首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
为了探究TYRP1基因对中国家驴毛色的影响,试验采集410只不同毛色中国家驴的血液样本,采用聚合酶链式反应及单链构象多态性(polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism, PCR-SSCP)方法检测中国家驴TYRP1基因第二内含子中的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)位点,对不同毛色中国家驴个体进行基因分型,并计算基因型频率和等位基因频率,分析TYRP1基因第二内含子多态性与中国家驴不同毛色之间的关系。结果表明：在中国家驴TYRP1基因第二内含子中检测到1个SNP位点(g.1 702A→G),该位点存在AA、AG、GG三种基因型;乌头、黑三粉、青三粉、灰三粉、白色和白化家驴的优势等位基因均为A。乌头、黑三粉和青三粉均为AA基因型频率最高,GG基因型频率最低;灰三粉为AA基因型频率最高,AG基因型频率最低(0)。在乌头、黑三粉、青三粉、灰三粉家驴中,AA基因型频率为灰三粉最高,然后依次为青三粉、黑三粉和乌头;以黑毛色为主色调的家驴(乌头、黑三...  相似文献   

2.
鸵鸟主要性激素分泌规律的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
本研究旨在观察鸵鸟一年中激素分泌规律与发情行为的相关性,为采精和输精掌握最准确的时间,采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定样品中促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌激素(E2)和睾酮(T)的浓度水平。结果表明:①雌鸵鸟血浆内FSH水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化,从11月开始上升,12、2、7月中出现3个明显的分泌波峰,峰值分别为114.354、130.168和144.375 mIU/mL,6月中旬达到全年中最低22.312 mIU/mL;②E2水平在1~5月都呈缓慢上升趋势,在7月突然下降到最低(18.874 pg/mL),9月达全年最高峰(367.285 pg/mL);③雄鸵鸟血浆睾酮(T)浓度从1~6月一直呈上升趋势,6月达到较高水平(121.473 ng/dL),8月达到全年中最低(77.166 pg/dL),到10月中旬达到全年最高(138.562 ng/dL);鸵鸟血浆内FSH、E2及T的浓度水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化与发情表现趋于一致。  相似文献   

3.
黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区西伯利亚狍冬季食性分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
采用粪便显微分析法对2011年11~12月从三江国家级自然保护区内西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)活动区域中采集的16个粪便复合样本进行镜检,并采用频率转换法对数据进行处理,结果表明:三江国家级自然保护区冬季狍取食种类为10科16种(属),取食植物类别中,乔木植物所占比例最高,为68.97%,灌木为21.02%,草本为10.04%。RD(相对密度)1%的植物共有5种,其中,白桦(40.87%)、毛榛子(20.46%)、蒙古栎(18.27%)、江柳(11.47%)、黄豆秸秆(6.00%)占狍冬季植物总量的97.07%,为狍冬季的主要食物。取食食物各科中,桦木科所占比例最大,为58.60%,其次为壳斗科和杨柳科,分别为19.00%和12.39%。并计算得出食物多样性指数H'为-2.16,均匀性指数J'为-0.79,食物生态位宽度B值为5.13。  相似文献   

4.
本研究旨在探讨L-精氨酸(L-Arg)对左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)诱导的猪宫内生长受限的缓解作用.试验选取40头预产期相近、2～4胎次的长白×大约克夏妊娠母猪,随机分为4个处理:处理Ⅰ(正对照)、处理Ⅱ(负对照,注射L-NAME)、处理Ⅲ(L-NAME+1.0%L-Arg)和处理Ⅳ(1.0%L-Arg),每个处理10个重复,每个重复1头母猪.孕85～105 d,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ世猪连续21 d于颈背部皮下多点注射2.5 mL的L-NAME溶液以诱导宫内生长受限(IUGR),剂量为15.0 mg/kg BW.处理Ⅰ和Ⅳ母猪则以相同方式注射等体积的生理盐水.于妊娠第85天、第105天耳静脉采血,分娩时取胎盘血液以测定一氧化氮(NO)、总一氧化氮合酶(TNOS)含量.记录窝产仔数、窝活仔数、窝仔重、窝活仔重、仔猪初生重及活仔初生重,计算IUGR发生率.结果表明:1)在妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加1.0%精氨酸,窝产活仔数由11.20头显著提高到12.60头(P<0.05),窝活仔重由16.21 kg提高至18.26 kg(P<0.05),仔猪IUGR发生率由17.49%降低至6.35%(P<0.05);2)注射L-NAME的母猪窝产活仔数降低了19.64%(P<0.05),窝活仔重降低了27.14%(P<0.01),而仔猪IUGR发生率则显著提高至34.49%(P<0.01).但在注射L-NAME的同时给母猪补充1.0%精氨酸后,窝产活仔数、窝活仔重达正常水平,仔猪IU-GR发生率与正对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);3)给妊娠母猪注射L-NAME,胎盘血清NO、TNOS合成量显著降低(P<0.01),但饲粮中补充1.0%精氨酸后,胎盘血清NO、TNOS合成量恢复至正常水平.由此可知,给妊娠期母猪饲粮中添加1.0%精氨酸后抵消或逆转了由L-NAME诱导的胎盘血清TNOS、NO合成最降低及胎猪生长受限作用,促进了胎猪在宫内的生长发育,并有效地预防了IUGR的发生.  相似文献   

