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1.
H.C. Passam 《Scientia Horticulturae》1982,16(2):171-177
The fruit characteristics and storage potential of some local and introduced mango cultivars grown in Trinidad were compared. At ambient temperature (28–32°C), fruit could be stored satisfactorily for between 3 and 8 days, after which ripening rapidly occurred. At 14°C, storage life was increased to as much as 18 days (cultivar ‘Graham’). Enclosure of fruits individually in polythene bags increased storage life at either ambient or 14°C temperature, while treatment with 3% Sta-fresh wax increased storage at ambient but not at 14°C. In the case of ‘Doodooth’, which was highly susceptible to anthracnose, treatment of fruit with hot water (52 ± 2°C) containing 500 or 1000 mg l?4 benomyl for 5 min reduced the incidence of disease. Results are discussed in relation to the export potential of mangoes. 相似文献
2.
杧果抗炭疽病种质资源的鉴定与分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
炭疽病是杧果的重要病害,在对此病害的综合防治中,选种抗病品种是行之有效的措施。本研究运用杧果炭疽病高致病性菌株,对保存在中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所杧果种质资源圃的果品种抗病性进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,大部分的果品种为感病品种,其中爱文杧、乳杧、海豹、龙井大杧等为高感品种;紫花杧、金煌、实选-4、spooner为高抗品种;台农一号、粤西一号、台牙、贵妃、Mallika、桂香、凯特等为中抗品种;在所有供试品种的抗病鉴定中,没有发现免疫品种。 相似文献
3.
Rafael Diaz-Sobac Laura Prez-Flores Jaime Vernon-Carter 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):126-128
SummaryThe potential effect of a hydrodispersion of maltodextrin, carboxylmethylcellulose, propylene glycol and sorbitan esters, on the reduction or prevention of spoilage caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which produces anthracnose and by the fruit fly Anastrepha oblicua, was investigated as a coating for mango (Mangifera indica cv. Manila) fruit from commercial orchards in Jalcomulco, Veracruz, México. Coated and control mangoes were stored at 15 and 25?C and 85±5% r.h. Every 3 d, the coating was removed by washing with water, to determine the time necessary to minimize the damage caused by the anthracnose and the fruit fly larvae. In uncoated mangoes, larval growth and anthracnose manifestation occurred within 6 d at both storage temperatures. In coated mangoes, fruit fly larvae proliferation was avoided and anthracnose incidence was reduced. The results suggested that coatings should be remained for 9 d to avoid fruit fly larvae proliferating and minimize anthracnose incidence by 70%. Applying coatings may be part of a set of superficial treatments to guarantee the phytosanitary certification of tropical fruits such as mangoes. 相似文献
4.
热水和1-MCP处理对杧果贮藏效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
研究了常温下热处理、1-MCP处理及热处理结合1-MCP处理对杜果果实贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:热处理能有效控制杧果采后炭疽病的发生,改善果实外观,提高好果率,延长贮藏时间,但使呼吸增强,不能抑制果实后熟和减少果实失重率;1-MCP处理能降低果实在贮藏过程中的呼吸强度,抑制果实的后熟,减少果实失重率,但对炭疽病的防治无效;热处理结合1-MCP处理在一定程度上结合了2者的优点,该处理既有效的控制了炭疽病的发生,又延缓了杧果果实的后熟进程,延长了贮藏时间,且对杧果果实的品质无不良影响。所有处理对成熟时的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量及糖酸比无影响,且对蒂腐病的防治效果也均不理想。 相似文献
5.
