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采用不同提取液、不同提取液倍数、不同提取方法对狼毒大戟进行了提取率的研究，同时对不同提取液及提取方法所得提取物质成分进行了分析。结果表明：以甲醇作为提取溶液采用6倍常温浸泡后索氏提取然后再常温浸泡的提取方法提取率最高，以95％乙醇作为提取液采用同样的提取方法其提取率次之；以95％乙醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯作为提取液采用6倍常温浸泡后索氏提取再常温浸泡的提取方法较其他方法提取率高。甲醇在该方法下不仅提取率最高，而且其提取物所含成分也比较多，乙醇次之。由此可以得出，对于狼毒大戟的粗提取．采用甲醇或者乙醇作为提取溶液比较合适，其最佳提取方法为6倍常温浸泡后索氏提取然后再常温浸泡的提取方法。 相似文献
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蜂胶提取液在油麦菜保鲜上的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用不同浓度的蜂胶乙醇提取液对采收的新鲜油麦菜进行涂膜保鲜试验,以考察不同浓度的蜂胶乙醇提取液对新鲜油麦菜的保鲜效果.结果表明,3％左右的蜂胶乙醇提取液对油麦菜保鲜有明显效果,可有效延长其自然存放时间,且对油麦菜的口感无影响. 相似文献
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以金银花为原料,采用微波法辅助提取金银花中的绿原酸,研究浸提时间、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、pH值对金银花中绿原酸提取率的影响。采用正交试验优化提取工艺,结果表明:浸提时间30min、乙醇浓度75%、料液比1∶30、提取温度65℃、pH值为7时金银花中绿原酸的提取率达5.068mg/g。 相似文献
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蜂胶在禽蛋保鲜贮存中的应用初探 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
用6种不同浓度的蜂胶乙醇提取液涂抹禽(鸡)蛋,在夏季常温下进行保鲜贮存试验证明:不同浓度的蜂胶乙醇提取液对禽蛋均有一定的防腐保鲜作用,其中浓度为10.4％的蜂胶乙醇提取液保鲜效果最好,贮存107天后,蛋重损失率平均为2.25％,蛋黄轮廓明显,未出现严重缺损;而对照组贮存到60天时,蛋白呈稀水样,全部变黑腐臭,无法食用。 相似文献
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蜂胶黄酮提取纯化的工艺研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定蜂胶黄酮提取纯化的最佳工艺条件.以蜂胶黄酮的得率和绝对提取率为指标,采用正交法优化乙醇提取蜂胶黄酮的工艺条件,考察乙醇浓度、液固比、水浴温度和水浴时间对蜂胶黄酮得率和绝对提取率的影响,再通过大孔吸附树脂对蜂胶黄酮进行纯化.结果表明,最佳提取纯化工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为60%,液固比为18ml/g,水浴温度为55℃,水浴时间为5h,上述工艺条件下,黄酮纯度为72.2%.最优树脂为D101,吸附速度为1.0ml/min,洗脱剂先采用40%乙醇2BV体积洗脱洗去杂质,再用80%乙醇5BV体积洗脱获得黄酮成分,此条件下层析得到的蜂胶黄酮纯度90.2%. 相似文献
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为对鸡血藤总黄酮的提取工艺方法进行优化选择,以单因素考察为试验基础,选用四因素三水平的正交试验方案,对乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、料液比四个因素对鸡血藤总黄酮提取率的影响进行了研究。结果表明:试验条件范围内鸡血藤总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇提取液浓度60%、提取温度70℃、提取时间2.5 h、提取料液比1:20,此条件下鸡血藤总黄酮的提取率为34.90%。同时试验分析结果表明,四个影响因素中提取时间对提取率影响最大。综上,此提取工艺方法绿色、简单,可为鸡血藤在饲料添加剂中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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不同浓度的山梨酸钾和不同浓度的蜂胶乙醇提取液加入到蜂蜜苹果酱中用于防腐试验。另一组为空白对照,结果是蜂胶乙醇提取液的防腐效果比山梨酸钾略差。其浓度越大,蜂蜜苹果酱的保质期越长,最佳添加浓度为0.4%,但当添加浓度≥0.8%时,影响蜂蜜苹果酱的风味、口感和色泽。 相似文献
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为了考察膜分离技术对中药鱼腥草芩蓝水提液除杂效果的影响,以鱼腥草芩蓝水提液为研究对象,采用微滤、超滤和纳滤相结合的方式,对鱼腥草芩蓝水提液进行膜过滤除杂及膜浓缩工艺进行研究,并与传统水提醇沉工艺进行比较。结果显示,鱼腥草芩蓝水提液膜过滤除杂初滤、超滤和膜浓缩工艺的最佳孔径分别为:200 nm、50 kd和1.5 kd;膜过滤除杂所制备鱼腥草芩蓝口服液中绿原酸、黄芩苷平均含量分别为1.11、8.53 mg/m L,醇沉除杂工艺所制备鱼腥草芩蓝口服液中绿原酸、黄芩苷平均含量分别为0.95、5.34 mg/m L,且不同批次含量测定的RSD值均3%(n=3);膜过滤除杂工艺制备的样品进行蛋白质检测时未出现浑浊,醇沉除杂工艺制备的样品有浑浊出现;不同工艺制备的鱼腥草芩蓝口服液,稳定性均良好。综上所述,膜分离技术除杂所制备鱼腥草芩蓝口服液工艺稳定可靠、简便易行,且绿色、安全,显著降低生产成本,本文对工业化生产和推广具有指导意义。 相似文献
