共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
冀西山区不同玉米品种苗期光合特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在冀西山区旱作玉米区选取6个品种研究玉米苗期的光合特性,分别测定了叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、光强-光合响应曲线(Pn-PAR)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和作物水分利用率(WUE)等指标,结果表明,不同品种苗期叶片叶绿素含量分为2组,叶绿素含量较高的品种为邢抗2号、承玉5号、泰玉2号、鲁单981,含量较低的品种为浚单20、郑单958。其中,组内品种叶绿素含量差异不显著,组间品种叶绿素含量差异达显著水平。在(2 526±23)μmol的自然光范围内,承玉5号的Pn分别比浚单20和郑单958高8.5%和8.4%,但不同品种间Pn差异不显著。不同品种的Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE随光量子通量密度(PPFD)的增加呈交错递增趋势,彼此间呈正相关关系。不同品种的Ci随PPFD的增加呈交错下降趋势。当PPFD为2 317μmol/(m.2s)时,各品种的Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci和WUE的排列顺序不完全一致。 相似文献
2.
密植条件下玉米品种混播对夏玉米光合性能及产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
探究密植条件下玉米品种混播对夏玉米光合性能及产量的影响。在82 500株 hm -2种植密度下, 选用郑单958 (ZD958)和登海605 (DH605), 在大田条件下设置M(两种子相同数量混合后随机混播)、1行郑单958和1行登海605混播(1:1)、2行郑单958和2行登海605混播(2:2)、单播郑单958 (SZD958)和单播登海605 (SDH605) 5个水平, 研究密植条件下玉米品种混播对黄淮海夏玉米产量、群体干物质积累量、净光合速率、叶片衰老酶活性、冠层透光率等的影响。两年结果表明, ZD958和DH605混播可显著改善玉米生育后期群体透光率, 使叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和穂位叶净光合速率较单播显著增加, 干物质积累量显著增加。混播处理较单播增加生育后期超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白含量, 与此同时, 丙二醛(MDA)含量降低。混播显著增加玉米群体产量, 究其原因是穗粒数和千粒重的有效增加。M、1:1、2:2处理的两年平均产量较SZD958和SDH605分别增加11.47%、8.70%、8.48%和9.30%、6.42%、6.20%, 其中M、1:1、2:2处理间没有显著差异。混播处理通过优化冠层结构, 改善群体通风透光条件, 延缓叶片衰老, 减缓花后叶面积指数和叶绿素含量降低, 保持较高的净光合速率, 致使群体干物质积累量增加, 产量提高。可见, 合理品种搭配的混播栽培可显著提高密植夏玉米产量, 是提高黄淮海区夏玉米产量的可选途径之一。 相似文献
3.
为了探讨不同光照条件对夏玉米籽粒胚乳细胞增殖及产量的影响,2012—2014年于山东农业大学试验农场进行了大田试验,选玉米品种郑单958和登海605为试验材料,设置大田自然光照(CK)、开花至收获期遮阴(S1)、拔节至开花期遮阴(S2)、出苗至收获期遮阴(S3)和开花至收获期增光(L)5个处理,研究其对夏玉米籽粒胚乳细胞增殖、籽粒灌浆、淀粉含量、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,遮阴后籽粒胚乳细胞增殖速率、细胞数目和淀粉积累量降低,细胞充实度下降,粒重显著降低,且S3对其影响最大,S1次之,S2影响相对较小。郑单958和登海605两个品种S1、S2和S3成熟期的胚乳细胞数目较CK分别降低33%、6%、29%和41%、5%、29%,DH605 L处理显著提高了胚乳细胞增殖速率、胚乳细胞数目及淀粉含量,细胞充实度和粒重显著上升。遮阴导致籽粒灌浆速率减缓,灌浆高峰期推迟,2个品种S1、S2和S3的最大灌浆速率较CK分别降低34%、13%、58%和38%、13%、64%,登海605L处理提高了籽粒灌浆速率,籽粒灌浆高峰期提前出现。2个品种S1、S2和S3较CK分别减产58%、26%、81%和67%、27%、81%,登海605 L处理增产9%。即遮阴降低了籽粒胚乳细胞数目、淀粉含量和灌浆速率,进而影响产量,花粒期充足的光照则有助于籽粒胚乳细胞增殖和产量提高。 相似文献
4.