Anuj P. Srivastava Ramesh Chandra Sangeeta Saxena Shailendra Rajan Shirish A. Ranade 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):951-959
SummaryThree different PCR methods [Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), and Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD)] were used to analyse genetic diversity and parentage among 20 mango cultivars, including 18 landraces and two hybrids (‘Amrapali’ and ‘Mallika’). These hybrids together with a third hybrid (‘Ratna’), and an out-group species (Mangifera sylvatica) were also analysed for parentage. Fifteen, seven and four primers were used to amplify a total of 158, 69 and 59 distinct DNA fragments by RAPD, ISSR and DAMD, respectively. Of these, approx. 85%, 64% and 90% were polymorphic, respectively. Genetic distances between pairs of mango cultivars were measured separately by each method and depicted graphically as a Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree. The three methods revealed different groupings of cultivars and hybrids. A NJ tree based on the cumulative data from all methods correlated well with the parentage of the mango hybrids, and the grouping of cultivars on a regional basis. Genetic markers likely to be associated with important agronomic traits were identified by further analysing the hybrids, with their respective parents, using all three methods. On the basis of the highest number of polymorphic bands observed (90%), DAMD was judged to be the best method with which to analyse mango germplasm. 相似文献
6.
Postharvest handling practices and irradiation increase lenticel discolouration in ‘B74’ mango fruit
J. R. Marques P. J. Hofman A. J. Macnish 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(5):542-548
‘B74’ mango is a recently commercialised cultivar in Australia, with an appealing skin colour and firm fibreless flesh. However, fruit can develop lenticel discolouration (LD) after harvest, with loss of commercial value, especially after γ-irradiation as a disinfestation treatment. We hypothesised that postharvest practices could increase fruit sensitivity to LD and tested that by sequentially sampling fruit between the orchard and the end of the packing line over two seasons, followed by ripening without and with irradiation treatment. Exposure of 441–610 Gy γ-irradiation significantly increased the severity of LD by 6.8-fold in commercially picked and packed ripe fruit, reducing the proportion of marketable fruit from 98% to 2%, compared to irradiated fruit harvested directly from the trees and not exposed to de-sapping solution and packing operations. Also, LD increased progressively as the fruit passed through the harvesting and packing processes, and exposure to only bore water increased LD severity compared with no water contact. Results suggest that the typical de-sapping process used during harvesting is a major contributor to skin sensitivity to LD in ‘B74’ mango fruit, and that other packing operations involving wetting of the fruit have an additive effect on it. These effects are exacerbated if fruit is irradiated. 相似文献
7.
Five seed lots and the self- and open-pollinated progenies of the cultivar ‘Ailsa Craig’ were tested for disease reaction to Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal fungus of onion white rot. Field tests were conducted on S. cepjuorum-infested soil in Burnaby, British Columbia, from 1976 to 1980. No significant differences were observed between ‘Ailsa Craig’ and ‘Autumn Spice’ with respect to disease resistance during the 1979 and 1980 tests, whereas resistance of ‘Ailsa Craig’ had been noted in previous years. Tests indicated that resistance varied with seed lot, thus providing a possible explanation for the 1979 and 1980 results. ‘Ailsa Craig’ selfed progeny selection had significantly fewer infections than its parental seed lot and the local recommended cultivar ‘Autumn Spice’. Resistance to infection by S. cepivorum should be assigned to seed lots or breeding lines and not to presently named cultivars. These results suggest that differences in infection by S. cepivorum occur, and are available for the development of white rot resistant cultivars. 相似文献
8.
由于一些侵染性病害的影响,浙江省主要梨产区出现早期落叶严重的现象,严重影响了砂梨产业的发展。通过对浙江省杭州市商业梨园主栽品种的田间调查发现,不同品种对病菌的抵抗能力不同。圆黄为黑斑病的易感品种,但对炭疽病的抗性较强;黄花和翠冠较抗黑斑病,但黄花炭疽病的发病率较高;3个品种的锈病发病率没有显著差异。病菌侵染和落叶时间的相关性分析表明,病菌侵染后翠冠和圆黄落叶较黄花早;受黑斑病菌侵染的叶片最易脱落,而梨炭疽病菌和梨锈病菌不易引起落叶,仅在后期形成穿孔。总体上圆黄早期落叶现象最为严重。受梨黑斑病菌侵染后,叶片诱导POD活性的增加来抵御病原菌的侵染。 相似文献
9.
