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1.
Organochlorine residues of TDE, DDE, and PCBs as high as 1.96, 2.79, and 28.74 microgram/kg, respectively, have been found in sediments of American Falls Reservoir, Idaho. Residues of TDE, DDE, and dieldrin in the flesh of sport fish were as high as 52.3, 67.2, and 160.4 microgram/kg, respectively. Maximum organochlorine residue levels found in sucker taken in the commercial fishery were 1.1 mg PCBs/kg, 781.7 microgram TDE/kg, and 82.1 microgram DDE/kg. 相似文献
2.
Mercury concentrations were determined in muscle and liver of 41 species of fish and a limited number of plankton, sediment, and invertebrate samples collected from North Atlantic offshore waters in 1971. The average mercury concentration in fish muscle was 0.154 ppm with a standard deviation of 0.124. Invertebrate samples had mercury concentrations which were generally less than 0.1 ppm. In a single lobster sample, however, 0.31 ppm mercury was found in the tail muscle and there was 0.60 ppm in the liver. Mercury levels in all 9 plankton and 10 sediment samples taken were less than 0.05 ppm. 相似文献
3.
R Frank M Holdrinet H E Braun D P Dodge G E Sprangler 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1978,12(2):60-68
Five species of fish from Lake Superior and 12 species from Lake Huron were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between 1968 and 1975. Mean residues of sigma DDT peaked at 1.72 ppm and 7.60 ppm in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lakes Superior and Huron, respectively. By 1975, the mean level of sigma DDT had decreased in lake trout and was highest in bloaters (Coregonus hoi) from both lakes: 1.06 ppm and 1.87 ppm, respectively. Dieldrin levels in fish from Lake Superior changed little over the same period. However, in 1969-70, dieldrin levels in fish from Lake Huron exceeded the 0.3 ppm tolerance level set by Health and Welfare Canada or the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in 5 percent of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and 10 percent of bloaters. By 1975, 50 percent of bloaters caught in Georgian Bay and North Channel had dieldrin levels above 0.3 ppm. PCB residues declined in lake trout and lake whitefish caught in Lake Superior between 1971 and 1975, but increased slightly in bloaters and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). Mean PCB residues in bloaters caught in Lake Huron in 1969-71 and 1975-76, and splake (Salvelinus fontinalis and S. namaycush) and cisco (Coregonus artedii) caught in 1975 exceeded the 2 ppm tolerance level. 相似文献
4.
Gaafer A. El-Zorgani 《Pest management science》1976,7(2):150-152
Twenty-eight specimens representing five types of fish and five types of birds from the Gezira Research Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan, were analysed for residues of organochlorine insecticides. All fish muscle samples were found to contain pp′-DDE, pp′-TDE and pp′-DDT in total concentrations ranging from 0.27 to 16.0 mg/kg. In addition to DDT-type residues, dieldrin (HEOD) was also found in the majority of bird samples. Concentrations in bird breast muscle ranged from 0.07 to 5.5 mg/kg. When bird liver samples were examined they were found to contain higher residues than the breast muscle in nearly all cases. 相似文献
5.
PCB residues in fish from 41 stations throughout New York State were monitored in 1975. Nearly all fish contained PCB's in detectable amounts although the levels of contamination and specific Aroclor varied. The Hudson River contained the highest known PCB concentrations within the United States; levels often exceeded 100 ppm. Other waters and fish which were significantly contaminated include Lake Ontario salmonids and Cayuga Lake lake trout. Onondaga Lake, previously closed to fishing because of mercury contamination, also appears to have abnormally high levels of PCB's approaching in some instances the action level of the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Samples from marine waters generally have contaminant levels substantially below 5.0 ppm. 相似文献
6.
