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1.
喹诺酮类抗菌药对动物支原体试验结果 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
１２种喹诺酮抗菌药对动物１５种支原体的体外活性试验获得结果：新的喹诺酮类比旧的喹诺酮抗支原体活性更强。其中环丙沙星对猪肺炎支原体的活性最强，１６株的几何平均最低抑菌溶液０．０１ｕｇ／ｍｌ。泰莫林、泰乐菌素、土霉素和庆大霉素的ＭＩＣ分别为０．０４ｕｇ／ｍｌ、０．０６ｕｇ／ｍｌ、０．１７ｕｇ／ｍｌ和０．２３ｕｇ／ｍｌ，猪滑液囊支原体对喹诺酮类敏感性低，氧氯沙星和环丙沙星的ＭＩＣ分别为０．６ｕｇ／ｍｌ和 相似文献
2.
氟罗沙星对禽败血霉形体（Mycoplasma gallisepticum）病的药效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
体外抑菌试验测得氟罗沙星（Ｆｌｅｒｏｘａｃｉｎ）对禽败血霉形体（Ｍｙｃｏｐｌａｓｍａｇａｌｉｓｅｐｔｉｃｕｍ）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）为０．０１５ｍｇ／Ｌ。体内药效试验表明,氟罗沙星以２５、５０、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ饮水给药和以５、１０、１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ肌注给药（１次／ｄ）,连续用药５ｄ,对人工气囊接种禽败血霉形体培养液（０．２ｍＬ,约含１０８ｃｆｕ）的雏鸡,保护率均为１００％（３０／３０）,而感染不给药组雏鸡存活率为９３．３％（２８／３０）;相对增重率分别为９０．８％、９１．５％、９２．３％和９１．５％、９１．８％、９２．９％,显著高于感染不给药组（７３．２％）;气囊损伤分分别为２．９３、２．６２、０．９３和１．８、１．１、１．０,而感染不给药组为６．５７,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）;血清玻板凝集试验阳性率分别为２０％（２／１０）、１０％（１／１０）、０（０／１０）和３０％（３／１０）、１０％（１／１０）、１０％（１／１０）,均极显著低于感染不给药组１００％（１０／１０）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。氟罗沙星不同给药途径及不同剂量间药效差异不显著。 相似文献
3.
新生反刍动物血浆cAMP和cGMP水平变化初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
初步观察了６头黑白花犊牛和３只湖羊羔生后２４ｈ内血浆环腺苷酸（ｃＡＭＰ）和环鸟苷酸（ｃＧＭＰ）水平变化。结果表明：犊牛出生时ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ分别为１．１２±０．１０ｐＭ／ｍｌ和０．８７±０．０４ｐＭ／ｍｌ，羔羊生后１ｈ分别为１．２０±０．０１ｐＭ／ｍｌ和０．３９±０．０１ｐＭ／ｍｌ，在生后２～４ｈ内犊牛和羔羊ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ均呈上升趋势，以后在相对高水平波动直至２４ｈ，ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ比值生后较高，２ｈ内下降，以后处于较低的比值直至２４ｈ 相似文献
4.
本文报道以国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药－－乙基环丙沙星（Ｅｎｒｏｆ－ｌｏｘａｃｉｎ），进行对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究（２３０头猪）。试管两倍稀释法测得乙基环丙沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ５５１２０）和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ５４）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８及０．０５ｕｇ／ｍｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和水肿病的实验性治疗结果表明，乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、 相似文献
5.
高浓度铁剂对哺乳仔猪生长发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用随机单位组设计，将１６窝的９６头哺乳仔猪分为３组，每组３２头。试验１组、２组于３日龄分别注射１ｍｌ自制的高浓度铁剂“铁血素１号”（含铁１５０ｍｇ／ｍｌ）、“铁血素２号”（含铁１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ），３组为空白对照。试验结果：３５日龄断奶时，１组和２组的日增重分别比对照组高３６．７６％和３２．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；３日龄时，每１００ｍｌ血液中血红蛋白含量，各组均在９～１０ｇ（Ｐ＞０．０５），到１２、２５、３５日龄时，１组和２组均在１２～１４ｇ，与对照组的６～９ｇ相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１组、２组的经济效益分别比对照组高３６．１２％和３１．９０％。 相似文献
6.
7.