干旱胁迫对玉米品种苗期叶片光合特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
维持较高的光合作用对于作物适应干旱逆境意义重大,光合电子传递和气孔行为是作物光合机构的重要组成部分,而玉米上有关它们之间的组合响应干旱胁迫研究报道较少。本文将2个主推玉米品种陕单609和郑单958生长在自然光和4个干旱胁迫下的干旱棚内,对其叶片的光系统II(PSII)的电子传递功能和气孔导度进行了研究。结果显示,中度和重度干旱胁迫下2个品种叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)显著下降,而伴随着胞间CO2浓度(Ci)上升,显示光合速率下降是非气孔因素所致。JIP-test分析发现干旱胁迫下2个品种叶绿素荧光诱导动力曲线(OJIP)中出现了K-band,说明光系统II(PSII)放氧复合体(OEC)受到抑制和PSII供体侧与受体侧电子传递不平衡;同时干旱胁迫下反映从PSII供体侧到PSI末端受体电子流的荧光参数显著改变,损伤了光系统II和I之间光合电子传递链,限制CO2同化。品种间光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应存在差异,重度干旱对郑单958叶片光合机构的影响比对品种陕单609大。以上结果表明,中度和重度干旱下玉米品种叶片Pn下降归属于光化学活性的衰退;陕单609光合机构的耐旱性强于郑单958。 相似文献
5.
以郑单958为材料,采用田间随机区组试验设计,研究了叶面喷施不同浓度5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)叶面肥对制种玉米光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:ALA叶面肥可以提高玉米叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和产量,降低叶片胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)。其中喷施1500倍ALA液效果最佳,与对照相比,叶绿素含量提高27.61%,净光合速率(Pn)提高31.87%,增产11.62%。因此,ALA叶面肥在玉米制种田中的最佳喷施浓度为1500倍液。 相似文献
6.
淹水胁迫对耐淹和不耐淹油菜光合参数影响差异的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农学通报》2019,(7)
为研究淹水逆境下耐淹与不耐淹油菜光合参数的反应差异,选取9份耐淹和7份不耐淹材料,于五叶期进行淹水处理,并分别于淹水前和淹水4、8、12、16天测定叶片光合参数。结果表明,淹水后,耐淹与不耐淹材料净光合速率(Pn)升高,淹水4天达最大值,然后下降。淹水16天,不耐淹材料Pn下降幅度(32.4%)高于耐淹材料(16.0%)。耐淹材料蒸腾速率(Tr)随淹水后上升,淹水16天达到最大值[(4.30±1.23) mmol/(m~2·s)];不耐淹材料Tr值淹水12天最高[(4.35±0.87) mmol/(m~2·s)],然后下降。同样,耐淹材料气孔导度(Gs)随淹水后上升,淹水16天达最大值[(0.56±0.13) mol/(m~2·s)];而不耐淹材料Gs淹水后呈先升后降趋势,淹水12天升至峰值[(0.61±0.11) mol/(m~2·s)],然后下降。耐淹和不耐淹材料胞间CO2浓度(Ci)值均先升后降,淹水12天达最大值,随后下降。淹水后,耐淹与不耐淹品种(系)的水分利用效率(WUE)均呈下降趋势,但淹水16天与淹水前相比,耐淹材料WUE的下降幅度(35.2%)显著低于不耐淹材料的下降幅度(56.5%)。综上,淹水逆境下,耐淹油菜比不耐淹油菜叶片光合生理调节能力更强,能有效减缓淹水胁迫对植株的伤害。 相似文献
7.
干旱胁迫对西洋参叶片光合日变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用盆栽试验研究了正常供水(土壤含水量为最大持水量的85%)和干旱胁迫(土壤含水量为最大持水量的45%)条件下3年生西洋参叶片的光合日变化。结果表明,(1)干旱胁迫导致净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)下降,分别比对照下降43.4%、17.4%、24.3%和25.7%。(2)开花期西洋参叶片Pn、Gs、Tr的日变化均表现为单峰型曲线。在干旱胁迫下,Pn、Gs和Tr均出现较大的日下降变化。(3)在干旱胁迫下胞间CO2浓度(Ci)升高,这说明在干旱胁迫下虽然Pn和Gs都呈下降趋势,但光合日下降以及胁迫导致的光合降低主要是由非气孔因素引起的。 相似文献
8.
