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1.
以夏蜡梅属夏蜡梅（Sinocalycanthus chinensis）和美国蜡梅属美国蜡梅变种光叶红蜡梅（Calycanthus floridus var. oblongifolius）为试验材料进行属间杂交,通过荧光镜检观察花粉在柱头上的附着和萌发以及利用石蜡切片观察杂种胚发育情况,探讨其杂交障碍机制。结果表明：不论正反交,花粉均能在柱头上粘附36 h到达胚囊,表明花粉萌发和花粉管生长阶段不存在杂交障碍。杂种胚发育观察结果表明,无论正反交均可以实现双受精,但结实率极低,说明属间杂交存在受精后障碍,且正反交杂交障碍机制有所不同：当以夏蜡梅为母本时,杂交障碍主要由受精后杂种胚早期的不正常解体造成;而当以光叶红蜡梅为母本时,杂交障碍主要由母本雌蕊较高比例的发育异常和杂种胚的早期败育共同引起。 、萌发并生长到达胚囊;以夏蜡梅为母本时父本花粉管生长进程较以光叶红蜡梅为母本时更加一致,大部分花粉管在授粉后 相似文献
2.
Seedless grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) are widely grown in Europe, America and Asia. Fungal diseases are a great threat of them. Several wild Chinese Vitis species showed high resistance to many fungal diseases. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to assess the potential to incorporate these species in a breeding project for development of the disease-resistant seedless cultivars. Hybridization was conducted using V. vinifera as female parents and the wild Chinese Vitis spp. as male parents. In-ovulo embryo rescue was used to develop hybrid plants from the seedless females. An efficient protocol is reported here for the in vitro embryo rescue and plant development from the cross Emerald Seedless × Beichun. Ovules were excised from immature fruits 7 weeks after pollination (WAP) and cultured in the double-phase ER medium supplemented with 6.0% sucrose and 0.3% activated charcoal (AC). Following 8–12 weeks of culture, embryos were removed from the ovules and transferred onto WPM supplemented with 1.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), 2.0% sucrose and 0.2% AC and solidified with 0.6% agar. After 8 weeks of culture, the embryos germinated and subsequently grew into whole plantlets. With the optimized parameters developed in the present study, about 34.0%, 91.2% and 77.4% of embryo formation, embryo germination and plant development were obtained, respectively. When this protocol was applied to 11 other cross combinations, genotype was found to significantly influence embryo formation, embryo germination and plant development, with different frequencies of hybrid plants successfully obtained in all crosses. 相似文献
3.
Hui Feng Mao-liang Wang Ri-chen Cong Si-lan Dai 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(3):279-287
Rosa multiflora Thunb. var. inermis and Rosa roxburghii f. normalis are two important diploid species for rose breeding. Interspecific crosses between diploid species and tetraploid rose cultivars result in triploids with generally decreased fertility. A most promising gene transfer strategy is the production of fertile tetraploid plants before mating with tetraploids. In our study, germinating seeds of R. multiflora and R. roxburghii were treated with colchicine, and cotyledon-stage seedlings of R. multiflora were treated with colchicine or trifluralin in order to obtain tetraploid plants. Also, various concentrations of antimitotic agents and different treatment durations were tested. The results showed the antimitotic agents affected the plant morphological characteristics (i.e. plant height, stem diameter) of R. multiflora and R. roxburghii. Twenty-three tetraploid plants were obtained from the germinating seed treatments (21 from R. multiflora and two from R. roxburghii), but no tetraploid plants were obtained from the seedling treatments. The highest rate of chromosome doubling (25.0%) was achieved when germinating seeds of R. multiflora were treated with 0.2% colchicine for 12 h. At the same time, marked morphological variation was observed and analyzed among tetraploid plants and their corresponding diploids of R. multiflora. 相似文献
4.
