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1.
氮对杉木不同家系苗木生长影响试验研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用１９个杉木不同家系的苗木进行氮素营养要求试验，１年生苗木盆栽试验结果表明：杉木不同家系对氮素营养的要求差异较大；有些家系生长好，对氮素要求也高，２ｇ氮处理可使家系三明５４苗高、地径生长增益分别达３９．８％、４１．７％，三明５６苗高、地径生长增益分别达４５．５％、３９．７％；有些家系生长不良，对氮素营养的要求高，２ｇ氮处理可使家系三明４２苗高、地径生长增益分别达３１６．２％、１０３．６％，Ａ１苗高、地径生长增益分别达１３２．５％、１３８．０％；有些家系生长不良，对氮素营养的要求不高。 相似文献
2.
杉木幼林若干光合特性的研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
在５年生的灰杉和普通杉木人工林中，分别测定其当年生叶片和２年生叶片中叶绿素含量年动态、光合作用某些特性，结果表明：光合作用日进程中呈明显的“双峰”曲线；叶绿素含量年变化规律与其生长规律相一致，即生长盛期含量高，生长停滞期含量较少。施Ｎ肥可使苗期叶绿素含量迅速升高。优良的无性系或家系中叶绿素含量、光合作用都较高。 相似文献
3.
重瓣大岩桐快速繁殖试验 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对重瓣大岩桐快速繁殖研究的结果表明：试管苗微繁基本培养基为含较高质量浓度矿质营养成分的ＭＳ；增殖所需植物生长调节剂组合为ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｍ（ＢＡ）：ｍ（ＮＡＡ）＝１０：１。高生长所需植物生长调节剂组合为ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｍ（ＢＡ）：ｍ（ＮＡＡ）＝５：１，添加果汁发现最佳增殖培养基为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋草莓汁２０ｍＬ／Ｌ， 相似文献
4.
通过时来舟林场三块立地条件大体属优良、中等、不良的样地进行生物量调查，探讨不同立地条件下杉木林的生长差异。调查结果表明：２０年生杉木人工林优良林分现存生物量为１５４．２ｔ／ｈｍ２（干重），而不良地只有６２．６ｔ／ｈｍ２；其中优良地的干干重为１２８．９ｔ／ｈｍ２，不良地只有其３７％，为４８．１ｔ／ｈｍ２；优良地的枝、叶干重分别为１３．０ｔ／ｈｍ２、１２．３ｔ／ｈｍ２，不良地为７．４ｔ／ｈｍ２、７．１ｔ／ｈｍ２，分别是优良地的５７％与５８％；干的年生长量优良地为，１９．６３ｍ３／ｈｍ２，不良地只有５．６４ｍ３／ｈｍ２，是优良地的２９％。优良地与不良地林分生物量的显著差异说明适地适树造林对南方低山丘陵区具有非常重要的意义。同时也指出坡位是划分立地条件的重要因子。 相似文献
5.
通过对杂交杨ｗ－１４密度试验所产种条、苗木的生物量测算、内含物（还原糖、全氮等）测定、育苗、造林试验，确定了生产种条的合理密度为７～１４株／ｍ２，平茬苗（Ⅰ（２）－０）的合理密度为３～６株／ｍ２；合格种条的标准是地径（离地５ｃｍ）、Ｄ５＞１ｃｍ，Ｄ５／Ｈ＞０．００６，全条皮干重（Ｗ）在（Ｗ）ｄ１１．７ｇ以上，还原糖含量在４４ｍｇ／ｇ左右，合格苗木的标准是：地径（离地６ｃｍ）Ｄ６＞１．５－２．０ｃｍ，地上部皮干重为３１ｇ或３９ｇ以上，上段皮还原糖含量在４５．８ｍｇ／ｇ以上。 相似文献
6.
