共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
呋喃丹降解菌的分离与特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用富集驯化培养方法,从长期施用呋喃丹的大豆田土壤中分离到1株可高效降解呋喃丹的菌株.生物降解表明,5 d内该菌株生物降解农药牢达到94.7%;降解后期培养液采用气质联用分析方法末能检测到原药呋喃丹,检测到有新的化合物生成,而对照培养液中末发现有该类化合物的生成.同时无机盐培养液后期有红色现象生成,可能与呋喃酚开环有关;无细胞提取液加入农药重新培养表明,菌株可通过分泌胞外诱导酶在周质空间内降解农药;经16S rDNA鉴定,初步认为该菌株属于沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.). 相似文献
2.
从玉米田土壤中分离出1株阿特拉津降解菌W24,通过生理生化反应和16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定该菌株为类节杆菌(Paenarthrobacter sp.)。菌株W24能利用阿特拉津作为氮源生长,当底物浓度为100 mg/L时,在适宜温度(20℃～35℃)、pH值为6～9,该菌株对阿特拉津的降解率均在40%以上、在最适温度(30℃)、pH值为7条件下培养72 h后,降解率达94.2%;当底物浓度为500 mg/L时,阿特拉津降解率仍达到40.4%。污染土壤的生物修复结果表明,菌株W24在培养35 d时对污染土壤中阿特拉津(50 mg/kg)的降解率为83.5%,菌株W24表现出很好的应用潜力。 相似文献
3.
利用热解法从DLl805真菌壁上提取寡聚糖(DLO),用浸种法处理大豆种子,处理时间为4 h,自然条件下播种于盛有灭菌蛭石的塑料筐内,观察DLO对大豆生长的影响.结果显示:用浓度为1、5、50 mg·L-1的寡聚糖处理大豆种子,生长9 d后,处理植株生长普遍好于对照植株,并且随处理浓度的增大诱导生长的效果越好,浓度为50 mg.L-1的效果最为显著,与对照相比,茎粗增加5%以上,株高增加17%以上,鲜重增加15%以上,干重增加5%以上,茎干重增加2.8%以上.DLO能诱导大豆植保素的产生,在5个处理浓度中随浓度的加大诱导效果也逐渐增强,100 mg·L-1的时候OD(A 286)达到1.103.因此,DL1805菌壁降解寡聚糖能较好地诱导大豆的生长,并且还能诱导植保素的产生提高大豆的抗病能力. 相似文献
4.
从生产毒死蜱农药厂采集的活性污泥中分离筛选得到2株降解效率较高的毒死蜱降解菌,命名为D1、D3,根据表型特征、生理生化特性和16 S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将其鉴定为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)和副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.)细菌。2株菌以最佳配比(1∶1.25)混合施用时,与单菌相比,毒死蜱降解效率可提高12%~26%;以混合菌株为研究对象,发现其对毒死蜱最适降解温度为30℃,最适降解pH值为7.0,最适NaCl浓度为0.5%;混合菌株施入土壤后,可保持较高的定殖能力和降解效率。 相似文献
5.
高效降解真菌对大豆田除草剂氯嘧磺隆的降解特性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
经过摇瓶富集培养,从氯嘧磺隆驯化的土壤中分离出一株大豆田除草剂氯嘧磺隆高效降解真菌,实验室暂时命名为F8.F8的纯培养结果表明:在28℃,接种量5%(体积比)的麦芽汁液体培养基中,120r·min-1振摇96h,其对10mg·L-1氯嘧磺隆的降解率达93.85%.当F8加到土壤中时,可明显促进氯嘧磺隆的降解,在28℃,土壤含水量20%,接种量20ml·kg-1时可使30ug·kg-1氯嘧磺隆的降解半衰期由自然条件下的46.52d缩短为15.03d. 相似文献
6.
植物诱导抗病性是植物保护的一项新措施,灰斑病是大豆的重要病害之一,目前生产中主要是推广抗病品种进行预防.而有关诱导大豆抗灰斑病的研究报道极少,本研究主要是利用两种常见的化学诱导因子来探讨对大豆抗灰斑病的诱抗效果,为进一步开发高效、安全、环保的诱抗剂奠定理论基础.选用水杨酸(SA)和壳聚糖两种诱抗剂处理感病品种黑农35和中抗品种东农42,当大豆第4片复叶完全展开时,分别在当天和以后的5,10 d对大豆植株进行不同的诱导处理.结果表明,当水杨酸浓度为1 000 mg·L-1时连续叶喷三次,使黑农35和东农42的诱抗效果分别达到了72.2%和66.7%;浓度为1 000 mg·L-1的壳聚糖叶喷对黑农35和东农42的诱抗效果分别达到了72.2%和55.6%;而10 000 mg·L-1壳聚糖溶液浸种与1 000 mg·L-1壳聚糖溶液叶喷混用对于黑农35和东农42诱导作用最强,诱抗效果分别可达88.9%和72.2%.说明水杨酸和壳聚糖均能够诱导大豆品种(黑农35和东农42)对灰斑病产生较高的抗性.诱抗效果因所用试剂的浓度及作物品种而异,施用方法以及施用次数也影响诱抗效果,水杨酸在适宜浓度下对黑农35的诱抗效果明显高于东农42. 相似文献
7.