不同丝瓜品种褐变相关基因的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以7种不同丝瓜品种为试验材料,对采后丝瓜果实进行褐变鉴定,测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及相关基因的表达量。结果表明:"苏丝3号""苏丝6号""苏丝7号"属于抗褐变品种;"苏丝4号""苏丝5号""苏丝10号"属于耐褐变品种;"苏丝8号"属于严重褐变。从褐变酶POD和PPO变化来看,"苏丝8号"POD活性高达456.7 U·mg-1,抗褐变品种"苏丝3号""苏丝6号""苏丝7号"POD活性均在250 U·mg-1。"苏丝8号"PPO活性为68.2 U·mg-1,"苏丝3号"PPO活性最小,低至25.2 U·mg-1。从褐变基因的变化来看,"苏丝8号"在LcPOD家族基因表达中均高于对照"苏丝3号",其中LcPOD3基因表达量高达5.23,是对照的5倍以上,其它的丝瓜品种LcPOD3基因变化不显著。褐变品种"苏丝8号"在LcPPO基因家族中上调显著,表明"苏丝8号"果实褐变时促进LcPPO基因家族的表达,从而转录翻译成PPO加快果实的褐变。与对照相比,丝瓜褐变基因LCWRKY在"苏丝8号"中上调显著,表明其参与了丝瓜果实采后褐变。其它丝瓜品种LCWRKY上调不显著。 相似文献
10.
A.B.Abou Aziz S.M. El-Nabawy F.K.Abdel Wahab A.S. Abdel-Kader 《Scientia Horticulturae》1976,5(1):65-72
The effects of storage temperatures, especially chilling-temperatures, and the duration of exposure to them, on quality and decay percentage, and on the shelf-life of ‘Pairi’ and ‘Taimour’ mango fruits were studied. ‘Taimour’ fruits had better keeping-quality, storage ability and a longer marketing period than ‘Pairi’ fruits under all storage temperatures. Both cultivars were affected by storing at 0 °C and the severity of chilling was proportional to the duration of cold storage. ‘Taimour’ fruits were less sensitive to chilling-injury than ‘Pairi’ fruits. Storage at 5 °C or slightly higher was the most suitable temperature for both cultivars, followed by 10 °C. 相似文献
11.
苹果果实β-Gal和LOX活性变化特性及其与果实软化的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以‘富士’和‘金冠’苹果果实为试材, 研究了β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal) 和脂氧合酶(LOX) 在果实发育、成熟和软化过程中的变化规律及采后乙烯调控对其活性的影响。结果表明: 在果实发育后熟过程中, 金冠果实β-Gal活性显著高于富士, 在果实后熟软化期间这种差异尤为突出; 而富士和金冠果实LOX活性呈相似的变化规律, 虽然花后富士的活性高峰显著高于金冠, 但之后其活性下降迅速,并一直低于金冠。采后苹果果实β-Gal和LOX均受乙烯调控, 乙烯抑制剂1-MCP极显著地抑制β-Gal和LOX的活性, 而乙烯利对二者活性起促进作用, 但因品种耐藏性不同其促进效应不同。综合来看, 苹果果实β-Gal和LOX活性表现相似的变化规律, 并且β-Gal在果实贮藏初期受乙烯的调控作用较LOX显著, 因此认为在苹果果实软化早期β-Gal的作用可能大于LOX。 相似文献
12.
13.
杧果采前喷施茉莉酸甲酯对其抗病性和采后品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以‘台农1号’杧果（Mangifera indica L.‘Tainong 1’）为试材,研究了采前喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理对杧果抗病性和采后品质的影响及其相关机理。结果表明,与对照果实相比,50 μmol · L-1 MeJA采前处理显著降低了采收时的病果率和贮藏期的病情指数,抑制了接种炭疽病菌果实的病斑直径;有利于杧果贮藏品质的保持,提高了果肉中维生素C含量,延缓了可溶性糖含量的升高和可滴定酸含量的降低;同时,采前MeJA处理可以提高杧果果皮中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和β–1,3–葡聚糖酶（GLU）等防御酶的活性,提高贮藏早期的过氧化氢（H2O2）水平,抑制贮藏后期H2O2和MDA含量的积累。这些结果表明,采前MeJA处理提高杧果抗病性和保持果实品质与激活杧果的防御系统及降低膜脂过氧化程度有关。 相似文献
14.
