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１０１１份大豆品种资源对根腐病抗性鉴定结果，在自然条件下初筛鉴定病情指数在２０％以下的有１５１份，占１４．９４％；对１５１份进一步进行人工接种鉴定，病情指数在１５％以下的抗病材料２９份，占１９．２１％ 相似文献
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１９８６～１９９０年对河南省高粱品种资源（１０４６份）生物学特性的研究结果表明，苗期抗冷１级品种２９个；苗期抗旱１级品种１６个；苗期和芽期均耐盐的品种８个；发病率在１２％以下抗丝黑穗病品种８个；抗螟１级品种９个；耐瘠１级品种８０个。品质分析结果：蛋白蛋含量１４％以上的品种７个；赖氨酸占蛋白含量２．６％以上品种１４个，赖氨酸占样品含量０．３％以上品种２２个，其中赖氨酸占蛋白、占样品均高的品种５个；单宁含量低于０．１％的品种１９个；具２个和２个以上优异性状的种质１２个，其中具３个以上优异性状的高粱种质２个，这些高粱品种资源是最宝贵的种质材料。实践证明，利用生物措施是稳定提高农业生产的有效措施。目前河南省推广面积较大的高粱品种多是抗性中上等，丰产性、品质较好的品种。 相似文献
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１９９２～１９９５年用室内保湿法对１５００份小麦材料进行穗发芽抗性鉴定，从小麦穗上发芽与收获后的种子发芽的比较把小麦收获前穗发芽分为低、中、高３种敏感型；白粒品种穗发芽抗性低于红粒品种；数量遗传分析表明，小麦穗发芽率的广义遗传力高于６０％。 相似文献
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１９８７～１９９２年在油菜菌核病的重病区（思南塘头）对近４００份甘蓝型油菜品种进行了田间自然抗病性的重复鉴定，从中鉴定出相对抗病的有７份，中抗的５１份。并于油菜的苗后期和角果发育期选取不同抗病程度的代表品种３５份进行了离体叶片和活体叶片的室内人工接种鉴定。３种方法的鉴定结果吻合率达９７．１％，在这３５份材料中，抗病的有４份，占１１．４％。 相似文献
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粒用高粱耐盐种质资源的鉴选与综合评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
旨在为高粱耐盐种质资源的开发利用及耐盐新种质的创新提供一定的理论依据。选用20 份高粱种质作为试验材料,采用150 mmol/L NaCl 溶液进行处理,置于人工气候培养室,测定发芽率、发芽势等相关指标;将20 份材料置于25℃恒温培养箱中进行催芽,用150 mmol/L NaCl 溶液浇灌,以等量的浇水为对照,调查并比较幼苗成活率、生长速率及枯萎指数。采用隶属函数进行相关性分析,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,在150 mmol/L盐胁迫下,‘3438’、‘航天育种SP42’、‘09305R’、‘3560R’品种的发芽率高于对照,其他指标均小于对照。20 份材料中,在芽期鉴选出耐盐材料4 份,苗期筛选出3 份;相关性大小顺序为相对芽长＞相对根长＞相对植株鲜重＞发芽势;20 份材料分成高度耐盐型、耐盐型、中等耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型品种5 类。确定150 mmol/L NaCl选定为高粱品种萌发期耐盐性鉴定的标准盐浓度,确定发芽率、发芽势、根长、叶长、植株鲜重可用于高粱耐盐性的鉴定指标。 相似文献
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旨在为高粱耐盐种质资源的开发利用及耐盐新种质的创新提供一定的理论依据。选用20份高粱种质作为试验材料,采用150 mmol/L Na Cl溶液进行处理,置于人工气候培养室,测定发芽率、发芽势等相关指标;将20份材料置于25℃恒温培养箱中进行催芽,用150 mmol/L Na Cl溶液浇灌,以等量的浇水为对照,调查并比较幼苗成活率、生长速率及枯萎指数。采用隶属函数进行相关性分析,并进行聚类分析。结果表明,在150 mmol/L盐胁迫下,‘3438’、‘航天育种SP42’、‘09305R’、‘3560R’品种的发芽率高于对照,其他指标均小于对照。20份材料中,在芽期鉴选出耐盐材料4份,苗期筛选出3份;相关性大小顺序为相对芽长相对根长相对植株鲜重发芽势;20份材料分成高度耐盐型、耐盐型、中等耐盐型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型品种5类。确定150 mmol/L Na Cl选定为高粱品种萌发期耐盐性鉴定的标准盐浓度,确定发芽率、发芽势、根长、叶长、植株鲜重可用于高粱耐盐性的鉴定指标。 相似文献
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“六五”期间我国高粱品种资源的研究已从收集整理和农艺性状鉴定开始转向以特性鉴定为主的新阶段。我国拥有高粱地方品种约万余份,占世界现保存高粱种质总数的三分之一以上。已进行的14692项次特性鉴定,划分了抗性等级,筛选出部分抗早、耐瘠材料。对营养品质及综合利用特性也做了初步鉴定。“六五”期间外引高粱资源7—8千份。除直接利用新引不育系发展了杂交高粱的生产外。还在外引资源中发现了一些抗高粱蚜,抗丝黑穗病的材料。 相似文献
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1986-1989年采用自然鉴定和人工土壤接种鉴定的方法，对602份玉米材料的青枯病抗性进行了鉴定。人工接种鉴定397份，其中204份材料表现抗病。在正常年份，人工接种鉴定效果明显好于自然鉴定，但在重病区或青枯病流行年份，在尚未具备人工接种条件时，利用自然发病作为选育抗病材料仍有一定效果。玉米苗期接种青枯病重于成株期 相似文献
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非洲的长雄蕊野生稻(Oryza longistaminata)具有多年生、抗病、抗虫、耐寒、耐旱等优良特性,可用于栽培稻的遗传改良。但其感光性强,长日照下不抽穗。为了在分子标记辅助育种过程中排除不需要的强感光性,须先找到长雄蕊野生稻中控制感光性的QTL。感光性是指水稻受日照长短的影响而改变其抽穗期的特性。抽穗期作为水稻重要的农艺性状,与产量有着密切的联系。本研究以长雄蕊野生稻(Oryza longistaminata)为父本,栽培稻巴利拉(Balilla)为母本杂交构建的F2群体为研究材料。对F2群体的抽穗期性状进行QTL定位分析,共得到6个控制水稻抽穗期的QTL,这些QTL分别位于第2号、第4号、第8号和第9号染色体上。在两年长日照下的F2群体中都检测到第8号染色体上的qDTH-8-1位点,但短日照下未检测到该位点,说明其跟感光性相关。qDTH-8-1是一个主效位点,对抽穗期表型贡献率最大,其中包含已被克隆的DTH8/GHD8基因。此外,我们还检测到另外4个已被定位但未被克隆的位点qDTH-4-1、qDTH-8-2、qDTH-9-1和q DTH-9-2,他们在本群体中的效应不大。结果表明,长雄蕊野生稻的感光性主要由qDTH-8-1控制,育种后代中要注意检测该位点的基因型。通过检测长雄蕊野生稻中的抽穗期QTL并进一步克隆到基因,这有助于深入了解野生稻强感光性的遗传机理,为水稻品种改良提供基因资源。 相似文献