5.
为明晰不同放牧模式对高寒草句植被特征的影响,以祁连山东缘全年连续放牧(CG)、冷季重度放牧(HG)、冷季轻度放牧(LG)、全年划区轮牧(RG)和全年禁牧(NG)5种不同模式放牧草地为研究对象,系统研究植物群落组成和结构的变化.结果 表明:植物群落的盖度、密度、地上生物量、地下生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、丰富度指数和辛普森指数均在RG样地最高,而在CG样地最低.此外,NG样地禾本科植物密度显著提高,莎草科、豆科、杂类草植物密度、群落总密度、植物群落物种数和多样性降低,和RG样地相比,NG样地总物种数减少了20种.因此,为期5年禁牧致使高寒草句植物群落结构单一化,不利于植物多样性的维持.从提高生产力和植物多样性的角度来看,全年划区轮牧是祁连山东缘高寒草甸生态系统的最佳放牧模式.  相似文献   

6.
此研究发现,在淮猪新品系Ι世代中具有促卵泡素β亚基(FSHβ)基因和雌激素受体(ESR)基因的多态性。FSHβ基因中A基因频率(60.53%)高于B基因频率(39.47%);ESR基因中C基因频率(64.47%)高于D基因频率(35.53%)。不同基因型与初产产仔数的研究结果表明,淮猪新品系FSHβ基因的3种基因型中,AA基因型的产仔数最高(11.58头),比AB基因型高1.68头,比BB基因型高1.51头;FSHβ基因和ESR基因的合并基因型,以BBDD型和AACD型产仔数最高,分别为12头和11.83头。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究黑龙江省西南部松嫩羊草草甸的基本特征,试验采用随机样方调查法,于2013年7—8月份在松嫩平原羊草(Leymus chinensis)草甸进行样地植物群落调查,记录样地内所有的物种,并对群落总盖度和各物种分盖度进行综合评估。结果表明:15个样地共出现32种植物,隶属于11个科,其中最多的为菊科(Compositae)11种,占34.38%;其次为禾本科(Gramineae)和豆科(Leguninosae),为6种和5种,分别占18.75%和15.63%。羊草草甸以地面芽植物的种类最多,为14种,占43.75%;地面芽-地下芽的植物为8种,占25.00%;地下芽植物也占有较大的比例,为5种,占15.63%;而地上芽植物和一年生植物的种类数量均较少,分别为2种和3种,各占6.25%和9.38%;没有观察到高位芽植物。物种丰富度一般为10~15种,群落盖度一般为65%~100%,群落高度和物种密度因样地不同而不同;羊草物种的重要值最大,在0.31左右,成为松嫩羊草草甸的优势群落种。说明松嫩草甸主要以羊草的数量和生产量占绝对优势的科学结论是准确的。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨春季休牧后放牧对短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原植物种群种间关系的影响,于2013年8月对苏尼特右旗荒漠草原进行调查研究,试验设2种放牧方式,分别为春季休牧+夏季重牧+秋季适牧(SA1)和春季休牧+夏季适牧+秋季重牧(SA2),分析物种数、物种频度差异,种对关联及群落总体关联性,得到如下结果:春季休牧较对照(全年禁牧)能够显著增加单位面积的物种数,且SA1>SA2;不同植物种群出现频率对春季休牧后不同放牧方式的响应存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。春季休牧后,主要植物种群短花针茅和无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)主要表现为无关联性,短花针茅与碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)主要表现为负关联性。无芒隐子草和碱韭受春季休牧影响,种间关联由对照处理的正关联转为负关联,且负关联程度SA1较SA2强。春季休牧后,无论放牧强度变化如何,正关联种总数较对照均减少,但物种总体种间亲和作用增加。  相似文献   