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锰对种蛋受精率、孵化率及蛋中锰、铜、锌浓度的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选用1日龄星杂“288”鉴别母雏540只进行试验,以探讨日粮中不同水平锰对种蛋受精率、孵化率、蛋中锰、铜、锌浓度的影响,以及蛋中锰含量与受精率、孵化率之间的关系。结果表明:受精率以日粮含锰110mg/kg为最高(77.18％),对照组最低(64.16％),但各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。受精蛋的孵化率以日粮含锰70mg/kg组最高(94.85％),对照组最低(80.36％),二者差异极显著(P<0.01):雏鸡在一周内脱腱症的发生率:对照组为11.80％,日粮含锰30mg/kg组为636％,其它四组未发现。当日粮中含锰70mg/kg时,不仅可获得最佳孵化率,而且可有效地防止脱腱症的发生。日粮锰含量增高时,对蛋壳、蛋清、蛋黄中铜、锌的含量及蛋清、蛋壳中锰的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),但对蛋黄中锰含量有显著影响(P<0.01).蛋黄中锰含量随日粮锰含量的增高而增加,二者呈极显著的线性相关(r=0.9370).y=0.0168x+3.3062,r为相关系数,y为蛋黄中锰含量,x为日粮中锰含量),日粮添加锰可以显著增加蛋黄中锰含量,而对铜、锌无显著影响。 相似文献
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Four groups of three ram lambs were fed, in group pens, the following diets from 4 to 19 wk of age: 1) control (6 mg Cu/kg and 1 mg Mo/kg); 2) control plus 10 mg Cu/kg; 3) control plus 10 mg Mo/kg and 4) control plus 10 mg/kg of both Cu and Mo. Copper and Mo were added to the diet as copper sulfate and sodium molybdate. The main ingredients of the diets were alfalfa hay (20%), oats (20%) and corn (59%). At 19 wk, the animals were allocated randomly to individual metabolism cages and received a single oral dose of 75Se-selenomethionine. Liver Cu concentrations at slaughter (22 wk) were 77, 259, 68 and 316 mg/kg fresh weight for treatments 1 through 4. There was clinical evidence of Cu poisoning in lambs on treatment 2. Sheep given Cu supplements without additional Mo had reduced (P less than .05) levels of 75Se activity in muscle compared with control animals. This decrease in muscle 75Se in Cu-supplemented lambs was associated with a nonsignificant increase in 75Se content of other tissues and a nonsignificant increase in fecal excretion of 75Se. Apparent absorption and net retention of 75Se was 80% and 74%, respectively. Long-term ingestion of moderate levels of Cu influenced the metabolism of Se fed as selenomethionine, possibly through effects of chronic Cu toxicity on liver function. 相似文献
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饲粮铁、铜水平对早期断奶仔猪生长发育及组织铁、铜含量的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本试验就饲粮铁、铜水平对早期断奶仔猪(30日龄)生长发育及组织中铁、铜含量的影响进行了研究。结果指出:在含铁70mg/kg及含铜10mg/kg的基础饲料中以硫酸亚铁形式添加35及70mg/kg铁和以硫酸铜形式添加125及200mg/kg铜时,对仔猪生长性能、组织器官的发育以及品骨、肾脏中的铁含量没有影响,但饲粮铁水平的增加可导致肝脏和脾脏铁含量的增加。在饲粮中添加35mg/kg及70mg/kg的铁时,可使肝脏铁含量增加14.6％和55.0％(P<0.01),使脾脏铁含量增加15.1％(P<0.05)及22.9％(P<0.01)。在仔猪饲粮中添加200mg/kg铜,可使仔猪日增重和采食量分别提高9.7％和16.2％,使肾脏和肝脏铜含量分别增加104.6％(P<0.01)和434.0％(P<0.01),使肝脏铁含量降低19.4％(P<0.05)。添加125mg/kg铜,使肾脏和肝脏铜增加27.9％和93.4％(P<0.01),使肝脏铁降低9.4％。 相似文献
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Kamphues J Stolte M Tschentscher A Rust P 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1999,106(11):466-470
In continuing investigations on effects of milk replacers with high ash and mineral contents (KAMPHUES et al., 1999a) on feces' quality and composition in calves in the present study the sulfate concentration (and its effects) in milk replacers and whey products were proved. In 13 samples of milk replacers the SO4 concentration varied between 2.4 and 6.7 g/kg dry matter, in 14 samples of dried whey products SO4- concentrations of 1.4 up to 41.8 g/kg dm were found. In general higher sulphur contents were caused by higher concentrations of sulfate. In feeding a milk