本研究旨在探讨冬小麦–夏玉米周年生产条件下黄淮海区夏玉米的适宜熟期与积温需求特性。选用郑单958(ZD958)、先玉335(XY335)、登海605(DH605)、登海618(DH618)和登海661(DH661),设置5月21日、5月31日、6月10日和6月20日4个播期,研究表明,播期对夏玉米生理成熟所需积温无显著影响,各品种生理成熟所需要的积温主要取决于品种自身的特性,DH618、XY335、ZD958、DH605、DH661的生育期和生理成熟所需要积温分别为110、112、116、116、121 d和2800、2880、2945、2950、3025°C d。冬小麦-夏玉米周年生产条件下,夏玉米最大可能的生长期约107~112 d(自6月15日至10月1~5日),积温约2800°C d,难以满足现有品种的生产需要。夏玉米直播晚收、冬小麦适期晚播有利于周年产量提高,但目前广泛推广的夏玉米品种生育期过长(约120 d),适时晚收仍难以完全生理成熟,机收籽粒损伤严重。可见,冬小麦–夏玉米周年生产条件下夏玉米最大可能的生长期和有效积温不能满足目前广泛推广的夏玉米品种所需生育持续期和积温,且适时晚收仍难以完全生理成熟,黄淮海区亟需生育期适宜(生育期≤107 d)的高产夏玉米新品种。 相似文献
9.
胶东地区夏玉米适宜品种的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用山东生产上大面积推广的12个夏玉米品种,通过田间种植试验,对生育期、抗病性、植株性状、果穗和产量性状进行比较鉴定,以筛选适合胶东地区种植的夏玉米品种.结果表明,供试品种中,抗倒伏品种有金海5号、青农11、菏玉157、登海605,高抗病品种有登海605、登海3622、金海5号、青农11,产量居前3位的品种为登海605、郑单958、隆平206.综合各鉴定性状,最适宜在胶东地区种植的夏玉米品种是登海605. 相似文献
10.
玉米密植群体下部叶片衰老对植株碳氮分配与产量形成的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
玉米密植会造成花后下部叶片早衰, 为探明其对植株根系性能、碳氮积累分配及产量形成的影响, 采用大田与土柱栽培相结合的方式, 以登海661和郑单958为试材, 分析了密植条件下两品种花后碳氮分配、根系性能和植株干物质积累量的变化。两年结果表明, 玉米密植群体下部叶片早衰导致两品种花后穗位叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著降低, 向根系转运的光合产物数量显著减少, 成熟期(R6)的根系生物量、根长密度和根系表面积较CK显著减少。根系性能的下降导致花后氮素吸收量显著降低, 叶片光合速率降低、整株叶片衰老进程加快, 单株籽粒产量显著下降, 登海661较CK低7.61%, 郑单958较CK低8.35%。郑单958的花后叶片衰老要早于登海661, 且叶面积和净光合速率比登海661低, 导致花后干物质积累量和产量较登海661显著降低。可见玉米密植群体花后下部叶片衰老加速了根系衰老, 降低了氮素吸收量, 影响整株绿叶面积和光合持续期, 最终导致花后干物质积累量和籽粒产量降低。 相似文献
11.
Exogenous 6‐benzyladenine improves antioxidative system and carbon metabolism of summer maize waterlogged in the field 
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下载免费PDF全文 A field experiment was performed to study the effects of spraying exogenous 6‐benzyladenine (6‐BA) after waterlogging for 6 days at the third leaf stage and the sixth leaf stage on the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism, leaf gas exchange parameters, fluorescent characteristic, antioxidant enzymes activities and MDA content of summer maize hybrids Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958), in order to illuminate the regulations of exogenous spraying 6‐BA to antioxidative system and carbon metabolism of waterlogged summer maize. Results showed that exogenous application of 6‐BA effectively alleviated the adverse effects of waterlogging on carbon metabolism by improving photosynthetic characteristics and the activities of RuBPCase (in the range of 48%–81%) and PEPCase (in the range of 14%–46%). Treatments with spraying exogenous 6‐BA resulted in significant and substantial increases in net photosynthetic rate (around 49%) and ΦPSII (around 16%) compared to those of waterlogging treatments. In addition, spraying 6‐BA effectively alleviated waterlogging damages on antioxidative enzyme activity and decreased MDA content, delaying leaf senescence, resulted in significant and substantial (around 19%) increases in grain yield. Visibly, spraying exogenous 6‐BA effectively alleviated waterlogging damages on antioxidative system and carbon metabolism of summer maize, resulting in yield increase in waterlogged maize. 相似文献
12.