Kouichi Inoue Tomomi Kato Asami Nobukuni Hisato Kunitake Tsutomu Yabuya 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006,110(4):334-339
Characteristics such as flower form, size and color of outer and inner perianths, anthocyanins in outer perianths, size, color and fertility of pollen and self-fertility of diploid and tetraploid lines regenerated via protoplast culture of Iris fulva were examined and compared with those of the diploid wild line. Among these characteristics, flower form, inner and outer perianth sizes of the tetraploid lines were noticeable, because these lines had upward flower forms and bigger flowers than diploid lines. Furthermore, reciprocal crosses between diploid or tetraploid lines of I. fulva and I. ensata and those of I. fulva and I. laevigata were performed. Three seedlings were obtained from the cross of tetraploid I. fulva × diploid I. laevigata through embryo rescue. One of them was identified as the interspecific hybrid between tetraploid I. fulva and I. laevigata by flow cytometoric (FCM), cytological and molecular (RAPD) analyses. This is the first report on production of hybrids from these lines. I. fulva has unique brown flowers, and this trait could be very useful for flower color breeding of I. laevigata which lacks this color. Therefore, the hybrid of I. fulva (4×) × I. laevigata may be the best available gene source for brown color breeding of this species. 相似文献
5.
B. Pauline Eleanor Carmichael 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):5-9
The effect of exogenous growth substances on the yield of seedlings, on some aspects of fruit development, on seed and embryo growth and on germination was studied in two crosses, 4n M. Jewel selfed and 4n M. Jewel χ 2n M. Jewel, following treatment of the young fruits with combinations of gibberellic acid (GA), para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA) and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA) 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after pollination. The treatments affected the set of large pyrenes, seed size and percentage germination but had no effect on embryo size or on the percentage of pyrenes containing seeds. The number of seedlings obtained was affected both by set and by percentage germination. Seed size was positively correlated with percentage germination in the 4nx2n cross only. A mixture of CPA and NOA increased seedling yield in both crosses. 相似文献
6.
A. Troncoso M. Cantos J. Liñán J. Troncoso H. F. Rapoport 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):728-733
SummaryIn vitro culture methods were used to germinate olive embryos prior to maturation. Fruit, seed and embryo development were established with consecutive sampling from 20 to 100 days after bloom. For that same period, embryo development and germination success were determined by in vitro culture trials using one-third strength MS medium with or without the addition of zeatin. For early developmental stages, when isolation of the embryo was difficult, a cut portion of the seed containing the embryo was used for culture. The embryos cultured within the cut seed portions germinated and formed normal plantlets. Histological observations indicated a close similarity between the natural and in vitro immature embryo differentiation pattern, progressing through preglobular, globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped stages. In some cases, however, the in vitro immature embryos developed or germinated abnormally. The presence of zeatin (0.25 mg l–1) in the culture medium and the use of a cut seed-portion containing the immature embryo allowed in vitro germination sooner after bloom than previously obtained. On the contrary, zeatin was a handicap for mature olive embryo in vitro germination, which reached 100% seedling formation when no plant growth regulators were used. 相似文献
7.
Xiaoyin Lian Gangjun Luo Hui Li Wenji Xu Yuee Xiao 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(5):483-490
Previously, we found that reciprocal F1 hybrids of purple-flowered Iris dichotoma and I. domestica were different. To further characterize this reciprocal difference, we carried out reciprocal crosses between three different colours of I. dichotoma and I. domestica. Morphological and cytological characters of F1 hybrids of six interspecific crosses between three different colours of I. dichotoma and I. domestica (three direct and their three reciprocals) were evaluated. The results showed that the fruit-setting rates of three different colours of I. dichotoma as female and I. domestica as male were lower than reciprocal cross combinations, but their seed germination rates were significantly higher than reciprocal ones. Reciprocal differences of F1 hybrids were observed for most morphological characters. The F1 hybrids of three different colours of I. dichotoma as female were totally different from their parents; however, the F1 hybrids of I. domestica as female were extremely similar to the mother. The six interspecific hybrids had the same chromosome number (2n = 32) as their parents. Reciprocal differences were detected for karyotype. Parents’ and F1 hybrids’ karyotypes focused on 1A to 2B. In these cases, the direction of the cross must be kept in mind in order to improve the efficacy of future breeding programmes. 相似文献
8.
