, 2 in Egyptian mongooses and 1 in lynx and genet. RFLP patterns differed between dogs and foxes in the two areas where they could be compared. This is the first study of canine leishmaniasis in wild canids and other carnivores from different regions of Spain by PCR. The prevalence of infection indicates the existence of natural infection in apparently healthy wild carnivore populations, and our results are suggestive of a sylvatic cycle independent of dogs. 相似文献
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Neospora caninum is a canine parasite which is considered a significant cause of bovine abortion. Two cattle herd groups were serologically studied with the objective of studying the prevalence of infection by N. caninum associated with BHV1 and BVDV infections. In group I, 15 dairy herds (476 samples) naturally infected by the three infectious agents were analyzed,. In group II, three dairy herds (100 samples) of cows vaccinated for two viruses were analyzed, in order to determine the infection prevalence by N. caninum. In the first group, an infection prevalence of 12.61, 34 and 28.3% was determined for N. caninum BHV1 and BVDV, respectively. In the second group, a seropositive prevalence of 46, 85 and 76%, respectively, was determined for N. caninum, BVH1 and BVDV. In the first group, the virus and N. caninum had shown in the first group 4.41% positive samples in association with BVH1, 3.15% with BVDV, and 8.41% with BVH1 and BVDV. 相似文献
15.
Lipiński Z Szubstarski J Szubstarska D Kasztelewicz J 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2007,10(2):71-74
We analysed 251 early spring and winter storage honey samples, individually collected from the apiaries of 9 districts of Malopo?ska province in South Poland and revealed that 51 of these specimens were contaminated with different levels of P. larvae larvae spores Among these samples 8.8% were classified as a category I contamination and 11.5% as a category II--reperesenting 22 (43.1%) and 29 (56.9%) of the total positives, respectively. We conclude from these analyses that: (1)--the total number of new outbreaks of AFB in Poland are most likely to be higher than previously reported, (2)--the quantitative examination of samples of winter stored or early spring honeys for the presence of P. larvae, larvae spores can improve the detection rate of AFB outbreaks, (3)--the high percentage of apiaries that were found to be free of P. larvae larvae (80%) may facilitate the implementation of an AFB eradication programme on a large scale in Poland. 相似文献
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Figuerola J Jiménez-Clavero MA López G Rubio C Soriguer R Gómez-Tejedor C Tenorio A 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,132(1-2):39-46
The rapid range expansion of West Nile Virus has raised interest in understanding the population dynamics and dispersal patterns of emerging infectious diseases by wildlife. We analyzed different ecological and evolutionary factors related to West Nile Virus neutralizing antibody prevalence in 72 bird species sampled in southern Spain. Prevalence of antibodies reached its maximum during the autumn and winter in comparison to summer months. Prevalence of antibodies was directly related to body mass and migratory behaviour. The greater prevalence of antibodies observed in summer migrants can be explained, among other factors, by the diversity of localities involved in their life cycles or the geographic areas visited during their migrations. Greater prevalence in larger species was explained by their longevity because the relationship was already significant when analyzing only first year birds, and probably also involved a high attraction to vectors by larger hosts. Coloniality and winter gregarism were unrelated to the prevalence of antibodies against this highly host generalist pathogen. Evolutionary relationships between species were unrelated to differences in the prevalence of antibodies. Our results suggest larger species as good candidates for easy, faster and cheaper monitoring of local, seasonal and annual changes in WN virus serology. 相似文献
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Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in bulls in artificial insemination centers in Poland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study was directed at the evaluation of the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in bulls in artificial insemination centers. Both serological and virological examinations were performed. Blood samples were tested in micro-seroneutralization test for BVDV antibodies. Virus isolation was performed in cell culture and BVDV antigen was detected in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies. One hundred and seventy-five serum samples and 219 whole blood samples for virus isolation were tested. Neutralizing antibodies were found in 86% of the bulls. Persistent infection (PI) was detected in 0.9% of the analyzed blood samples. 相似文献
19.
S T Grubbs S A Kania L N Potgieter 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(2):128-132
Subgroup-specific peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from the G-protein of the ovine and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respectively, were used to determine the prevalence of the ovine and bovine subgroup strains of RSV infections in cattle. A total of 1,102 bovine serum samples were obtained from 6 diagnostic laboratories located in the northwestern and the southeastern USA and were tested for antibody to either the bovine or ovine subgroups of RSV. Antibody to viruses from each subgroup was present in samples from each region and all states tested. The Southeast had a higher prevalence of the bovine subgroup strains (69.5%). Then did the Northwest (40.9%). The prevalence of the ovine strain was similar for the two regions (16.7% in the southeast, 14.9% in the northwest). The overall prevalence was 56.6% for the bovine strain and 15.9% for the ovine strain. These results suggest members of the ovine subgroup of RSV circulate in the cattle population but with less frequency than those viruses of the bovine subgroup. 相似文献