Effects of Duration of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Grain Growth of Summer Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Field Conditions 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A field experiment was performed to study the effects of waterlogging for different durations (3 and 6 days) on grain filling and endosperm cell proliferation of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958) at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6) and the 10th day after the tasselling stage (10VT). Results showed that waterlogging damages on grain filling and endosperm cell proliferation varied with growth stage and duration of waterlogging. The most significant effect of waterlogging was observed at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT. Endosperm cell content, average endosperm cell proliferation rate, grain weight and grain‐filling rate were reduced significantly with increasing waterlogging durations, with the most significant (P < 0.05) reduction in V3‐6 with a decrease of 37.1 %, 51.9 %, 13.6 % and 12.1 % for DH605, and 27.3 %, 51.1 %, 17.4 % and 14.3 % for ZD958, respectively. Waterlogging damages on grain filling and endosperm cell proliferation resulted in a significant reduction in grain yield. Waterlogging at V3 had the most yield reduction, followed by V6 and 10VT. Yield reduction after waterlogging for 6 days at different stage was about twice as much as that after waterlogging for 3 days. Clearly, the most significant inhibition of grain growth for waterlogging was observed at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT. The inhibition was enhanced significantly with increasing waterlogging durations. Endosperm cell number and grain weight was decreased by 8.3–24.1 % and 1.2–10.8 % after waterlogging for 3 days, while decreased by 12.9–32.2 % and 4.6–14.7 % after waterlogging for 6 days, compared to CK. 相似文献
13.
Responses of carbon metabolism and antioxidant system of summer maize to waterlogging at different stages 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A field experiment was performed to explore responses of carbon metabolism, antioxidant system and endogenous hormone content of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958) to waterlogging at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6) and the 10th day after the tasselling stage (10VT). Results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased the contents of zeatin riboside (ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), compared to those of CK. However, leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content was significantly increased by waterlogging at different stages, with the most significant increase was found in the treatment of waterlogging at V3 (V3‐W), with an increase of 30% and 29% for DH605 and ZD958, respectively. Waterlogging significantly decreased antioxidative enzyme activities, accelerating leaf senescence, resulted in the disorder of leaf gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In addition, waterlogging decreased key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), with the most significant reduction in V3‐W, with a decrease of 46% and 49% for DH605, and 53% and 55% for ZD958, respectively. Visibly, waterlogging disturbed carbon metabolism, affected plant endogenous hormone content, accelerated leaf senescence and eventually resulted in a significant reduction in photosynthetic characteristic and grain yield. V3 was most susceptible to waterlogging, followed by V6 and 10VT. 相似文献
14.
大田遮阴对夏玉米光合特性和叶黄素循环的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以郑单958和振杰2号为试验材料,大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴(S1)、穗期遮阴(S2)、全生育期遮阴(S3) 3个处理,遮光度为60%,以自然光照为对照,研究遮阴对夏玉米光合特性和叶黄素循环的影响。结果表明,遮阴后夏玉米产量显著降低,且遮阴时期对产量的影响表现为S3>S1>S2,郑单958和振杰2号的S3分别减产96.87%和90.78%。遮阴后叶片的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿体色素含量显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)较同期对照先降低后升高,即叶片光合作用的降低受到气孔与非气孔因素双重影响,2个供试品种变化一致。遮阴期间光合电子传递量子效率(ФPSII)降低,原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)显著升高,叶黄素循环库(A+Z+V)和脱环化状态(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)升高,即在长期遮阴条件下叶片捕获的光能分配发生了变化,光合电子传递的能量占吸收光能的比例降低,叶黄素循环的启动辅助过剩光能的热耗散。遮阴结束初期(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)和NPQ迅速升高,说明光恢复初期叶片对弱光适应后的自然光照比较敏感,叶黄素循环增强抑制强光对光合机构的破坏。 相似文献
15.
Baizhao Ren Juan Hu Jiwang Zhang Shuting Dong Peng Liu Bin Zhao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(6):616-624
6‐Benzyladenine (6‐BA, a synthetic cytokinin) could improve the ability to resist adversity. However, very little attention has been given to its role in alleviating waterlogging damages on grain growth. A field experiment was performed to investigate effects of exogenous 6‐BA after waterlogging for 6 days at the third leaf stage (V3‐WL + 6‐BA) or the sixth leaf stage (V6‐WL + 6‐BA) on grain filling, and endogenous hormone of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958), which were planted popularly in China. Exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain filling by improving grain weight and volume, which was beneficial to yield increase. Grain yield of DH605 under V3‐WL + 6‐BA and V6‐WL + 6‐BA increased by 16% and 12%, respectively, compared with that of V3‐WL (waterlogging at the third leaf stage) and V6‐WL (waterlogging at the sixth leaf stage), while the corresponding values for ZD958 increased by 20% and 15%, respectively. Moreover, exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain endogenous hormone content by increasing levels of endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin riboside, and gibberellic acid, and decreasing level of abscisic acid in grain of waterlogged summer maize during grain‐filling periods. Clearly, exogenous 6‐BA improved grain‐filling characteristics, and endogenous hormone, resulting in a significant yield increase of waterlogged summer maize. 相似文献
16.