提高杉木种子园种子产量及品质技术措施的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对湖南省东安县杉木无性系种子园施肥试验的结果表明：３、６、８月中旬每次每株各施尿素０．４ｋｇ、过磷酸钙０．３ｋｇ、氯化钾０．２ｋｇ为球花产量最高的施肥方案；施肥对当年的种子播种品质有影响，但不大；种子园大片母树不挂果的原因是土壤和树体中锰含量过高而树体中的硼元素缺乏，对此提出对土壤施石灰和对母树针叶喷Ｂ肥的改良措施；３—８月是杉木种子园施Ｎ、Ｐ．Ｋ肥最适宜时期；确定８月是杉木种子园母树营养诊断进行针叶分析的最佳采样时期，并制定出杉木种子园母树的针叶中全Ｎ含量为０．８％、全Ｐ含量为０．１２％、全Ｋ含量为０．７％是其临界值；针叶全Ｎ含量０．８—１．２％、全Ｋ含量０．７－０．９％是其最适浓度范围；中耕松土对种子园种子产量影响不明显。 相似文献
7.
8.
杉木母树林遗传型疏伐和提高种子产量技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高杉木种子产量和提供经过初步改良的优质种子,应在优良种源区选择１０～２０年生Ｉ类林分,通过疏伐建立采种基地示范林。疏伐强度随林分密度,林龄,郁闭度和立地条件而定,建立母树林要注意确定位置,隔离和母树选择。二次疏伐,间隔５年左右,强度为６０％～７０％,最终郁闭度为０．５,保留株数每公顷为３９０～４２０株左右为宜。研究结果表明,母树生长量,结实量有显著的增加。 相似文献
9.
用蓝桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｇｌｏｂｕｌｕｓ）离体芽器官诱导培养，分化形成丛生芽，年繁殖系数３￣（１２）。０．１～０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的６－ＢＡ或０．５～０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＫＴ诱导外植体（带节茎段）腋芽萌动的效果最佳，诱导率分别达８０．３％和８１．５％。１．５～２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的６～ＢＡ或２０～２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＫＴ分别与０．５～１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ组合，对于促进腋芽分化形成丛生芽及继代培养中芽的增殖具有最佳效果。培养基中的无机盐浓度、蔗糖含量对蓝桉试管苗的生根具有显著影响；ＩＢＡ促进蓝桉试管苗的生根。至目前为止，在１／２ＭＳ无机盐培养基＋ＩＢＡ１．２～１．４ｍｇ／Ｌ＋Ｓ５ｇ／Ｌ中诱导生根，生根率最高可达２６．４％。 相似文献
10.
对２０个杉木不同家系的苗木进行磷素营养要求试验，１年生苗木盆栽试验结果表明：杉木不同家系苗木对磷素营养反应敏感，２ｇ磷处理使苗高、地径分别增益３．７％—９６．５％、７．４％—６１．１％，４ｇ磷处理使苗高、地径分别增益２．１％—８３．１％、３．７％—５７．９％，杉木苗期需要磷素营养。三明３８、三明６７、三明４８、三明５８四个家系生长比较理想，在０ｇ磷处理下，１年生平均苗高１３．０—１５．９９ｃｍ，平均地径０．２３—０．２７ｃｍ，这４个家系具有更大的生长潜力，２０个家系间对磷素营养要求方面不存在显著的差异。 相似文献
11.
Influence of nitrogen and phosphorous availability and ozone stress on Norway spruce seedlings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Four-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies L. (Karst.)) seedlings were exposed to ambient and elevated (1.5 x ambient in 1997 and 1.6 x ambient in 1998) ozone concentrations [O3] and three nitrogen (N) and two phosphorus (P) availabilities: "optimal" values (control); 70% of the control N and P values (LN and LP); and 150% of the control N value (HN). Treatments were applied in an open-field ozone fumigation facility during the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons. Effects on growth, mineral and pigment concentrations, stomatal conductance and ultrastructure of needles were studied. The HN treatment increased growth significantly, whereas elevated [O3] had a slight or variable impact on growth and biomass allocation in all N treatments. Although there were no significant effects of the LP treatment on plant growth during the second year, there was a reduction in 1-year-old shoot dry mass in the elevated O3 + LP treatment at the end of the experiment. There were no significant treatment effects on mineral concentrations of current-year and 1-year-old needles at the final harvest. In response to the HN treatment, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid concentrations increased significantly in current-year needles. Chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased in response to elevated [O3] alone, but increased in seedlings in the O(3) + LP treatment. Stomatal conductance of current-year needles decreased with increasing N availability, but increased in response to elevated [O3]. However, the O3-induced increase in stomatal conductance was less in the LN and LP treatments than in the control treatment. In chloroplasts of current-year needles, increased N availability decreased mean starch grain area, but increased the number of plastoglobuli. We conclude that Norway spruce seedlings are relatively tolerant to slightly elevated [O3], and that nitrogen and phosphorus imbalances do not greatly affect the influence of O3 on this species when the exposure lasts for two growing seasons or less. 相似文献
12.
