共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
To achieve X-chromosome dosage compensation, organisms must distinguish X chromosomes from autosomes. We identified multiple, cis-acting regions that recruit the Caenorhabditis elegans dosage compensation complex (DCC) through a search for regions of X that bind the complex when detached from X. The DCC normally assembles along the entire X chromosome, but not all detached regions recruit the complex, despite having genes known to be dosage compensated on the native X. Thus, the DCC binds first to recruitment sites, then spreads to neighboring X regions to accomplish chromosome-wide gene repression. From a large chromosomal domain, we defined a 793-base pair fragment that functions in vivo as an X-recognition element to recruit the DCC. 相似文献
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In Caenorhabditis elegans the two sexes, hermaphrodites and males, are thought to be irreversibly determined at fertilization by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes: XX embryos develop as hermaphrodites and XO embryos as males. We show instead that both sex and genotype of C. elegans can be altered postembryonically and that this flexibility requires sexual reproduction. When grown in specific bacterial metabolites, some XX larvae generated by mating males and hermaphrodites develop as males and lose one X chromosome. However, XX larvae produced by hermaphrodite self-fertilization show no such changes. We propose that sexual reproduction increases developmental flexibility of progeny, allowing for better adaptation to changing environments. 相似文献
3.
Gerstein MB Lu ZJ Van Nostrand EL Cheng C Arshinoff BI Liu T Yip KY Robilotto R Rechtsteiner A Ikegami K Alves P Chateigner A Perry M Morris M Auerbach RK Feng X Leng J Vielle A Niu W Rhrissorrakrai K Agarwal A Alexander RP Barber G Brdlik CM Brennan J Brouillet JJ Carr A Cheung MS Clawson H Contrino S Dannenberg LO Dernburg AF Desai A Dick L Dosé AC Du J Egelhofer T Ercan S Euskirchen G Ewing B Feingold EA Gassmann R Good PJ Green P Gullier F Gutwein M Guyer MS Habegger L Han T Henikoff JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6012):1775-1787
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The signal for sex determination in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes (X/A ratio). By previous genetic tests, elements that feminized chromosomal males appeared to be widespread on the X chromosome, but the nature of these elements was not determined. In experiments to define a feminizing element molecularly, cloned sequences were added to chromosomally male embryos by microinjection into the mother. Three different X-chromosome clones, including part of an actin gene, part of a myosin heavy chain gene, and all of two myosin light chain genes, feminize chromosomal males. Both somatic and germline aspects of sex determination are affected. In contrast, about 40 kilobases of nematode autosomal DNA, phage lambda DNA, and plasmid pBR322 DNA do not affect sex determination. A feminizing region was localized to a maximum of 131 base pairs within an intron of the X-linked actin gene; a part of the gene that does not have this region is not feminizing. The results suggest that short, discrete elements found associated with many X-linked genes may act as signals for sex determination in C. elegans. 相似文献
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我们采用双峰驼的外周血液淋巴细胞培养方法,对其染色体进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,双峰驼的染色体数目为 2n=74。并初步摸索出一个比较易行的培养操作过程,为进一步开展骆驼遗传结构研究提供了参考材料. 相似文献
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蒙古马染色体核型初步分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文采用外周血淋巴细胞短期培养方法,对蒙古马染色体进行了核型分析。分析结果表明,蒙古马的二倍体细胞染色体数为2n=64。其中有31对常染色体和1对性染色体(XY型)。31对常染色体中有13对为中部着丝点染色体和18对为端都着丝点染色体。X为近中着丝点染色体,Y为端部着丝点染色体。 相似文献
7.
采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法 ,对关中奶山羊和同羊的染色体核型进行分析。结果表明 ,关中奶山羊染色体数 2 n=60 ,其中有 2 9对常染色体和 1对性染色体 ,常染色体都为端部着丝点染色体。X染色体为第二对最大的端部着丝点染色体 ,Y染色体为唯一的、最小的中部着丝点染色体。同羊二倍体染色体数 2 n=5 4,其中包括 2 6对常染色体和 1对性染色体 ,常染色体中有 3对为中着丝点染色体 ,2 3对为端着丝点染色体 ,X染色体为最大的近端着丝点染色体 ,Y染色体为最小的亚中着丝点染色体 相似文献
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本文报道了分布于我国云南中部的中国雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)的染色体组型、G-带及高分辨G-带带型。染色体数目2n=82。性染色体雄性为ZZ、雌性为ZW。40对常染色体中,1号为近中着丝粒染色体,5号为近端着丝粒染色体,其余皆为端部着丝粒染色体;性染色体Z为中着丝粒染色体,W为近端着丝粒染色体。全部染色体进行测量分析,计算相对长度和双臂染色体着丝粒指数。根据相对长度和着丝粒指数,绘制了染色体组模式图。制作了1—20号常染色体和性染色体Z的中期G-带以及全部染色体的高分辨G-带,并进行了两种G-带带型特征的描述和比较,绘制了两种G-带比较模式图。 相似文献
9.