Two wild oat herbicides, benzoylprop-ethyl and flamprop-methyl were administered to lactating cows at low dose levels (0.3–3.0 mg/kg in total diet) and the excretion of total metabolites in milk, urine and faeces was measured. Total residues in tissues were also determined. Similarly a third and related herbicide flamprop-isopropyl was fed to cows, pigs and hens (at 0.5 mg/kg in total diet) and the residues were determined in excreta and tissues, including eggs. The amounts of the compounds fed were equivalent to approximately 10–300 times the total residue found in cereal treated in the field. Residues in milk in most cases were well below 0.001 mg/kg; in muscle samples <0.003 mg/kg; and in eggs, 0.0008 mg/kg, decreasing by 50% in approximately 3 days to 0.0001 mg/kg 4 days after the termination of treatment. Elimination of the herbicides from the animals was rapid in every case and this, together with the low residue levels, was attributed to very efficient metabolic de-esterification to the parent carboxylic acid metabolites (benzoylprop and flamprop). These metabolites possess physical properties ideally suited for excretion via the kidneys and bile into urine and faeces and, conversely, unsuited for transport into milk and eggs. 相似文献
7.
Since mint oil is used as a flavouring agent for foods and cosmetics, pesticide residues in the oil are undesirable. The residual behaviour of two pesticides, phorate and methomyl, was studied as replacements for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides which leave residues in the oil. Phorate applications of 1.1 kg/ha resulted in oil residues of 0.24 mg/kg total phorate in Oregon samples and 1.69 mg/kg in Washington samples. Less than 1% of the residues in the hay distilled with the oil. Mint oil undergoes a 100- to 1000-fold dilution in commercial use with a corresponding reduction of residues in the final product. No residues of methomyl were found in the oil, even with hay residues as high as 5.34 mg/kg. Residues in hay decreased to half of initial levels in 2 to 4 days, independently of use conditions. It was concluded that the proposed use of phorate or methomyl for control of mint pests does not present a residue hazard. Details of the analytical methods used are also presented. 相似文献
8.
In 1970, 54 commercial catfish farms in Arkansas and Mississippi were sampled for pesticide and mercury residues. Pesticide residues above FDA action levels were detected in 15 percent of the fish samples. Data on residues in sediment, fish feed, and source water suggest that fish were not being contaminated from these sources. Average fish residue per county was, however, strongly correlated with the percent of total acres planted in cotton and soybeans. Results strongly suggest that cotton production was the primary source of contamination. Actual routes of movement have not been clearly defined but aerial transport seems most probable. 相似文献
9.
为明确啶酰菌胺在南瓜、芦笋、山楂、芒果和木瓜上使用可能产生的膳食摄入风险，通过进行规范田间残留试验，检测了南瓜、芦笋、山楂、芒果和木瓜中啶酰菌胺的最终残留量，结合国内和国际两种膳食消费量数据，评估了啶酰菌胺的长期膳食摄入风险，并就两种方法的评估结果进行了比较分析。样品采用QuEChERS方法前处理，液相色谱-串联质谱 (LC-MS/MS) 定量分析。结果表明:南瓜在0.01、0.1和3 mg/kg，芦笋在0.01、0.1和20 mg/kg，山楂在0.01、0.1和60 mg/kg，芒果在0.01、0.1和4 mg/kg，木瓜在0.01、0.1和10 mg/kg添加水平下，啶酰菌胺在空白样品中的平均回收率为79%~101%，相对标准偏差为2%~14%。采用 “中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告” 的膳食消费数据，计算得啶酰菌胺针对普通人群的国家估算每日摄入量 (NEDI) 为0.707 5 mg/(kg bw)，风险商 (RQ) 为28.1%；采用世界卫生组织 (WHO) 提供的每种农产品的单独膳食量进行计算，啶酰菌胺的每日摄入量为0.128 2 mg/(kg bw)，风险商 (RQ) 为5.1%。两种方法的评估结果均表明啶酰菌胺对一般人群的健康不会产生不可接受的风险，然而，采用不同膳食消费数据进行计算会导致风险评估结果存在较大差异，其原因主要是由于中国所采用的膳食消费数据是作物分类基础上的数据，而不是具体某种农产品的单独消费量，因而易导致中国的膳食摄入风险评估结果过于保守。因此建议相关部门进一步完善居民的营养与健康状况调查监测工作，提供具体到每一种农产品的膳食消费数据，以便于科学评价农药对人体健康的风险。 相似文献
10.