9.
应用PCR--RFLP技术分析了岔路黑猪(56头)、嘉兴黑猪(50头)和I系金华猪(109头)群体中MyoG基因的基因频率和基因型频率分布,测定了21头纯种岔路黑猪的胴体和肉质性状,并采用一般线性模型分析了MyoG基因型与以上性状的相关性.结果表明:岔路猪群体中AA型纯合子占绝大多数(84%),BB型纯合子最少(4%),A基因频率占90%,嘉兴黑猪群体中只有一种基因型(AA);而金华猪(I系)群体中BB与AB基因型频率相当(分别为45%、46%),B基因频率大约为A基因频率的2倍.MyoG基因对岔路猪胴体重、后腿重、胴体长等胴体性状有显著影响,但对岔路猪肉质性状无显著影响.  相似文献   

10.
采用样方法研究了青岛市5个不同生境下大花金鸡菊（Coreopsis grandiflora）入侵地植物的种类和数量,分析了其物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数,并计算出每种植物的重要值。5个样地共采集本地植物92种,隶属16科,以菊科和禾本科最多,其中出现频率较高或植株数量较多的植物共33种。大花金鸡菊入侵地物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon Wiener指数和Pielou指数较对照均有下降,最大下降幅度分别为34.75%、60.53%、58.22%和41.98%。大花金鸡菊的平均重要值高达56.92%,远大于群落中其他植物的重要值,并且和群落的物种丰富度有显著相关性(R2=0.907),当大花金鸡菊重要值高于20.25%时,样方内物种丰富度随着重要值的增加而减少,对入侵地的植物多样性产生不利的影响。  相似文献   

11.
A study was carried out on 92 smallholder farms in Kwale district in Coast Province of Kenya to estimate the milk yield. The effect of concentrate feed supplementation on milk yield was also evaluated. Data were collected during a one-year observational longitudinal study. Analysis was done for 371 observations following 63 calving events. The mean annual milk offtake was estimated at 2021 kg/cow. Forty-nine (77.8%) of the lactating cows were supplemented with concentrate feeds at varying rates of 0.5-3.0 kg/cow per day. Supplementary feeding of lactating cows led to a significantly higher mean daily milk yield compared to non-supplemented cows throughout the year (p < 0.05). The mean annual milk offtake from supplemented cows (2195 kg/cow) was 18.6% more than offtake from non-supplemented cows, a difference that was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, supplementary feeding of commercial feed concentrates was a rational management practice. It was also concluded that milk production from smallholder dairy cows in the coastal lowlands of Kenya was comparable to that from similar production systems but lower than national targets.  相似文献   

12.
We studied the feeding ecology of 3 sympatric primate species, the lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) and Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus), in a tropical rain forest of the Central Western Ghats, India. Since the availability of leaves is much higher than that of fruits, we expected that the primarily folivorous langurs would use a larger number of resources than the primarily frugivorous macaques. Since fruits are a relatively total resource, unlike leaves, of which only selected parts are consumed, we expected that the primarily frugivorous macaques would use resources more proportionately than the folivorous langurs, resulting in a wider food niche breadth in macaques. We collected data on these primate species over a period of 2 years using scan sampling in a contiguous rain forest. We calculated Levin's standardised food niche breadth for each species. Langurs used a larger number of tree species than macaques, but their niche breadth was narrower than that of macaques. The majority of their diet (over 50%) came from only a few trees in the case of all three primate species. Long-term data are provided herein for the first time on the feeding ecology of bonnet macaques and Hanuman langurs in a tropical rain forest.  相似文献   

13.
Feeding sites for wild Yeso sika deer around Lake Akan, Japan, were established. Effects on the number of deer using the feeding sites, the prevention of bark stripping damage, the amount of feeding, and eating time in a 5‐year period (1999–2003) were evaluated. The number of deer using feeding sites increased with years during the feeding period. The damaged tree ratio after the initiation of feeding markedly decreased compared with 16.5% before the initiation of feeding. After the start of feeding, there were no trees with damage the entire circumference. According to tree species, the number of damaged trees of Ulmus laciniata Mayr as a percentage of all investigated trees was high (5.2%). The total amount of beet pulp feeding increased with the feeding year, showing 4.5‐fold increase. At feeding sites in deer culling, eating behavior was observed during the night. The preventive effects on bark stripping damage continued during the 5‐year feeding period. However, with the course of feeding years, the number of deer using feeding sites and the level of feeding increased.  相似文献   