在植株不同水平距离处垂直断根对夏玉米产量形成和籽粒库容特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以高产夏玉米品种郑单958(浅根型,ZD)和登海661(深根型,DH)为材料,于大喇叭口期(V12)分别在距离植株两侧10 cm、20 cm、30 cm处垂直断根,断根深度60 cm,以不断根处理为对照,共设计8个处理(ZDCK、ZD10、ZD20、ZD30;DHCK、DH10、DH20、DH30),研究了玉米植株两侧不同水平距离处根系对夏玉米籽粒灌浆及产量形成的调控作用。结果表明,ZD10、ZD20与DH10、DH20分别切断24.81%、11.69%与16.82%、7.52%的根系;ZD30与DH30各指标与CK间无显著差异,ZD10、ZD20产量分别下降13.09%、9.10%,显著大于DH10、DH20的产量降幅(9.81%、4.64%),其产量下降原因主要是断根后两品种的穗粒数与千粒重降低,其中ZD20、ZD10穗粒数与千粒重较ZDCK分别下降4.90%、5.60%和4.37%、7.88%,DH20、DH10穗粒数与千粒重较DHCK分别下降3.38%、5.15%和1.15%、4.97%;断根后两品种实际库容与结实率均有不同程度下降;到达最大灌浆速率时的天数(T_(max))、灌浆速率最大时的生长量(W_(max))、最大灌浆速率(G_(max))、籽粒灌浆活跃期(P)、灌浆速率也均下降,断根处理对浅根型品种郑单958的影响更为显著。 相似文献
17.
不同熟期夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性及其密度效应 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究不同熟期夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性及种植密度的调控作用, 以期为黄淮海地区夏玉米籽粒机收提供科学依据。2016—2017年在山东农业大学玉米科技创新园, 种植早熟玉米品种登海518 (DH518)、衡早8号(HZ8)和中晚熟玉米品种郑单958 (ZD958)、登海605 (DH605), 设60 000、75 000、90 000株 hm -23个种植密度。结果表明, 早熟品种DH518、HZ8较中晚熟品种ZD958、DH605灌浆期短, 产量低。4个品种生理成熟时的籽粒含水率与其生育期相关性不显著, 早熟品种籽粒后期脱水速率快, DH518和HZ8从籽粒达最大含水量到生理成熟的脱水速率均值较ZD958和DH605两年分别高0.015% °C -1和0.014% °C -1。相关性分析显示, 籽粒脱水速率与灌浆速率相关性不显著, 生育后期籽粒含水率与茎鞘、叶片含水率呈显著正相关, 与苞叶、穗轴含水率呈极显著正相关。随种植密度的增加, 不同品种籽粒灌浆期缩短, 平均灌浆速率降低, 籽粒生理成熟时的含水率降低。合理增加种植密度能够显著提高不同熟期夏玉米品种的产量。 相似文献
18.
Grain yield and root characteristics of summer maize (Zea mays L.) under shade stress conditions 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Low light is a major adversity affecting yield and quality of summer maize in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region of China. We conducted a field experiment to explore the effects of shading on root development and yield formation in two summer maize hybrids (Zea mays L.), Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958). The experiment consisted of four treatments (CK: ambient sunlight, S1: shading from tasselling to physiological maturity stage, S2: shading from six‐leaf to tasselling stage, S3: shading from seeding to physiological maturity stage). Shading had a strong impact on the development of roots in the upper soil layer. Shading significantly decreased the root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, root length density, root absorption area and active absorption area. The results showed that treatments in a diminishing sequence of effects on root from S3, S1, S2 to CK. Overall, shading decreased the root morphologic and activity indices, and decreased yield in summer maize. During an average of 2 years, yields of ZD958 in S3, S2 and S1 decreased by 85%, 24% and 55%, yields of DH605 in S3, S2 and S1 decreased by 87%, 26% and 67%, in compare to CK. The results will be useful for hybrid selection and improving cultural practices for enhancing the maize shading resistance in Huang‐Huai‐Hai region. 相似文献