碱茅属植物抗盐性与抗盐机制的研究进展 总被引：23，自引：5，他引：18
本文主要概括了甘肃草原生态研究所的有关研究结果认为：碱茅（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ）种子萌动（相对发芽率达５０％）时的硫酸盐盐渍度２．５～２．７ｇ／１００ｍｌ，ＮａＣｌ为１．６～１．８ｇ／１００ｍｌ，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３为０．９～１．２ｇ／１００ｍｌ。碱茅的抗盐机制为：（１）对Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋的选择性吸收与运输；（２）渗透调节适应；（３）合成积累有机物质的保护作用等多途径。小花碱茅叶片无盐腺组织，纠正了将其划为泌盐植物的观点。在灌溉条件下建植的Ｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ－Ｐ．ｃｈｉｎａｍｐｏｅｎｓｉｓ草地，有改良耕层土壤的作用，土壤盐分的下移灌水起主导作用；减少返积盐（向上返盐），草起主要作用。 相似文献
8.
恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
就畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药恩诺沙星对鸡人工感染大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效进行了研究。结果表明，恩诺沙星、氯霉素对大肠杆菌Ｏ７８的ＭＩＣ分别为０．０５、１．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ；恩诺沙星、红霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ５６０５株的ＭＩＣ分别为０．２、３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。人工发病试验中，恩诺沙星内服以５、１０、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量或肌注以２．５、５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量，每天给药２次，连用３ｄ，对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病均有较好的疗效，其中对大肠杆菌病的疗效明显优于氯霉素 相似文献
9.
经３１种药物体外抑菌试验筛选，有７种药药对曲霉属、青霉属、镰刀菌属、毛霉属、根霉属、犁头霉属等１４种霉菌达到完全抑制生长作用，属于兽用广谱抗霉菌药物。其ＭＩＣ分别是结晶紫０．０１￣１．０％、煌绿０．１￣１．０％、硫酸铜０．３￣０．４％、大蒜酊１０￣２０％、蜂胶酊５￣１０％、氯化亚铈２￣４ｍｇ／ｍｌ、氯化镧２￣４ｍｇ／ｍｌ。后４种属于抗霉菌新药，ＭＢＣ分别是：大蒜酊１５￣３０％、蜂胶酊１０￣２０％、 相似文献
10.
鸡新城疫CS2株病毒的筛选鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对新城疫病毒Ｉ系株（Ｍｕｋｔｅｓｗａｒ）按其在ＳＰＦ鸡胚成纤维细胞上的蚀斑大小进行筛选，经４次克隆之后，选出了小蚀斑株ＣＳ２作为目的株，此株ＭＤＴ／ＭＬＤ，ＩＣＰＩ和ＩＶＰＩ分别为５２．４小时，０．６４和０．２３，而其母株Ｉ系的分别为４８小时，１．７和０．３２５。此株比Ｉ系更为安全。 相似文献
11.
Chao-Fu Chang Lin-Chu Chang Yung-Fu Chang Michael Chen Tai-Sheng Chiang 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(2):153-157
Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined for ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, lincomycin, lincospectin (lincomycin/spectinomycin), neomycin, premafloxacin, spectinomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and tetracycline against a total of 180 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella choleraesuis (60 each) clinically isolated from pigs on farms in Taiwan from 1994 to 1996. No more than 3 isolates per farm were used. Ceftiofur had the highest activity in vitro against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 0.03, 2, and 1 microg/ml, respectively. Premafloxacin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 2, 8, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively, which were lower than those with enrofloxacin (MIC90 8, 32, and 2 microg/ml, respectively). Neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli, with MIC90 values of 8 and 64 microg/ml, respectively, but was inactive with S. choleraesuis. Gentamicin showed high activity against A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 2 microg/ml) but was only moderately active with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 of 64 and 32 microg/ml). Cephalothin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 1 microg/ml) but was inactive with E. coli (MIC90 of 128 microg/ml). Lincomycin had moderate activity (MIC90 of 32 microg/ml) against A. pleuropneumoniae. Chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were inactive with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 > 128 microg/ml). In conclusion, ceftiofur and premafloxacin were highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, enrofloxacin and gentamicin were highly to moderately active; cephalothin was highly active against A. pleuropneumoniae and moderately active against S. cholearesuis; chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were active only with A. pleuropneumoniae; neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli. The other antimicrobials tested were inactive. 相似文献
12.