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Race-specificity of temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in Triticum dicoccoides 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Twenty-four entries of wild emmer possessing temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to yellow rust were studied in the seedling stage, at two temperature-profiles, with 15 pathogenic races from 11 countries in South America, Africa, Asia and Europe. It was shown that the majority of the resistance genes in these wild emmer entries were race-specific. In most of these entries a more resistant reaction was displayed at the higher temperature-profile; however in three entries a shift in reaction towards resistance was observed with certain races but towards susceptibility with some of the other races, suggesting that two different kinds of temperature-sensitive genes were involved in each of these entries. The similarity of temperature-sensitive genes occurring in wild emmer and in cultivated wheat is discussed. 相似文献
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Summary In small plots, adjacent to one another, a representational error can be expected when screening for quantitative forms of resistance to airborne pathogens. The representational error or interplot interference may occur as an underestimation of the level of resistance and/or as an error in the ranking of the entries tested.Four experiments were carried out with wheat (Triticum aestivum) exposed to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis), three in Kenya, one in Mexico (exp. III).In experiment I 57 entries were compared in an unreplicated trial with three adjacent and one isolated plot situation. The range in the standard deviation of and the ranking order for disease severity (DS) between the 57 entries were the same for all plot situations at all observation dates.In experiment II nine entries from experiment I, representing a wide range of quantitative resistance and having a similar heading date, were compared in adjacent plots consisting of two rows of 10 m in eight replicates and isolated plots of one, six and ten rows of 4 m in three replicates. The range in the standard deviation of and the ranking order for DS between the entries were very similar for the four plot situations.The 10 entries in experiment III differed from those in experiment II, but represented a similar wide range of resistance. Three adjacent plot situations of 0.9×0.5 m, 0.9×2.0 m and 2.7×2.0 m, respectively, were compared with one isolated one with plots of 2.7×2.0 m. The ranking order was not affected, the range in and the standard deviation of the DS in the isolated plots were slightly larger than in the adjacent plots.In experiment IV two mixtures of