为了研究农杆菌介导的小麦成熟胚转化的影响因素,以6个小麦品种成熟胚为外植体进行离体培养,以EHA105和LBA4404农杆菌为供体(含有pCAMBIA1305双元载体)材料,研究了诱导培养基、分化培养基、农杆菌菌株、愈伤组织诱导培养时间、农杆菌菌液浓度和侵染时间对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导、分化、再生的影响。结果表明:(1)以小麦品种小偃22的成熟胚为材料,获得最佳的诱导培养基方案(MS+2mg.L-1 2,4-D+0.5mg.L-1 KT+500mg.L-1水解酪蛋白+150mg.L-1天门冬酰胺)和分化培养基方案(MS+2mg.L-1 ZT+0.5mg.L-1 KT);(2)6个小麦品种中,洛阳8176和张掖春小麦具有较强的再生能力,筛选培养后较多的愈伤组织分化出小绿点;(3)洛阳8716和张掖春小麦的成熟胚,经愈伤组织诱导培养6-7d,农杆菌侵染后愈伤组织再生能力强;(4)农杆菌侵染后愈伤组织的再生能力与农杆菌菌株的关系不明显,而与小麦品种基因型、侵染时间和菌液浓度有较明显的关系;(5)以小麦洛阳8716和张掖春小麦成熟胚愈伤组织为受体,黑暗条件下诱导培养6-7d,在24±1℃黑暗条件下共培养3d和500mg.L-1羧苄青霉素(Cb)除菌及10mg.L-1潮霉素筛选处理后,共得到分化植株23株,其中以洛阳8716为受体材料,由农杆菌LBA4404和EHA105转化得到的植株分别为11株和4株,植株分化率分别为3.57%和1.31%;以张掖春小麦为受体材料,由农杆菌LBA4404和EHA105转化得到的植株分别为5株和3株,植株分化率分别为1.57%和1.14%。 相似文献
8.
以筛选出的3株高效氯嘧磺隆降解细菌(A2、A5和A6)为实验对象,研究碳源、氮源、pH、温度及氯嘧磺隆初始浓度对菌株生长的影响,确定其最适培养条件。A2、A5和A6生长的最适碳源为乳糖,氮源为蛋白胨。A2生长最适乳糖浓度为20 g·L-1,最适蛋白胨浓度为10 g·L-1,适宜pH值范围5.4～7.0,最适pH值6.0,生长的适宜温度范围25～36℃,最适温度28℃;A5和A6生长最适乳糖浓度为15 g·L-1,最适蛋白胨浓度为10 g·L-1,适宜pH值范围5.4～8.0,最适pH值5.4,生长的适宜温度范围25～36℃,最适温度28℃。3株菌于最佳培养条件下,培养60 h,其最大菌密度(OD600)可分别达到1.802、1.804和1.887,分别是野生菌株的15.5、8.4和42.9倍。 相似文献
9.
目前含芽孢杆菌等微生物制剂的有机肥料在酸性茶园土壤中的生物活性不高,难以起到有效的促生作用,达到部分替代和减少化肥使用量的目的。本实验分离得到1株耐酸铝芽孢杆菌,命名为QM7。试验发现菌株促生能力受到铝离子浓度的影响,在无铝条件下菌株生长素(IAA)的分泌量为85.6 mg·L~(-1),当铝离子浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1)时IAA分泌量为36.8 mg·L~(-1);盆栽结果表明,在6周内菌株可以增加茶苗根系表面积56.8%,根尖数27.3%;蛋白电泳分析发现高浓度的铝胁迫会导致菌株胞内64种与转录、翻译和代谢相关蛋白的表达发生差异,使得菌株生长受到抑制。 相似文献
10.
Cr6+胁迫对大豆幼苗生理生化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在培养箱中用含有不同浓度K2Cr2O7的Hoagland营养液处理有4片叶子的大豆幼苗,8 d后测量其生理指标以揭示Cr6+对大豆幼苗毒害机制.结果表明:低浓度K2Cr2O7(5 mg·L-1)对大豆幼苗的生长有促进作用,与对照相比,其株高、叶绿素含量分别增加了4.97%、18.2%,MDA含量降低了15.95%,POD活性差异不显著;而高浓度K2Cr2O7(10~100 mg·L-1)对大豆幼苗有显著毒害作用,随K2Cr2O7浓度的增加,其株高、叶绿素含量显著降低,脯氨酸含量升高、细胞膜透性增大,POD活性显著降低,幼苗生长受到抑制. 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献