Organochlorine and heavy metal residues were determined in 103 shorebirds of seven species collected at Corpus Christi, Texas, during the winter of 1976-77 to evaluate their potential effects on population survival, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in most samples. Chlordane isomers, dieldrin, toxaphene, and heptachlor epoxide also occurred, but less frequently. In general, organochlorine residues were low in skinned carcasses. Geometric means on a wet weight basis ranged from 0.25 ppm to 4.76 ppm for DDE and from 0.67 ppm to 6.64 ppm for PCBs; residues of the other compounds averaged less than 1 ppm in all instances. Mercury, lead, arsenic and vanadium occurred in all shorebird livers, and selenium and cadmium were detected in all kidneys. Residues of these metals, except selenium, were low in most tissue samples. Selenium averages varied from 1.77 ppm to 5.62 ppm (wet weight) in kidneys; residues in this range may be sufficient to inhibit reproduction or to induce other forms of toxicity, especially at the higher levels. 相似文献
11.
Michael K. Baldwin John V. Crayford David H. Hutson Deborah L. Street 《Pest management science》1976,7(6):575-594
[14C]Endrin was fed to two lactating cows in a portion of their diet for 21 days. The intake was equivalent to approximately 0.1 mg of endrin per kg of total diet. Excretion of radioactivity in milk, urine and faeces reached equilibrium with intake between 4 and 9 days after starting treatment. Milk residues reached 0.003–0.006 mg/kg, were composed of unchanged endrin and were located in the fat. Muscle residues reached 0.001–0.002 mg/kg. Residues in the fat reached a maximum of 0.1 mg/kg and were due to unchanged endrin. [14C]Endrin was administered in corn oil to six laying hens for 21 weeks. The intake was equivalent to approximately 0.13 mg/kg of total diet. Ingestion and excretion were almost in balance at 16–20 weeks. Egg residues reached 0.11–0.18 mg/kg, were composed of unchanged endrin and were located in the yolk. Tissue residues were 0.01 mg/kg in breast, 0.1 mg/kg in leg, 0.17 mg/kg in kidney, 0.47 mg/kg in liver and 1.0 mg/kg in fat. The residues were accounted for as unchanged endrin except in liver and kidney in which part was probably due to polar metabolites in the process of excretion. The results show that endrin is much more rapidly metabolised in cows than in hens. The pathways of metabolism were fundamentally the same in both species, the major product being anti-12-hydroxyendrin, which was found un-conjugated in cow urine and faeces and as the O-sulphate conjugate in hen excreta. The only observed difference in primary metabolism was some syfl-12-hydroxyendrin and 12-ketoendrin in cows. This pathway was not detected in hens. 相似文献
12.
D A Kurtz 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1978,11(4):190-198
Pennsylvania streams, community water supplies, and open water reservoirs were analyzed for PCB mixtures, DDT, and DDT metabolites. Streams were sampled in 1974 and again in 1975. Only 4 of 19 stream locations were contaminated. Maximum concentrations in community supplies of Aroclor 1242 (2 locations), Aroclor 1254 (3 locations), and sigmaDDT (2 locations) were 350, 260, and 620 ng/kg, respectively. Of the 110 community water supplies sampled in 1975 and 1976, only 7 contained residues. Maximum concentrations in community supplies of Aroclor 1242 (4 locations) and sigmaDDT (2 locations) were 460 ng/kg and 75 ng/kg, respectively. The seventh contained 0.7 ng/kg of dieldrin. None of the three open water reservoirs contained detectable residues of the compounds of interest. Essentially no correlation was found between PCB and DDT analogs in streams and those in fish from streams which had been samples at similar locations in a related study in 1976. 相似文献
13.