We measured needle pigment content and photosynthetic rates of 1-year-old western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) during autumn foliar senescence. Chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (xanthophyll + b-carotene) contents of needles declined 11 and 17%, respectively, before CO(2) assimilation rate began to decline. Chlorophyll a/b ratio, Chl/carotenoid ratio, photochemical efficiency (F(v)/F(m)), and photochemical quenching did not begin to decline until late in senescence. Internal CO(2)/ambient CO(2) did not change during needle yellowing. In seedlings in warmed soil (average 3 degrees C above natural conditions), the decline in needle chlorophyll content was delayed by 10 days and the decline in CO(2) assimilation rate was delayed by 5 days, compared with seedlings in soil at ambient temperature. In seedlings exposed to an extended 16-h photoperiod, the decline in needle chlorophyll content was delayed by 32 days, and the decline in CO(2) assimilation rate was delayed by 21 days, compared with seedlings exposed to natural day lengths. In addition to delaying the onset of needle senescence, the treatments affected the sequence of events during senescence. Differences among treatment groups provide evidence that the onset of pigment loss and photosynthetic decline and the sequence of events during needle senescence are affected by soil temperature and day length. 相似文献
13.
Five-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were grown in open-top chambers at ambient and elevated (ambient + 400 &mgr;mol mol(-1)) CO(2) concentrations. Net photosynthesis (A), specific leaf area (SLA) and concentrations of nitrogen (N), carbon (C), soluble sugars, starch and chlorophyll were measured in current-year and 1-year-old needles during the second year of CO(2) enrichment. The elevated CO(2) treatment stimulated photosynthetic rates when measured at the growth CO(2) concentration, but decreased photosynthetic capacity compared with the ambient CO(2) treatment. Acclimation to elevated CO(2) involved decreases in carboxylation efficiency and RuBP regeneration capacity. Compared with the ambient CO(2) treatment, elevated CO(2) reduced light-saturated photosynthesis (when measured at 350 &mgr;mol mol(-1) in both treatments) by 18 and 23% (averaged over the growing season) in current-year and 1-year-old needles, respectively. We observed significant interactive effects of CO(2) treatment, needle age and time during the growing season on photosynthesis. Large seasonal variations in photosynthetic parameters were attributed to changes in needle chemistry, needle structure and feedbacks governed by whole-plant growth dynamics. Down-regulation of photosynthesis was probably a result of reduced N concentration on an area basis, although a downward shift in the relationship between photosynthetic parameters and N was also observed. 相似文献
14.
The role of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) in the regulation of photosynthesis in the field was assessed by following changes in the amount and activity of Rubisco and in the amounts of chlorophyll and total nitrogen in a willow (Salix cv. Aquatica gigantea) canopy during two growing seasons. An additional aim of this study was to determine how nitrogen is partitioned in the canopy and whether Rubisco and chlorophyll serve as sources of nitrogen. During both growing seasons, the total activity and the amount of Rubisco were high in young, sun-exposed leaves and decreased as the leaves aged and became shaded. In 1985, the specific activity was low (on average 0.8 micromol mm(-1) mg(-1) Rubisco protein) compared with the values obtained in 1986 (on average 1.8 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) Rubisco protein). These differences in the specific activity of Rubisco between the two years might be associated with changes in partitioning of nitrogen. During the cool summer of 1985, about 20% of the total nitrogen was partitioned to Rubisco compared with about 13% during the warm summer of 1986. Rubisco comprised a high proportion (about 60%) of the total soluble protein throughout the 1985 growing season, whereas during the 1986 growing season, the proportion of Rubisco in the total soluble protein fraction was lower and decreased markedly as the leaves became shaded. Chlorophyll did not serve as a source of nitrogen in the canopy. On the contrary, the proportion of total nitrogen in chlorophyll increased with time, which indicates acclimation of the thylakoid membranes to decreasing irradiance. The degree of activation of Rubisco in samples collected in 1986 was high in young, sun-exposed leaves, which suggests that in these leaves, Rubisco may limit the rate of CO(2) uptake. In the shaded leaves of the lower canopy, the degree of activation of Rubisco was low, which indicates that in these leaves, photosynthesis is limited by factors other than Rubisco. 相似文献
15.