A comparison was made of the response to storage temperatures (0–17°C) of grapefruit ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges, and lemon fruit. There was no chilling injury (CI) and the incidence of rot was relatively low at 12°C or higher for all cultivars. At low storage temperatures, however, pitting and subsequent rot development in grapefruit and in ‘Shamouti’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges were highest at 6°C, while in lemon the incidence of these disorders rose with the decrease in storage temperature, and was highest at 2°C. Grapefruit and ‘Shamouti’ oranges exhibited the highest susceptibility to CI, lemon showed an intermediate susceptibility, and ‘Valencia’ orange a very low one. In grapefruit, severe peel pittings that developed in cold storage were covered by mold rots during cold storage and shelf-life, but in ‘Valencia’ and particularly in ‘Shamouti’ oranges the incidence of decay during cold storage was low. During shelf-life, a pronounced CI-induced increase in the incidence of mold rots was evident. This breakdown during shelf-life may be associated with microscopic peel injuries which are formed during cold storage and covered by mold rots during shelf-life. Increased susceptibility of the cultivar to CI could be correlated with an increase in ethanol content at low temperatures. 相似文献
15.
Parmeshwar Lal Saran Ratan Kumar Sangeeta Gupta 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):443-445
SummaryBurl, typically manifest as a swelling of the trunk and lower branches, is a relatively unknown disorder of mango (Mangifera indica L.). We studied the incidence of the disorder in trees of each of three mango cultivars in India, and its effect on fruit yields over 2 years. Information was also collected on the relationship between the growth of the burl and the age of the trees, together with details of the anatomy of the affected tissues. ‘Langra’ had the highest incidence of the disorder (80.3% of 24 studied trees affected) and the largest burl (31.8 cm diameter), followed by ‘Chausa’ (17.5%; 16.4 cm), then ‘Gulab Jaman’(7.5%; 4.0 cm). Burl significantly reduced fruit yields in ‘Langra’ (121 kg tree–1 in affected trees vs. 162 kg tree–1 in normal trees), but not in ‘Chausa’ (110 vs. 129 kg tree–1) or ‘Gulab Jaman’ (100 vs. 98 kg tree–1). The sizes of the burls increased as the ages of the trees increased from 15 to 55 years, especially in ‘Langra’ and ‘Chausa’. No pathogens or insects were found to be associated with the affected tissues. The woody tissues in the burl lacked orientation and were not specifically aligned in a transverse, radial, or tangential direction. Further studies are warranted to determine the cause of this disorder and how it can affect fruit yields. 相似文献
16.
Mango, the king of fruits in India is cultivated commercially in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Undoubtedly, mango malformation is a serious disease affecting mango production in India and many other countries around the world. It is now shown that the malady is inflicted by Fusarium, a fungus, and also that the plants have the capacity to suppress or reduce pathogen attack by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites such as chitinase and/or the synthesis of lignin, both of which may enhance plant defense system. The present study was aimed at investigating the variability and relationship between activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and content of lignin in the leaves using 12 mango cultivars with the different degree of resistance to floral malformation. Results revealed that the activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the leaves were significantly high in mango cultivars resistant to malformation (r = −0.90 and r = −0.91, respectively) during the flowering period, whereas lignin content did not show a significant correlation with malformation. The highest activity of chitinase (1.977–2.011 units) and β-1,3-glucanase (80.54–82.06 units) was recorded in resistant mango cultivars Bhadauran and Elaichi. In contrast, these activities were less than 1.010 and 25.21 respectively in highly susceptible mango cultivars such as Amrapali, Eldon and Neelum. Lignin content was highest in resistant cultivar Bhadauran, but it did not show significant relation to the malformation intensity of the cultivars. Thus, leaf chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase may be contributing towards resistance to malformation in mango and that the relative activities of these enzymes can be used as a criterion to predict and screen the mango germplasm and cultivars for resistance to floral malformation. 相似文献
17.