replacer (6.7 g SO4/kg dm) about 20% of the consumed sulfate were excreted via feces (app. digestibility of about 80%). In experiments with elevated SO4 intake (in liquid diets: 560-1980 mg/l) the digestibility rate of sulfate decreased dose dependently (75-->65%). By analysis of milk replacers (used in previous experiments, TSCHENTSCHER, 1998) resulting in diarrhea in all treated calves unexpected SO4- concentrations were found of 16.3 and 10.2 g/kg dm. In feeding experiments (6 calves) by addition of Na2SO4 (85%) and MgSO4 (15%) sulfate concentration in the liquid diet was elevated from 560 mg to 1980 mg/l. Here the SO4 concentration in the diet and the dry matter content in calves' feces were correlated significantly (r = -0.86). Presented results on the SO4 concentration in milk replacers and the observed effects of sulfate intake on feces quality (i.e. dry matter content of feces) indicate by the first time that the SO4 content in milk replacers and dried whey products is an essential parameter when an estimation of milk replacers or whey products' quality is required. 相似文献
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J Raszyk 《Veterinární medicína》1987,32(1):19-26
In twenty fattened pigs with papular dermatitis (PD) and in seventeen pigs with no skin lesions (K),--the pigs had the live weight from 95 to 105 kg and came from a D. large fattening house situated in a region with extensive mining (lignite extraction)--we analyzed the skin, muscle, kidneys and liver for the contents of chemical elements (zinc, copper, manganese, lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium) and aflatoxin B1. In pancreas we analyzed only the content of aflatoxin B1. In comparison with the K group, the pigs with PD had in the skin the higher contents of zinc (PD 15.7 +/- 7.1 mg per kg, K 10.1 +/- 1.3 mg per kg, P less than 0.05) and aflatoxin B1 (PD 3.18 +/- 1.53 micrograms per kg, K 1.56 +/- 0.49 microgram per kg, P less than 0.05); in the muscle the higher contents of zinc (PD 30.2 +/- 7.6 mg per kg, K 23.8 +/- 5.4 mg per kg, P less than 0.05), of lead (PD 0.48 +/- 0.31 mg per kg, K 0.25 +/- 0.28 mg per kg, P less than 0.05) and copper (PD 3.19 +/- 3.11 mg per kg, K 0.98 +/- 0.41 mg per kg, P less than 0.01); in the kidneys the higher contents of lead (PD 0.96 +/- 0.75 mg per kg, K 0.26 +/- 0.34 mg per kg, P less than 0.01), cadmium (PD 0.38 +/- 0.14 mg per kg, K 0.26 +/- 0.20 mg per kg, P less than 0.05), manganese (PD 1.14 +/- 0.04 mg per kg, K 0.94 +/- 0.42 mg per kg, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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含水量及添加剂对燕麦捆裹青贮品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了搞清不同含水量和添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质的影响,试验设置2个含水量(45%~50%,65%~70%)和5个添加剂处理进行研究。5个添加剂处理分别为玉米粉(4%)、尿素(0.4%)、Synlac Dry(0.002 g/kg)、Sila-Max 200 (0.0025 g/kg) 和直接青贮(CK)。以灌浆期全株燕麦为青贮原料,捆裹青贮40 d后取样,测定其营养指标、发酵指标和主要微生物类群数量。结果表明,含水量与添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质的影响非常显著。