two entries each were made. Per mixture one entry was fairly resistant (R) the other rather susceptible (S). Within each mixture the entries had a similar heading date. The ratios of the R:S mixtures were 0:100, 50:50, 67:33, 75:25, 82:18 and 100:0. The DS of each entry was the same as its DS in monoculture irrespective of the mixture ratio. There was no mixture effect on DS.The three experiments in Kenya gave no indication of any interplot interference occurring. In Mexico there was a very slight underestimation of the resistance in adjacent plots. The ranking order was always the same irrespective of the test plot situation. The screening of wheat for yellow rust resistance in small adjacent plots is representative for the farmers fields. This is contrary to what has been found in other windborne pathosystems such as barley-barley leaf rust (strong under estimation of resistance), barley-powdery mildew (some under estimation of resistance and different ranking order) and durum wheat-stem rust (fair under estimation of resistance). 相似文献
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红麻对短光钝感材料的发掘及其研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为解决我国长江、淮河流域红麻主产区春播能留种，大面积夏播不早花且纤维相对高产问题，在我国拥有的红麻育种材料中发现了１５份现蕾开花期对光长变化钝感的材料。纯感材料在短光下第一朵花节位在１９￣３７节之间，播种至始花在８０￣１０５天之间，变异丰富。其中１份材料在正常生长季节表现早熟，其余晚熟。敏感材料在短光下的始花节位在８￣１１节之间，始花时间比钝感材料提前２８￣５８天。经遗传分析，钝感对敏感表现为隐性 相似文献
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Summary The evaluation aimed at identifying landrace genotypes adapted to the rather unfavourable growing conditions of durum wheat in Sicily, to be used as parental material in a breeding programme. The trial was carried out in three seasons experiencing varying climatic conditions, and included 75 landraces, 25 of which were selected under severe drought in Syria. Wide differences were observed for most traits among genotypes and seasons of evaluation. Yields of the best performing entries identified in each season never significantly differed from that of the best check variety. The top-yielding landraces were consistently better than the remaining entries for the three yield components, viz. number of spikes per plant, number of kernels per spike and mean kernel weight. In the driest season they were also significantly earlier in heading, confirming the importance of earliness under drought. An analytical breeding approach relying on an array of morpho-physiological traits as selection criteria did not seem appropriate for the given environment, as the variable stress level enhanced the importance of specific traits under specific situations. The genotypic response was largely season-specific. Nonetheless, five landraces were in the best group in all seasons. The selection made in Syria also appeared somewhat effective in Sicily, particularly in the less favourable seasons. 相似文献