14.
《African Zoology》2013,48(4):293-297
Many highly invasive plant species produce fleshy fruit that are consumed and dispersed by frugivorous birds. However, little is known about assimilation efficiency of invasive fruit by indigenous and invasive avian species. We investigated whether indigenous Knysna (Tauraco corythaix) and Purple-crested (Gallirex porphyreolophus) Turacos and invasive alien Rose-ringed Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) met their energy demands when fed fruits of four fleshy- fruited invasive alien plant species: Solanum mauritianum, Cinnamomum camphora, Psidium guajava and Morus alba. Birds were fed single-fruit diets for two consecutive days and energetic parameters were calculated for all fruit diets. Our results showed that generally both invasive and indigenous avian species managed to gain their daily energy requirements from fruits of the four respective invasive plants, suggesting that they can meet their energetic demands by feeding on them only. The exception was P. krameri, which did not feed on S. mauritianum fruit. These findings may explain why fruits of invasive alien plants are attractive to most avian frugivores and highlight the role of avian frugivores in their dispersal.  相似文献   

15.
Fleshy‐fruited plants in tropical forests largely rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their seeds. Although this plant–animal interaction is typically considered a diffuse mutualism, it is fundamental as it provides the template on which tropical forest communities are structured. We applied a mutualistic network approach to investigate the relationship between small‐fruited fleshy plant species and the fruit‐eating bird community in an intact evergreen forest in northeast Thailand. A minimum of 53 bird species consumed fruits of 136 plant species. Plant‐avian frugivore networks were highly asymmetrical, with observed networks filling 30% of all potential links. Whereas some of the missing links in the present study might be due to undersampling, forbidden links can be attributed to size constraints, accessibility and phenological uncoupling, and although the majority of missing links were unknown (58.2%), many were probably due to a given bird species being either rare or only a very occasional fruit eater. The most common frugivores were bulbuls, barbets and fairy‐bluebirds, which were responsible for the majority of fruit removal from small fleshy fruited species in our system. Migratory birds seemed to be a minor component of the plant‐frugivore networks, accounting for only 3% of feeding visits to fruiting trees; they filled 2% of the overall potential networks. The majority of interactions were generalized unspecific; however, Saurauia roxburghii Wall. appeared to be dependent on flowerpeckers for dispersal, while Thick‐billed Pigeons were only seen to eat figs.  相似文献   