为了评价氟环唑在小麦生产上使用的残留安全性,建立了气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测氟环唑在小麦植株、小麦籽粒及土壤中残留的分析方法,并对氟环唑在小麦植株、小麦籽粒和土壤中的最终残留量及小麦植株和土壤中的消解动态进行了研究。结果表明:在添加水平为0.01、0.1和2 mg/kg（小麦籽粒和土壤）和0.01、0.1和10 mg/kg（小麦植株）下,氟环唑的回收率为82%~93%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~9.7%。氟环唑在小麦植株、小麦籽粒和土壤中的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。氟环唑在小麦植株和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为3.5~8.4和10~30 d。当以有效成分112.5 g/hm2的剂量施药2次、采收间隔期为21 d时,小麦籽粒中氟环唑的残留量为<0.05 mg/kg,低于中国制定的小麦中氟环唑的最大残留限量值（0.05 mg/kg）。建议氟环唑在小麦上使用时最大剂量为有效成分112.5 g/hm2,施药2次,安全间隔期为21 d。 相似文献
14.
建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测柑橘中5种杀螨剂残留分析方法。样品经乙腈提取、氯化钠盐析后,取有机相用Qu EChERS方法净化,利用GC-MS/MS在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定,外标法定量。5种杀螨剂在0.005~0.5mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r^2均>0.996,方法定量限为0.005 mg/kg。在0.005、0.01和0.1mg/kg 3种添加水平下,加标回收率为70.6%~111.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%~14.64%。本方法简便、重现性良好,可用于柑橘类水果样品中杀螨剂的日常检测。 相似文献
15.
浓硫酸净化-气相色谱法检测茶叶中α-硫丹和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一种茶叶中硫丹和5种拟除虫菊酯类农药(联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯)残留分析的新方法。样品以乙腈提取,浓硫酸-乙醇净化,毛细管柱气相色谱法(GC-ECD)测定。结果表明:在0.005～0.5 mg/kg添加水平内,4种茶叶样品中α-硫丹和5种拟除虫菊酯农药的添加回收率在81.6%～105.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.52%～13.0%(n=3)。α-硫丹和5种拟除虫菊酯农药在4种茶叶中的定量限(LOQ)均为0.005 mg/kg。本方法杂质干扰少,准确度及灵敏度满足农药残留检测要求,对检测硬件要求低,适用于茶叶中α-硫丹及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的分析。 相似文献
16.
建立了一种基于QuEChERS方法提取净化,超高效液相色谱/气相色谱-串联质谱检测桃叶、桃果和土壤中吡虫啉、嘧菌酯、腈苯唑、苯醚甲环唑、毒死蜱及β-氯氰菊酯6种农药残留量的分析方法。结果表明:在0.05~20 mg/kg (桃叶)、0.05~2 mg/kg (桃果) 和0.05~5 mg/kg (土壤) 添加水平下,6种农药在桃叶、桃果及土壤中的回收率为72%~111%,相对标准偏差 (RSDs) 为0.90%~18% (n = 5),均满足农药残留检测的要求。不套袋施药时,6种农药在桃叶中的原始沉积量最高,其沉积量占比为桃叶、桃果和土壤中总残留量的57%~69%;其次是土壤中,占比为25%~39%,桃果中占比仅为3%~6%;此外,2次施药后14和21 d时桃果上6种农药的最终残留量分别为 (0.07 ± 0.01)~(0.77 ± 0.13) mg/kg和 <0.05~(0.27 ± 0.05) mg/kg,分别为其对应最大残留限量(MRL)值的15%~60%和9%~34%。套袋可以显著降低桃果中6种农药的原始沉积量和最终残留量。套袋后,桃果上6种农药的原始沉积量占比均小于1%,且2次施药后14和21 d时的最终残留量均低于中国国家标准GB 2763—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》中对应MRL值的10%。本研究明确了果实套袋对6种农药在桃园中的沉积和残留的影响,为指导果实套袋措施在桃园中的安全使用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
17.