9.
枣树免去雄杂交育种的设计与实践 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在枣树杂交育种中,因其花朵很小去雄难、坐果率低、胚败育严重,常规人工授粉杂种得率通常只有万分之一左右,致使杂交育种长期徘徊不前,至今未有人工杂交枣新品种问世。作者历时10余年,以解决去雄难和胚败育严重两大瓶颈问题为突破口,在系统研究枣树不同种质结实特性和花粉育性并攻克幼胚挽救技术的基础上,探索建立枣树免去雄杂交育种的高效技术体系,并在育种实践中加以改进和完善。通过人工控制杂交,成功获得了2 个组合的211 个杂种后代。从育种目标、亲本选配、免去雄控制杂交、授粉方法、胚培养及杂种的分子标记鉴定等方面提出了枣树杂交育种的设计方案与实现途径。并对今后枣树杂交育种的攻关重点和发展前景进行了分析讨论。 相似文献
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11.
‘奥迪亚’葡萄杂交后代胚挽救及无核性状分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】为了研究影响杂交后代胚挽救萌发率的主要因素,并对其无核性状进行早期鉴定,【方法】以无核、抗病葡萄品种‘奥迪亚’为母本,‘玫瑰香’、‘摩尔多瓦’和‘红地球’3个主栽品种为父本进行杂交,通过L9(33)正交试验,建立简单高效的胚挽救体系,并用分子标记对杂交苗无核性状进行鉴定。【结果】结果表明,影响胚挽救萌发率的最关键因素为接种时期,其次为培养基种类和NAA浓度;以‘奥迪亚’为母本的杂交胚其适宜接种程序为授粉后49～56 d剥取胚珠,接种在B5或NN69培养基上充分发育70 d,再转入1/2 B5培养基上萌芽,‘奥迪亚’ב摩尔多瓦’杂交胚通过此程序萌发率达到了50.48%;经分子标记鉴定,各组合后代的无核株系均超过50%。【结论】利用胚挽救方法以‘奥迪亚’为杂交母本可高效创新葡萄无核种质。 相似文献
12.
磨盘柿杂种败育特性的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
磨盘柿是我国优质涩柿栽培品种,为了有效利用这一育种资源,以3个日本甜柿品种西村早生、太秋、花御所为父本,对其杂种形成与败育状况进行了系统的调查研究。结果发现:(1)磨盘柿经人工授粉后可以形成种子,但形成的杂种数量会受到父本基因型的明显影响,完全甜柿花御所作父本形成种子数量极少;(2)磨盘柿杂种的异常比例极高,败育主要分为早期败育和晚期败育2种类型,早期败育表现为胚乳的早期退化,种脐处出现的异常突起引发了大量种子的晚期败育;(3)杂种败育和胚败育之间不存在明显同步性,可以借助胚挽救技术获得杂种幼苗。 相似文献
13.
磨盘柿败育杂种胚胎发育的细胞学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示磨盘柿杂种败育的细胞学机制,采用常规石蜡切片法观察了磨盘柿正常杂种及早期和晚期败育型杂种的胚胎发育过程。结果表明,正常杂种的胚在授粉后35、40、45、55d依次发育至球形期、心形期、鱼雷期和子叶期;与正常杂种相比,早期败育型杂种的初生胚乳核分裂出现异常,多数胚最终只能发育至球形早期;晚期败育型杂种的胚乳没有明显的异常现象,但胚发育滞后,且着生位置偏离珠孔,呈横生或斜生状态;2种败育杂种在种形异常之前胚基本正常,可望借助胚挽救手段分别于授粉后30～40d及60～70d进行离体培养获得F1杂种。 相似文献
14.