Ado Shigihara Yuiko Matsumura Kiyoshi Matsumoto Manabu Igawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(3):188-192
The decline of virgin fir (Abies firma) forest at Mt. Oyama has been reported. Related field observations suggest that high acidity fog is linked with its decline.
However, cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in the same area shows no symptoms of decline. For assessing effects of acid fog on membrane-bound calcium (mCa) of the
leaf mesophyll cells, 9-year-old seedlings of fir (Abies firma) and 8-year-old seedlings of cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were exposed twice a week to simulated acid fog (SAF at pH 3 with pH 5 as control) for 2 h per day in a chamber during May–December
2007 (except August). Current and 1-year-old needles were collected from seedlings and analyzed at 1-month intervals. For
current-year needles of fir, mCa levels in cells exposed to SAF at pH 3 were significantly lower than in cells exposed to
pH 5, especially during September 2007–March 2008. In contrast, it is noteworthy that mCa levels of cedar were maintained
as virtually constant irrespective of SAF acidity, indicating that fir is more sensitive to acid fog than is cedar. Based
on these results, mCa loss by acid fog might also be caused in the declining virgin fir forest at Mt. Oyama. 相似文献
16.
Seasonal changes in concentrations of total nitrogen, free amino acids, chlorophyll, starch and sugar were measured in foliage from fertilized and unfertilized conifer forests in New Mexico and Oregon. In the New Mexico Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco) forest, fertilization resulted in elevated foliar nitrogen concentrations on all dates, from an average of 9 mg g(-1) in unfertilized trees to 14 mg g(-1) in fertilized trees. In the Oregon western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forest, fertilization increased total N by only 15%, from 13 mg g(-1) in unfertilized trees to 15 mg g(-1) in fertilized trees. Foliar nitrogen concentrations on a weight basis were lowest in winter and spring, but did not vary seasonally when expressed on a leaf area basis. Chlorophyll concentrations increased with fertilization and had greater seasonal variation than did total nitrogen concentrations. Chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher during the growing season than in the winter and spring months. Fertilization did not result in major changes in the proportion of total nitrogen in chlorophyll at either the Oregon or the New Mexico site. Concentrations of free amino acids varied with date and fertilization treatment; in New Mexico, amino acids were highest in the winter sample, whereas in Oregon, they were lowest in winter and spring. At both sites, amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in fertilized trees than in control trees on most dates and the ratios of amino acid-N to total N were also significantly higher in fertilized trees. For both sites, starch concentrations were nearly zero for most of the year, but increased sharply just before bud break and initiation of new growth in the spring. Although fertilization resulted in increased nitrogen concentrations in foliage at both sites, the response in New Mexico was much greater than in Oregon. These results are in agreement with forest productivity data that suggest that growth in the New Mexico site is limited by nitrogen, whereas in the Oregon site it is not. 相似文献
17.
We analyzed annual carbohydrate storage and mobilization of bearing ("on") and non-bearing ("off") 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees growing on three different rootstocks. On all rootstocks, carbohydrate storage in shoots and branches of "on" and "off" trees was lowest following the spring growth flush. In "off" trees, stored carbohydrates increased and remained high after the initial growth flush. In "on" trees, stem carbohydrates increased temporarily in early summer, but were mobilized in mid-season during kernel fill, and then increased again after nut harvest. During the dormant season, the only substantial differences in carbohydrate storage between previously "on" and "off" trees were found in the roots of the weakest rootstock. The annual carbohydrate storage and mobilization pattern in canopy branches of heavily cropped pistachio trees appeared to be driven by carbohydrate demands related to nut development and untempered by tree vigor. Mobilization of carbohydrates from current-season and 1- and 2-year-old stem wood of "on" trees during the primary period of kernel fill corresponded with the period of inflorescence bud abscission. Thus, the alternate bearing pattern associated with inflorescence bud abscission in 'Kerman' pistachio may be a function of mid-season mobilization of stored carbohydrates in current-season stems resulting in stimulation of inflorescence bud abscission. 相似文献
18.