Kumar Singh Sanjay Kumar Singh Sanjay Roshan Sharma Ram 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):483-490
SummaryMango (Mangifera indica L.) trees grown at high density show a decline in flowering and fruiting after good fruiting years as a result of various factors. Annual pruning can restore production and productivity in such trees. Chlorophyll, total sugars (TS), total phenolics (TP), and proline contents as well as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, were measured in the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 seasons in shoot buds with a few leaves in three mango cultivars (‘Amrapali’, ‘Mallika’, and ‘Dashehari’). Trees were grown at high density in an orchard and the aforesaid parameters were measured 1 month after different degrees of pruning (Stage I) and after subsequent fruit bud differentiation (FBD; Stage II). Severely-pruned mango trees had the highest contents of chlorophyll a, while chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were found to be highest in moderately-pruned trees. Lightly-pruned trees had the highest contents of reducing sugars (RS), whereas TS contents were highest in severely-pruned trees. The contents of RS and TS increased in shoot buds during the FBD stage. A moderate intensity of pruning significantly increased TP contents, while the lowest TP contents were recorded in non-pruned trees. ‘Off’-year shoots had higher TP contents than ‘on’-year shoots. Irrespective of pruning intensity, shoot buds of ‘Mallika’ trees had the highest PPO activities, with lower levels in ‘Amrapali’ and ‘Dashehari’ shoot buds. PPO activities were reduced at the FBD stage in ‘on’-year shoots. Severely-pruned trees had the highest PPO activities, while the lowest PPO activities were recorded in lightly-pruned trees. Shoot bud proline contents were found to be highest in non-pruned trees, and decreased with increasing pruning intensity. Thus moderate pruning can be adopted in high density orchards to obtain sustainable production with improved maintenance of canopy architecture. 相似文献
18.
The leaf nutrient status of 3 mango cultivars, determined in fruiting and non-fruiting terminals after fruit harvest (June 1976) from 20 orchards, were compared. N, P and Ca contents were significantly higher in ‘Dashehari’ than in ‘Chausa’ and ‘Lucknow Safeda’. The reverse was true for K, S and Zn contents. Mg and Mn contents were more or less at par in all the 3 cultivars. Leaves collected from non-fruiting terminals contained significantly higher amounts of N and P in all the 3 cultivars, but K, Ca, S and Zn only in 2 cultivars, as compared to those from fruiting terminals. Mn and Fe contents in both kinds of terminals were more or less at par in all the 3 cultivars. 相似文献
19.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,87(1-2):147-151
Catecholase and cresolase (PPO) enzyme activities and phenolic content were measured in different mango cultivars at panicle initiation. Enzyme activity and phenolic content varied widely amongst eight cultivars, the maximum being in Bhadauran and minimum in Tommy Atkins. Floral malformation incidence was maximum (53.75%) in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and minimum in ‘Bhadauran’ (1.10%). A strong negative correlation was found between both the enzyme activity, phenolic content at panicle initiation and the incidence of floral malformation. Thus, PPO activity and level of phenolic compounds at panicle initiation may give a possible estimate of malformation incidence in mango. 相似文献
20.
《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(4):57-64
Abstract Resistance to Botryosphaeria cane canker in blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) was studied in eleven cultivars (‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Chester Thornless’, ‘Chickasaw’, ‘Illini Hardy’, ‘Kiowa’, ‘Navaho’, ‘Ouachita’, ‘Prime-Jim?’, ‘Shawnee’ and ‘Triple Crown’) using a detached cane assay. Ends of stem segments were sealed with wax and wound-inoculated using squares of media with mycelium. Segments were kept in humid containers on a lab bench and reaction was evaluated ten days after inoculation by measuring the area of the resulting lesion. ‘Chicaksaw’ was found to be the most susceptible by this assay, while ‘Arapaho’ and ‘Triple Crown’ were found to be the most resistant. 相似文献