Kate Delaporte John Conran Margaret Sedgley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):384-391
SummaryInterspecific hybridization between thre Eucalyptus species with horticultural merit, E. macrocarpa, E. pyriformis and E. youngiana, was undertaken to investigate the likelihood of success of such crosses. All combinations produced fertile seed, with interspecific crosses as successful as intraspecific. There were no differences between male species in fertility but there were differences between female trees within a species. Discriminant analysis of each cross indicated a high degree of interspecific hybridization for hybrid 166 seedlings, with all except two seedlings clustering separately from a mixture of selfed and outcrossed seedlings of either parent, when measured for a range of leaf and stem characters at three different nodes. The success of this programme in producing both large numbers of seed and large numbers of hybrids indicated that it is possible that these species could hybridize naturally if they were growing in the same location. It also demonstrated the potential of controlled pollination, between closely related species of similar floral morphology, and seedling-based hybrid recognition as a method to produce eucalypt hybrids for further evaluation for commercial horticulture. 相似文献
15.
无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂种的胚挽救技术研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过无核葡萄与中国野生葡萄杂交, 获得了4个杂交组合的后代植株, 确定了各杂交组合取胚珠培养的最佳时期。1Flame ×山葡萄; 2红宝石×爱莫无核; 3红宝石×北醇; 4爱莫无核×山葡萄在授粉后45 d取样培养效果较佳; 5长穗无核白×山葡萄授粉后30 d; 6无核白自交在授粉后35 d培养效果较佳。以NitSchs为基本培养基, 附加0.5 mg·L - 1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L-1 GA3 + 2.5 mg·L - 1 IBA + 0.1 mg·L-1ZT, 适合于1、3、5号杂交组合; 而0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L-1 GA3 + 2.0 mg·L-1 IBA + 0.1 mg·L-1ZT适合2、4、6号杂交组合; 胚萌发培养基为2.0 mg·L-1 IBA + 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA +0.2 mg·L-1 GA3 , 适合1、2、3、5、6号杂交组合, 而爱莫×山葡萄在1.5 mg·L - 1 IBA + 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L-1 GA3培养基上表现较佳, 生根培养基为1 /2MS基本培养基添加0.15 mg·L-1 IBA + 0.02 mg·L-1 6-BA, 它适合1号与5号组合, 0.10 mg·L-1 IBA + 0.02 mg·L-1 6-BA适合4号与6号组合。 相似文献
16.
以无核的欧洲葡萄作母本,抗病性强的‘北醇’‘左优红’‘塘尾’作父本,大田杂交后在胚败育前采集幼果,无菌条件下采用离体胚挽救的方法获得杂种后代植株,研究了亲本基因型、胚萌发培养基中蔗糖浓度和GA_3浓度对无核葡萄胚挽救育种效率的影响,并对杂种幼苗进行分子标记辅助选择,以期为无核葡萄胚挽救育种效率的提高提供参考依据,并初步筛选出无核抗病葡萄新材料。结果表明:获得232个杂交株系,练苗成活株系227株。以‘无核白鸡心’‘昆香无核’为母本的杂交组合胚挽救效果较好,适宜在无核葡萄胚挽救中作母本。胚萌发培养基中最适蔗糖浓度为2.0%,胚萌发培养基中最适GA_3浓度为0.5μmol·L-1;对获得的杂种后代幼苗,利用2种葡萄无核标记SCF27-2000、SCC8-1018对124株胚挽救杂交子代无核基因进行分子标记检测,初步确定无核株系74株,胚挽救后代无核率为59.7%,利用葡萄抗白粉病标记ScORN3-R对65株胚挽救杂交子代进行抗白粉病基因检测,65个胚挽救杂交后代株系均未扩增出760bp抗白粉病标记特异性条带。 相似文献
17.