Results are presented for the determination of organochlorine insecticide residues in imported cereals, nuts, pulses and animal foodstuffs for the 2 year period July 1969 to June 1971. BHC was found in all but four of the 248 samples examined but only in 25 (10%) did the level exceed 0.5 mg/kg. DDT was found in 39% of the samples of which three samples of wheat contained more than 1 mg/kg and two samples of cottonseed cake more than 0.5 mg/kg. The other commodities sampled had less than 0.2 mg/kg. DDE was detected in trace amounts in 26 % of the samples examined. 相似文献
18.
建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定人参中仲丁灵残留的分析方法,并研究其在人参中的最终残留量与消解规律。样品经乙腈提取,NH2固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.002~0.5 mg/L内,仲丁灵的质量浓度与对应的峰面积间线性关系良好,鲜人参和干人参在0.01、0.05和0.5 mg/kg,人参植株和人参土壤在0.01、0.05、0.5和10 mg/kg添加水平下,仲丁灵的回收率为93%~108%,相对标准偏差为0.60%~6.2%。仲丁灵在人参植株和土壤中的半衰期为10.81~18.91 d,在鲜人参、干人参、人参植株和人参土壤中的最终残留量分别为相似文献
19.
Various components of the aquatic ecosystem of Tuttle Creek Reservoir on the Big Blue River in northeastern Kansas were examined for organochlorine insecticide residues in 1970-71. Components examined were water, sediments, periphyton, zooplankton, insects, and whole-body samples of 10 common fish species. Only dieldrin and sigmaDDT residues were detected. Dieldrin was found in part of the nonfish samples at levels ranging up to 0.01 ppm and in 97 percent of the fish samples with a high level of 0.17 ppm. SigmaDDT residues were also detected in part of the nonfish samples at levels ranging up to 0.42 ppm, and in 98 percent of the fish samples at levels as high as 0.57 ppm. Authors' findings are roughly similar to those of other surveys of Kansas fishes. All levels are relatively low compared with those reported in surveys from other parts of the Nation. 相似文献
20.
对江苏地区斑点叉尾鮰主要养殖区域环境的水、底泥及鱼体内的18种多氯联苯 (PCBs,7种环境指示类、12种类二齅英类) 及4种重金属 (Pb、As、Cd、Hg) 的污染状况进行了系统调查,并进行了生态与健康风险评估。结果表明:PCB28、PCB52和PCB114在环境与鱼体组织中均有较高的检出频率,但不同养殖区域PCBs的污染组成不同,表明污染来源有所不同;底泥中PCBs的含量为178.4~457.2 pg/g,远高于水体中的0.2~11.9 ng/L;PCBs在鱼肉中富集量较高,为1.28~267.96 pg/g,与该鱼种皮肉中较高的脂肪含量相关,而在肝脏和肠胃中的含量较低,分别为0.64~95.46 pg/g和1.20~45.94 pg/g。重金属在底泥中的含量最高,水体中较低;在鱼体内的平均含量依次为Pb>As>Cd>Hg,鱼体各组织中重金属总含量依次为肝脏>肠胃>肉。鱼肉中二齅英类多氯联苯 (DL-PCBs) 的总毒性当量 (TEQ) 浓度为1.9 pg/g,低于欧盟规定的最大残留限量 (MRL) 值6.5 pg/g。利用美国环境保护署 (EPA) 的目标风险商 (THQ) 和风险系数 (R) 模型,通过比较每日摄入量和每日允许摄入量,对江苏地区斑点叉尾鮰的食用安全性进行了评估,结果表明:江苏省鮰鱼养殖体系中PCBs及4种重金属的致癌风险均为可接受。 相似文献