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种质资源狭窄和杂种优势单一,是制约我国玉米产业发展的重要因素之一。拓宽玉米种质基础,培育突破性育种新材料是选育优良玉米杂交种的基础与前提。热带、亚热带种质已经被证明具有较温带种质丰富的遗传多样性,其引入、改良和应用对丰富我国玉米种质多样性具有十分重要的意义。本研究以28份温热玉米自交系、4份Suwan群体来源自交系(QR 273、ZHL 908、T 32和QB 48)作母本,来自Iodent、Reid、PB、Lancaster和塘四平头类群的8个温带玉米自交系作父本的杂交后代为材料,2015年分别在河南郑州和河南华县对28份自交系和32个杂交组合进行农艺性状评价。结果显示,Suwan×Iodent杂交组合的株型、生育期、感光性等与温带地区杂交种相近;而Suwan自交系与其他类群自交系的杂交组合则表现出植株繁茂、抗倒性差、感光性强和生育期太晚等问题。利用Iodent种质早熟、马齿的特性能够有效改良Suwan种质生育期晚、光周期敏感的不足,获得较高的配合力。 相似文献
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A. F. Ibrahim A. N. Sharaan A. W. El Wakil 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(3):170-175
Two promising selected land races of safflower ( Carthamns tinctorious L.) designated as line 11 and line 13, together with the local variety Giza 1 , were examined under three levels of moisture depletions, i.e. 40, 60 and 80 % ASMD at Fayoum, Middle Egypt during 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons. In both growing seasons, the second irrigation treatment i.e. 60 % ASMD gave the highest means for growth characters as well as seed yield and most of its components. Seed oil content per cent exhibited an increased as soil moisture depletion increased with no significant difference between entries. Safflower entries showed clear differences in some yield components which compensate each other and resulted in no significant difference in seed yield per hectar.
Consumptive use of water by safflower plants increased as the available soil moisture around the root zone increased. No significant differences were found in water consumed by safflower entries used in all experiments.
In the two experimental seasons, the best water use efficiency (WUE) for seed production was obtained also from the second treatment (60 % ASMD). The line 11 gave the best WUE. 相似文献
Consumptive use of water by safflower plants increased as the available soil moisture around the root zone increased. No significant differences were found in water consumed by safflower entries used in all experiments.
In the two experimental seasons, the best water use efficiency (WUE) for seed production was obtained also from the second treatment (60 % ASMD). The line 11 gave the best WUE. 相似文献
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Summary More than 200 accessions of three wildLactuca species were screened in the laboratory for race-specific resistance toBremia lactucae. Only a fewLactuca entries showed resistance both as seedlings and in a leaf disc test. Accessions ofL. serriola andL. sativa had a low degree of resistance. The best entries were also compared under field conditions. TheL. saligna entries were totally free from disease in the field test. High resistance was also recorded in a fewL. serriola entries and in lettuce cultivars such as Saffier and Mariska. 相似文献
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遮光对杂交水稻组合生育后期光合特性和产量的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
对6个光敏感性不同的杂交稻组合在遮光处理条件下的光合特性及其对逆境的适应机理进行了研究。结果表明,在田间通过抽穗期遮光处理(80%遮光率) 15 d,及恢复自然光照15 d后,水稻的产量显著降低;水稻剑叶叶绿素含量增加,恢复生长15 d后,并未恢复到正常水平;弱光降低功能叶片的净光合速率,减少光合产物向籽粒的运输,增加MDA含量和叶面积指数,而SOD活性变化不一。杂交水稻适应弱光环境的能力是由自身因素决定的,组合之间存在很大差异。弱光胁迫下剑叶能保持较高的净光合速率、量子效率、叶绿素含量以及较低的MDA含量、SOD活性,是耐弱光水稻品种的生理基础。 相似文献