以3个甜樱桃品种为母本,3个中国樱桃品种为父本进行了种间远缘杂交,并对所得到的杂种成功地进行了胚抢救,探讨了不同亲本品种对大樱桃远缘杂交亲和性及其胚抢救的影响。结果表明,(1)不同杂交组合的坐果率差异显著,在同一母本的杂交组合中,均以五莲红樱桃作父本的杂交组合坐果率最高(≥4.14%);而以红灯为母本与3个父本品种杂交的平均坐果率高于那翁和先锋为母本的相同杂交组合的平均坐果率;(2)不同亲本品种的杂种胚萌发生长率与多丛芽增殖系数存在显著差异,其中在参试的3个父本品种中,以五莲红樱桃表现最好;(3)经过生根培养,已经成功地将一批杂种胚培苗移栽到大田。 相似文献
18.
磨盘柿的胚囊发育及败育特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示母本育性对磨盘柿杂种败育的影响程度,本研究对磨盘柿的子房、胚囊进行定期调查和制片观察,结果表明:磨盘柿的胚囊发育进程与其子房的外观大小之间有着严格的对应关系;在胚囊发育形成过程中存在多种异常现象,主要表现为无胚囊、胚囊伸长但无扩大、局部珠被发育异常、发育滞后、胚囊的退化等,其中珠孔部的外珠被发育异常是磨盘柿所特有的,但考虑到孢子体与育性的可能关系,认为胚囊珠被局部异常与后期突起败育型杂种形成之间的关联度还需要更进一步的试验证据。 相似文献
19.
For the first time, reciprocal intergeneric hybridizations were produced between Opisthopappus taihangensis and Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium without emasculation. About 20% seed set was similarly obtained from reciprocal hybridization. Only 5 and 6 of the viable plants observed from 45 and 78 seedling survived present some conspicuous intermediate characteristics. Phenotypic evaluation among the progenies of the parents and the putative hybrids was performed carefully since an average of 5.3% seed set was produced in the type of self-pollination using pollen from the same flower and >10% seed set was similarly obtained in the types of self-pollination using pollen from different flowers in a plant and flowers in individual plants from different seeds. One individual of each hybrid shared the inflorescence habit with the pollen plant was confirmed further by the sequence of ncpGS. The two hybrids might be used as bridges of breeding of multi-generic hybrids. 相似文献
20.
桃远缘杂种的获得及杂种胚抢救技术 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以桃为母本, 与经过处理的李、杏花粉进行远缘杂交, 成功地对杂种幼胚进行了胚抢救, 并对部分杂种进行了分子鉴定。研究表明, 在以‘雨花露’为母本的杂交组合中, 杂种胚的败育发生于授粉后第7周, 而以‘中华寿桃’为母本的杂交组合中, 杂种胚的败育开始于授粉后第8周; 以早熟桃品种‘雨花露’为母本的杂种胚PF (胚长/种子长) 值为0.5时幼胚萌发率仅为6.7% , 而以晚熟品种‘中华寿桃’为母本的杂种胚PF值为0.5时幼胚萌发率却大于50%; 适宜场强的静电场处理父本花粉后可显著提高杂种胚培苗多丛芽诱导增殖效率, 而父本花粉经过60Coγ射线照射后得到的胚培苗, 多丛芽诱导效果较差, 组培苗长势较弱; 在胚抢救技术体系中, 杂种胚最佳萌发及生长培养基为1 /2MS + 6-BA 4 mg·L-1 +IBA 0.5 mg·L-1 , 胚萌发及分化率达90%; 最佳多丛芽诱导及增殖培养基为MS + 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1 + IBA1.0 mg·L-1 , 最佳生根培养基为MS + IAA 0.5 mg·L-1 +NAA 0.2 mg·L-1 ; SSR技术对杂种鉴定结果表明, 所获杂种为真杂种。 相似文献