Ellsworth DS 《Tree physiology》2000,20(7):435-445
Net CO(2) assimilation (A(net)) of canopy leaves is the principal process governing carbon storage from the atmosphere in forests, but it has rarely been measured over multiple seasons and multiple years. I measured midday A(net) in the upper canopy of maturing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees in the piedmont region of the southeastern USA on 146 sunny days over 36 months. Concurrent data for leaf conductance and photosynthetic CO(2) response curves (A(net)-C(i) curves) were used to estimate the relative importance of stomatal limitations to CO(2) assimilation in the field. In fully expanded current-year and 1-year-old needles, midday light-saturated A(net) was constant over much of the growing season (5-6 &mgr;mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1)), except during drought periods. During the winter season (November-March), midday A(net) of overwintering needles varied in proportion to leaf temperature. Net CO(2) assimilation at light saturation occurred when daytime air temperatures exceeded 5-6 degrees C, as happened on more than 90% of the sunny winter days. In both age classes of foliage, winter carbon assimilation accounted for approximately 15% of the daily carbon assimilation on sunny days throughout the year, and was relatively insensitive to year-to-year differences in temperature during this season. However, strong stomatal limitations to A(net) occurred as a result of water stress associated with freezing cycles in winter. During the growing season, drought-induced water stress produced the largest year-to-year differences in seasonal CO(2) assimilation on sunny days. Seasonal A(net) was more drought sensitive in current-year needles than in 1-year-old needles. Relative stomatal limitations to daily integrated A(net) were approximately 40% over the growing season, and summer drought rather than high temperatures had the largest impact on summer A(net) and integrated annual CO(2) uptake in the upper crown. Despite significant stomatal limitations, a long duration of near-peak A(net) in the upper crown, particularly in 1-year-old needles, conferred high seasonal and annual carbon gain. 相似文献
19.
肉桂人工林土壤速效养分与酶活性的季节变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了广西高峰林场林龄为3年和6年的肉桂人工林土壤速效养分(水解N、速效P、速效K)和土壤酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶)的季节变化规律及其相互关系。结果表明：两种林地土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶话性均表现出明显的季节动态．：E壤速效N、P、K含量和L壤脲酶活性均以肉桂生长初期(3月中旬)最高．其次是第一个生长高峰期(6月中旬)或第二个生长高峰期(9月中旬)，最低是生长未期(12月中旬)；而土壤过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性以第一个生长高峰期或第二个生长高峰期最高．其次是生长初期,最低是生长末期；士壤速效养分与土壤酶活性的季节变化密切相关。因此，生长初期至第一个生长高峰期是肉桂林地施用N、P、K肥的适当时期。 相似文献
20.
We used long-term in situ (15)N labeling of the soil to investigate the contribution of the two main nitrogen (N) sources (N uptake versus N reserves) to sun shoot growth from bud burst to full leaf expansion in 50-year-old sessile oaks. Recovery of (15)N by growing compartments (leaves, twigs and buds) and presence of (15)N in phloem sap were checked weekly. During the first 2 weeks following bud burst, remobilized N contributed ~90% of total N in growing leaves and twigs. Nitrogen uptake from the soil started concomitantly with N remobilization but contributed only slightly to bud burst. However, the fraction of total N due to N uptake increased markedly once bud burst had occurred, reaching 27% in fully expanded leaves and 18% in developed twigs. In phloem sap, the (15)N label appeared a few days after the beginning of labeling and increased until the end of bud burst, and then decreased at full leaf expansion in June. Of all the shoot compartments, leaves attracted most of the absorbed N, which accounted for 68% of new N in shoots, whereas twigs and new buds accounted for only 28 and 3%, respectively. New N allocated to leaves increased from unfolding to full expansion as total N concentration in the leaves decreased. Our results underline the crucial role played by stored N in rapid leaf growth and in the sustained growth of oak trees. Any factors that reduce N storage in autumn may therefore impair spring shoot growth. 相似文献