为评价石榴皮止泻散的体外抑菌效果，将石榴皮止泻散制成水煎液，采用平板法进行体外抑菌试验，并采用试管稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示，平板法体外抑菌试验中每1 mL含1 g生药的石榴皮止泻散水煎液孔周围有明显的抑菌圈，平均抑菌圈直径分别为14.0和15.7 mm;试管稀释法测定石榴皮止泻散对大肠杆菌的MIC为25 mg/mL,MBC为50 mg/mL。结论，石榴皮止泻散水煎液在体外对大肠杆菌具有抑制和杀灭作用。 相似文献
13.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICS) and minimum mycoplasmacidal concentrations (MMCs) of danofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin and tilmicosin against 62 recent British field isolates of Mycoplasma bovis were determined in vitro by a broth microdilution method. The isolates were most susceptible todanofloxacin with MIC90 and MMC90 values of 0.5 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively. They were less susceptible to florfenicol with a MIC90 of 16 microg/ml and MMC90 of 32 microg/ml. Oxytetracycline and spectinomycin had only a limited effect against the majority of isolates tested with MIC50s of 32 microg/ml and 4 microg/ml, respectively and MIC90s of 64 microg/ml and more than 128 microg/ml, respectively. Nearly 20 per cent of the isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, and tilmicosin was ineffective, with 92 per cent of the isolates having MIC values of 128 microg/ml or greater. There was no evidence of resistance by M bovis to danofloxacin. 相似文献
14.
Chockalingam A McKinney CE Rinaldi M Zarlenga DS Bannerman DD 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,125(1-2):80-90
Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for approximately one-third of the clinical cases of bovine mastitis and can elicit a life-threatening, systemic inflammatory response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria and is largely responsible for evoking the inflammatory response. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy for treating Gram-negative infections remains suboptimal. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a neutrophil-derived protein with antimicrobial and LPS-neutralizing properties. Select peptide derivatives of BPI are reported to retain these properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a human BPI-derived synthetic peptide against clinical bovine mastitis isolates of Gram-negative bacteria. A hybrid peptide was synthesized corresponding to two regions of human BPI (amino acids 90-99 and 148-161), the former of which has bactericidal activity and the latter of which has LPS-neutralizing activity. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of this peptide against various genera of bacteria were determined using a broth microdilution assay. The MIC's were determined to be: 16-64 microg/ml against Escherichia coli; 32-128 microg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp.; and 64-256 microg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MBC's were equivalent to or 1-fold greater than corresponding MIC's. The peptide had no growth inhibitory effect on Serratia marcescens. The antimicrobial activity of the peptide was retained in the presence of serum, but severely impaired in milk. Further functional evaluation of the peptide demonstrated its ability to completely neutralize LPS. Together, these data support additional investigations into the therapeutic application of BPI to the treatment of Gram-negative infections in cattle. 相似文献
15.
The pharmacodynamic effect of amoxycillin and danofloxacin against two strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was evaluated in an in-vitro pharmacodynamic model. For amoxycillin peak concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 4 microg ml(-1)and half-lives of 3 and 15 hours were examined. For danofloxacin peak concentrations of 0.125, 0.5, and 1. 5 microg ml(-1)and half-lives of 1.5 and 7 hours were evaluated. The initial bactericidal effect was measured as the reduction in colony count (log CFU ml(-1)) during the first three hours, and the overall pharmacodynamic effect as the area under the bacterial growth versus time curve (AUBC).The initial bactericidal effect of amoxycillin was maximal at peak concentrations of two to four times the MIC. Peak concentration and half-life only influenced the pharmacodynamic effect of amoxycillin if the antibiotic concentration fell below the MIC during the experiments, which is consistent with time >MIC as the most important parameter of pharmacodynamic effect of beta-lactam drugs.For danofloxacin maximal bactericidal effect initially was observed at peak concentrations of at least eight times the MIC. The pharmacodynamic effect was dependent on the peak concentration. The half-life only influenced the pharmacodynamic effect of danofloxacin in experiments with a peak concentration MIC ratio of less than eight. This indicated that for danofloxacin the peak concentration was the major determinant of pharmacodynamic effect. 相似文献
16.