与45%~50%含水量相比,65%~70%含水量下各处理的CP、主要有机酸含量和LAB数量比较稳定;NDF、ADF、WSC和M&Y数量降低,青贮效果较优。与CK相比,最佳含水量下玉米粉和尿素处理的青贮燕麦NDF、ADF、NH3-N均显著增加(P<0.05),WSC显著减少。Sila-Max 200处理的NDF、ADF含量最低(P<0.05),分别为52.12%和32.14%;LA含量最高,LAB数量也显著提高(P<0.05),抑制了好氧细菌的生长繁殖,效果优于Synlac Dry,青贮品质最佳。综上所述,在65%~70%原料含水量条件下选择合适添加剂处理可显著提高燕麦青贮品质。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)及不同性别在建立大鼠糖性白内障模型方面的差异。将65、70和75 mg/kg 3个浓度STZ通过一次性腹腔注射建立雌、雄性大鼠糖性白内障模型,36 h后尾静脉采血测血糖,3周后进行裂隙灯检查,每天测量动物饮食量及排粪尿量变化,每周测定体重。试验结果显示,70 mg/kg STZ比65 mg/kg STZ糖性白内障发生时间缩短约1周,且比75 mg/kg STZ死亡率低。同浓度STZ腹腔注射后雌性大鼠糖尿病发生时间为72 h,雄性大鼠为36 h,白内障发生时间雌性比雄性大鼠慢约1周。试验结果表明,腹腔注射70 mg/kg STZ在糖性白内障模型建立所需时间及模型稳定性等方面具有优势,雄性大鼠较雌性更易于建立糖性白内障模型。 相似文献
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Effect of dietary zinc content and sources on the growth, body zinc deposition and retention, zinc excretion and immune response in chickens. 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
1. In areas of intensive animal production heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), which is present at high concentrations in poultry excreta in relation to plant requirements, may be at the origin of soil phytotoxicity This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of decreasing dietary Zn content on growth, plasma, tibia and whole body Zn concentrations, immune function, enzyme activity, Zn body retention and Zn concentration in excreta in broilers. 2. Two experiments were carried out using 160 and 80 1-day-old chicks. Broilers received diets with increased Zn contents of 20 to 190 mg/kg. In experiment 1, two sources of zinc methionine were compared to zinc sulphate. 3. A dietary Zn concentration of 45 mg/kg was sufficient to obtain normal broiler performance at 21 d of age. 4. Tibia and plasma Zn concentrations increased linearly with Zn dietary content and reached a plateau at 75 mg/kg, whereas the whole body Zn was saturated when the dietary Zn content was 90 mg/kg. 5. Antibody titres in response to SRBC injection and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity were not affected by dietary zinc concentration. 6. When the dietary Zn content was decreased from 190 to 65 mg/kg, body Zn retention was increased from 8% to 20% and Zn concentration in broiler manure was reduced by 75%. 7. Zn sources had no effect on the parameters measured in this study. 8. A nutritional approach, that is by lowering dietary Zn supplementation may reduce the risks of phytotoxicity in the soil resulting from excessive Zn concentration in manure. 相似文献
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莲花花粉营养成分分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对莲花花粉的主要营养成分进行了分析测定,结果发现,莲花花粉的含水量7.88%、灰分4.09%、脂肪5.59%、蛋白质15.26%、还原糖7.05%;维生素含量较高的有:VC102mg/100g,VE1.21mg/100g,VB10.6mg/100g,其它维生素未检测到;钾和镁的含量高于大多数花粉;17种氨基酸的含量为15.81%,7种人体必需氨基酸占44.23%,其中以谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸的含量最高,分别为2.24%和2.15%,胱氨酸含量最低,为0.14%;脂肪酸中以棕榈酸含量最高,相对含量为42.23%,亚麻酸、油酸和亚油酸的相对含量分别为25.17%、12.83%和9.90%,PUFA/SFA比值为0.75。本文还首次测定了莲花花粉的水浸率和醇浸率,分别为49.70%和47.35%。建议结合抗氧化能力和测定主要活性成分含量,作为花粉质量控制的指标。 相似文献