Parisi M Nuttall R Naiman D Bouffard G Malley J Andrews J Eastman S Oliver B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5607):697-700
Sex chromosomes are primary determinants of sexual dimorphism in many organisms. These chromosomes are thought to arise via the divergence of an ancestral autosome pair and are almost certainly influenced by differing selection in males and females. Exploring how sex chromosomes differ from autosomes is highly amenable to genomic analysis. We examined global gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and report a dramatic underrepresentation of X-chromosome genes showing high relative expression in males. Using comparative genomics, we find that these same X-chromosome genes are exceptionally poorly conserved in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. These data indicate that the X chromosome is a disfavored location for genes selectively expressed in males. 相似文献
10.
青山羊染色体G—带型研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文采用外周血淋巴细胞培养技术,分析了青山羊染色体核型和 G—带带型,结果是:青山羊二倍体染色体2n=60,常染色体全部为端着丝粒染色体,X 染色体为第三号,是端着丝粒染色体,Y 染色体最小,是中部着丝粒染色体,用胰酶吉姆萨带显示青山羊 G—带型,并绘制了青山羊中期染色体 G—带模式图。 相似文献
11.
Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias. 相似文献
12.
采用外周血液淋巴细胞培养法制备大额牛与云南黄牛杂交公牛的染色体标本,对大额牛与云南黄牛杂交公牛的染色体核型和G-带带型进行研究。结果表明,大额牛与云南黄牛杂交公牛染色体数目2n=59,其中2×28+1条常染色体中,t即2+28染色体为近中着丝粒染色体,其余2×27+1+1条均为端着丝粒染色体;1对性染色体中,X为近中着丝粒染色体,Y为一条小的端着丝粒染色体。大额牛与云南黄牛杂交公牛染色体数目2n=59,核型为:59,-2,-28,+t(2∶28),XY。 相似文献
13.
海门白山羊染色体核型研究及C-带分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术,分析了海门白山羊的染色体核型与C-带。结果表明,海门白山羊二倍体染色体数为2n=60,常染色体和X染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,X染色体的大小介于1号和2号染色体之间,Y染色体最小,为中部着丝粒染色体,公羊核型为60,XY,母羊为60,XX。大部分常染色体和X,Y染色体着丝粒部位显示阳性C-带,但不同染色体的阳性C-带区域大小不同。 相似文献
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对秦川牛、岭南牛、西镇牛的染色体进行了 G带研究 ,结果表明 ,这 3个黄牛品种除 Y染色体以外的所有染色体对 ,其 G带带型基本一致。每对染色体都有其独有的带纹特征 ,可用于识别牛的每条染色体。Y染色体有中部 (或亚中部 )和近端着丝粒染色体。根据 3个黄牛品种 G带带型的共同特点 ,对其染色体带型进行了描述、分区和命名 ,并绘制了牛 86个区 354条带的 G带模式图 相似文献
16.
Demars R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,141(3581):649-650
Polyploid human cells in culture often have paired sex chromatin masses. They are neither chance juxtapositions of randomly distributed X chromosomes nor manifestations of a propensity for pairing. The pairs are characteristic of the first polyploid interphase. They are thought to reflect the persistent differentiation of X chromosomes, as proposed in the Lyon hypothesis. 相似文献
17.
用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法研究了成都麻羊(Capra hircus)染色体的形态和数目,并进行G—带,C—带显带分析。结果是,正常麻羊染色体数目2n=60,29对常染色体皆为具近端着丝点染色体;公羊性染色体为XY,母羊为XX,其中Y染色体是染色体组中最小的,唯一具中间着丝点的染色体,X染色体是第三长的染色体。显带分析表明,每两条同源染色体具有相同的特定G—带带型,可与其它对染色体相区别,常染色体的着丝点区域G—带为浅染,性染色体则为深染。常染色的C—带位于端着丝点区域,X染色体则没有明显的C—带区。本文还对山羊,绵羊染色体组型进化的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
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19.
双峰驼染色体组型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我们采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法对双峰驼的染色体进行了分析。结果初步证实染色体数为2n=74,常染色体36对,臂数NF=132;性染色体一对,组成为xx/xy型。36对常染色体中有15对为亚端着丝点,9对为亚中着丝点,6对端部着丝点和6对中部着丝点。x染色体为中部着丝点,y染色体为端部着丝点。 相似文献
20.
作者应用常规的外周血培养法对苏大白、杜洛克、甘肃白猪及甘肃黑猪的染色体组型进行了研究。结果表明:它们的染色体数目均为19对(2n=38)。其中18对常染色体的形态差异在这四个品种间不太明显;X染色体差异较为明显,Y染色体的形态近乎一致。在第10对染色体的短臂近着丝点处均有次缢痕,杜洛克和甘肃白猪的第6对上也可见次缢痕的存在。这些染色体的多态性是否属于品种的特有属性尚有待于进一步探讨。 相似文献