Summary The minimal inhititory concentration (MIC) of tilmicosin and oxytetracycline was dertermined for Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from Dutch cattle in 1991. The agar dilution method was used. Of the Pasteurella haemolytica strains examined, 96% (24) had a MIC for tilmicosin of 2 μg/ml or lower; in one strain the MIC was 8 μg/ml. The MIC for oxytetracycline was equal to or higher than 64 μg/ml in 19 strains (76%), whereas for 5 strains the MIC was 1 μg/ml and for 1 strain 2 μg/ml. 相似文献
17.
Hebert D Eschner A 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2010,11(3):E1-E9
The in vitro activity of 10 cephalosporin antimicrobial agents against 75 isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius derived from dogs was assessed. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of strains (MIC90) values obtained were for cephalothin, cefovecin, and cefazolin (0.12 ug/mL), followed by ceftiofur and cefoxitin (0.25 ug/mL), cefpodoxime (0.5 ug/mL), and cefaclor and cefadroxil (1 ug/mL). The highest MIC90 values were found for cephalexin and cefixime (2 ug/mL). In this in vitro study, sensitivity to cephalothin was indicative of cephalexin susceptibility, although there were marked differences in MICs. Cephalothin susceptibility was not indicative of susceptibility to all tested cephalosporins, nor was there a clear trend in susceptibility based on cephalosporin generation. 相似文献
18.
Doo Kim Dorsey Kordick Thomas Divers Yung-Fu Chang 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):355-359
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with 6 different spirochetal strains (4 strains of Leptospira spp. and 2 strains of Borrelia burgdorferi) against 3 antimicrobial agents, commonly used in equine and bovine practice. The ranges of MIC and MBC of amoxicillin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05-6.25 µg/ml and 6.25-25.0 µg/ml, respectively. And the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of amoxicillin against B. burgdorferi were 0.05-0.39 µg/ml and 0.20-0.78 µg/ml, respectively. The ranges of MIC and MBC of enrofloxacin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05-0.39 µg/ml and 0.05-0.39 µg/ml, respectively. Two strains of B. burgdorferi were resistant to enrofloxacin at the highest concentration tested for MBC (≥100 µg/ml). Therefore, the potential role of tilmicosin in the treatment of leptospirosis and borreliosis should be further evaluated in animal models to understand whether the in vivo studies will confirm in vitro results. All spirochetal isolates were inhibited (MIC) and were killed (MBC) by tilmicosin at concentrations below the limit of testing (≤0.01 µg/ml). 相似文献
19.
Fitzgerald SL Greyling JM Bragg RR 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1998,65(4):317-320
Twenty five freeze-dried isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale were used for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against the antibiotic fosfomycin (Fosbac, produced by Bedson SA, consisting of a 25% mixture of fosfomycin). The same isolates were tested for their ability to haemagglutinate chicken red blood cells. Ten of the 25 isolates were found to be susceptible to fosfomycin (MIC values below 128 ug/ml). All of these isolates were able to agglutinate red blood cells. This is the first report on the ability of O. rhinotracheale to agglutinate red blood cells. The remaining 15 isolates were resistant to fosfomycin (MIC values above 128 ug/ml). Only five of these isolates were found to have the ability to agglutinate red blood cells. There appears to be a correlation between the ability of O. rhinotracheale isolates to agglutinate red blood cells and their susceptibility to fosfomycin. The ability of certain isolates of O. rhinotracheale to agglutinate red blood cells, raises the questions of differences in virulence between the isolates which can agglutinate red blood cells and those which cannot and the use of this ability to agglutinate red blood cells as an alternative method for serotyping O. rhinotracheale. 相似文献
20.
Carlson K Kuskie K Chaffin K Libal M Giguere S Lawhon S Cohen N 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2010,11(2):E1-E9
This study determined the antimicrobial activity of tulathromycin against Rhodococcus equi in vitro. Ninety-eight virulent isolates of R. equi from equine clinical cases were examined, of which 20 isolates were macrolide resistant. A custom 96-well antimicrobial susceptibility testing plate was used, allowing 14 additional antimicrobials to be tested against R. equi. Isolates were cultured with various concentrations of antimicrobials, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined. Tulathromycin was found to have poor activity in vitro against R. equi isolates susceptible or resistant to macrolides, with MIC50 and MIC90 values >64 ug/mL for all isolates. MIC values for other macrolides tested were similar to previously published data. 相似文献