16.
Woody plant encroachment in natural grasslands is a widely documented global phenomenon that alters ecosystem dynamics by altering historic vegetation composition and suppressing herbaceous productivity. Abundant woody plants often suppress native plants sufficiently to establish successional thresholds difficult to reverse without species augmentation. Juniper (Juniperus virginiana L.) is expanding in North American tallgrass prairie, but it is currently unknown if encroachment creates successional restrictions that limit restoration potential. We selected 16 50×50-m sites with juniper canopy cover ranging from zero to approximately 75% in tallgrass prairie near Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA. Juniper trees were removed from 7 of the sites along the gradient of juniper canopy cover. Canopy cover of plant species and herbaceous plant productivity were estimated at each site 1 year before and 1, 2, and 5 years after tree removal. Before trees were removed, plant species richness and productivity declined as juniper canopy cover increased, and plant community composition dissimilarity of reference sites increased as juniper canopy cover increased. These relationships remained consistent on all non-removal sites throughout the study. The first year after juniper removal, species richness increased on all removal sites compared to intact sites and productivity on removal sites increased two years after removal. Plant community dissimilarity between reference sites and juniper removal sites remained relatively high (30–60%) the first two years after tree removal on all removal sites, but dissimilarity was about 22% 5 years after juniper removal. Within 5 years, removal sites were comparable to reference plant communities. Grassland restoration frequently requires species manipulation and additional seeding, particularly when overcoming successional limitations. Juniper encroachment into tallgrass prairie alters plant community species composition and productivity. However, in our study, juniper associated succession limitations were not apparent, and complete autogenic restoration was achieved within 5 years without seeding or species manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
The feral pig is an exotic species in the Sierra La Laguna Biosphere Reserve, Baja California Sur, Mexico, and is considered harmful to the woodlands and tropical deciduous forest because of its foraging habits. To determine the taxonomic, nutrient, and energy content of the feral pig diet in this area, stomach contents of forty feral pigs were analyzed during the dry and rainy seasons in the woodlands and the tropical deciduous forest. Results indicate that feral pigs are frugivore-herbivore and stenophagous, feeding on a high percentage of fruits and seeds (77–87%) that provide high metabolizable energy (8293–11,585 kJ kg−1 dry matter) and moderate crude protein (94.1–151.6 g kg−1 dry matter) year round in the woodland and during the dry season in the tropical deciduous forest, or high percentage of leaves, stems, and tubers (44%) that provide low metabolizable energy (4740 kJ kg−1 dry matter) and moderate crude protein (107.5 g kg−1 dry matter) in the rainy season in the tropical deciduous forest. Therefore, diets based on fruits and seeds favor a lower quantity of food to meet the energy for maintenance of feral pigs than those based on other plant tissues: pine nuts < acorns ≈ wild figs < leaves, stems, and tubers. The observed diet based on acorns, along with estimates of acorn production results in a carrying capacity estimate of 0.031 adult feral pig ha−1 yr−1 during years of low acorn production. Thus, feral pigs in the area use fruits and seeds in both woodlands and tropical deciduous forest because of their quality as food resources. The availability of the food resources preferred by pigs (pine nuts, acorns, fan-palm fruits, and wild figs) during the year can be used to inform potentially sustainable feral pig carrying capacities and establish hunting programs.  相似文献   

18.
The stone marten (Martes foina) is a carnivorous mammal that often consumes fleshy fruits, thus potentially promoting seed dispersion. The present study was developed in Bussaco National Forest, central Portugal, and aimed to assess the potential role of the stone marten in dispersing native and exotic plants in different forest landscape types. Seeds from stone marten scats and fleshy fruits were collected monthly and were thereafter identified and sowed in a nursery, following a randomized experimental setup. Plant emergence was monitored fortnightly. Generalized linear models were used to test for differences in time and success of emergence between seeds from scats and fruits of 3 native species (Rubus ulmifolius, Arbutus unedo and Celtis australis) and 1 exotic plant species with invasive behavior (Prunus laurocerasus). Fruit consumption by the stone martens significantly increased and accelerated the germination of the native R. ulmifolius but had no effect on the other 2 native species or on the invasive species. This suggested that stone martens contribute to gene flow and forest regeneration by dispersing native plant seeds. However, although the germination was not enhanced in the invasive species, the preference of stone martens for these fruits may potentially contribute to the proliferation of P. laurocerasus. Our study represents a contribution to better understanding the fauna and flora interactions, enabling for a more conscious and effective decision‐making in forest management.  相似文献   

19.
2003～2007年,在广西岑王老山国家级自然保护区通过人工投喂、跟踪观察和解剖等方法对再引入黑颈长尾雉的食物选择进行了初步研究,结果表明再引入黑颈长尾雉选择的植物性食物有24科41种,取食部位有植物的花、果实、幼嫩的叶子和茎：动物性食物有蜈蚣目、直翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目等4个目的昆虫。  相似文献   

20.
Savannas are notable for the varied patterns of leaf display in the tree layer. Characterising this variation, and assessing the range of phenological strategies apparent in savanna ecosystems will be helpful for understanding savanna tree life-histories and their response to global change. We recorded leaf phenological metrics on a monthly basis for 28 woody species for one year in a semi-arid savanna at Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. Using these metrics four plant functional types were described: (1) evergreen species, which retained full canopy throughout the year; (2) semi-evergreen species, which lost a significant amount of canopy during the dry season, but not less than 60%; (3) obligate deciduous species in which the canopy was leafless for about 3 months during the dry season; and (4) rain-stimulated species, in which canopy flushing was driven by rainfall patterns. Of the 28 species, 18% were evergreen, 18% obligate deciduous, 32% semi-evergreen and 32% were rain-stimulated species. These results confirm that phenological strategies are variable in savannas, and highlight that there are numerous cues controlling the timing of leaf out and leaf drop. By defining distinct phenological strategies we can predict which plant functional types will have phenological cues that will be vulnerable to shifting climates.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号