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1.
为了提高肌原纤维蛋白的功能,采用不同酶(胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶及复合酶)对鲢鱼肌原纤维蛋白进行限制性酶解改性,在酶解过程中,通过对水解度、蛋白分子量大小、肌原纤维形态学变化及功能性质进行测定与观察,探究其功能性质随改性程度的动态变化规律。结果表明,随着酶解的进行,鲢鱼肌原纤维长度逐渐变短,蛋白的溶解性逐渐增加,酶解80 min时,肌原纤维主要以1~3个肌节形式存在,3组蛋白质的溶解性分别达到61.2%、36.9%和58.4%;3组酶解蛋白的乳化性和起泡性随反应时间的增加均呈先增后减的趋势,其中复合蛋白酶酶解40 min时乳化活性及起泡性最大,分别达到65.5m2·g-1和110%,胰蛋白酶改性20min时蛋白乳化稳定性最好,可达46.6 min,远大于未酶解蛋白的14.7 min。分子量分布及SDS-PAGE图谱显示,蛋白平均分子量均为20~30 k Da,水解度均低于5%。综上,酶的选择对溶解性的改善至关重要,而乳化性及起泡性的改善不仅需要对酶进行筛选,还需对水解度进行严格限制,保持酶解后蛋白具有较大的分子量,避免酶解过度。本研究结果为蛋白质乳化性和起泡性的改性研究提供了参考。  相似文献   

2.
为了探讨微射流均质预处理对大豆分离蛋白酶解效率及酶解产物乳化性能的影响,该文研究比较了微射流均质预处理前后大豆分离蛋白酶解产物的理化性质(水解度、亚基组成、蛋白溶解性、表面疏水性和分子量分布)和乳化性能(通过测定分析样品乳状液的平均粒径和微观结构评估样品的乳化性能)的变化。研究表明:大豆分离蛋白经过微射流均质预处理后采用木瓜蛋白酶水解,其酶解产物(水解度为1.7%)与对照大豆分离蛋白和未经预处理的酶解产物相比,在较低浓度下(30 g/L)制备出粒径细小的稳定乳状液(体积平均粒径≈1.6μm)。微射流均质预处理提高了大豆分离蛋白中α-7S和A-11S亚基的酶解敏感性,使酶解产物在水解度1.3%~1.7%范围内蛋白溶解性显著增加(P0.05),同时保持较高的表面疏水性值,与未经预处理的酶解产物相比形成了更多具有界面活性的可溶性多肽(分子量主要分布在11.3 k Da左右),在乳化过程中可有效防止乳液滴间发生桥联絮凝。因此微射流均质预处理是一种辅助提高大豆蛋白酶解效率和酶解产物乳化性能行之有效的方法。研究结果可为大豆蛋白深加工蛋白乳化剂提供理论和方法参考。  相似文献   

3.
大豆蛋白限制性酶解模式与产品胶凝性的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了改善大豆蛋白的胶凝性,对大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白进行限制性酶解处理,并考察相应产品的蛋白酶酶解模式与胶凝性变化的相关性。该研究以蛋白质的水解度为指标,通过中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解作用,水解大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白至蛋白质水解度(DH)为1%、2%,考察酶性质、蛋白质的DH对产品胶凝性影响,并利用SDS-凝胶电泳进行确认。结果表明:大豆浓缩蛋白经中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性均显著下降;大豆分离蛋白经中性蛋白酶的酶解后,产品胶凝性在DH为1%时增加,但在DH为2%时下降;大豆分离蛋白经胰蛋白酶酶解后,胶凝性显著改善。SDS-凝胶电泳确认,蛋白质的酶水解模式和水解度不同是导致产品胶凝性产生不同变化的原因。  相似文献   

4.
为进一步合理开发利用三文鱼皮,本研究对碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶水解所制备三文鱼皮酶解物的抗氧化活性与功能特性进行了比较。结果表明,三文鱼皮碱性蛋白酶酶解物的水解度(20.18%)和三氯乙酸可溶性氮得率(40.14%)最高,小分子肽含量高达99.97%,其抗氧化活性显著优于其他组(P<0.05);且碱性蛋白酶酶解物的溶解性和持水性最高,分别为87.21%和26.92%;中性蛋白酶酶解物的持油性和乳化性能最强,分别为4.67%和14.69%;而风味蛋白酶酶解物的乳化稳定性显著优于其他组(P<0.05)。综上所述,碱性蛋白酶为制备三文鱼皮蛋白抗氧化肽的最优蛋白酶。本研究为三文鱼皮副产物的高值化利用提供了数据支持和理论基础。  相似文献   

5.
超高压下酶解处理对甘薯蛋白乳化特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为研究在超高压下酶解处理后甘薯蛋白酶解产物乳化特性的变化,选用蛋白酶K(Proreinase.K)、碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)、中性蛋白酶AS1.398、中性蛋白酶Neutrase和木瓜蛋白酶(Papain)5种酶,在4种压力(100、200、300和400 MPa)及最适酶活温度和pH下处理5种酶与甘薯蛋白的混合液4min后,取上清液并测定其水解度、乳化液的微观结构、乳化活性指数(EAI)、乳化稳定性指数(ESI)。结果表明,与常压下相比,超高压下5种酶解产物的水解度均显著增加,超乳化液颗粒除Alcalse外,其余4种均变得更为细小均一,且4种产物的EAI显著提高,其中Papain在300MPa下处理的酶解产物EAI最佳,为101.59m~2·g~(-1)。而经超高压下酶解处理后5种酶解产物的ESI均比常压下提高,Neutrase在300MPa下处理后的ESI最好,达到75.80min。此外,选用Papain(p H值7,55℃)在300MPa(EAI最佳的条件)下处理6min,酶解产物的EAI和ESI均达到最大值,分别为129.58m2·g-1和21.98min。本研究为甘薯蛋白作为乳化剂在食品工业中的应用提供了基础理论支撑。  相似文献   

6.
脱酰胺与双酶协同作用提高小麦面筋蛋白酶解效率   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
为了探讨了不同脱酰胺处理和双酶协同作用方式对小麦面筋蛋白酶解效率及其产物抗氧化活性的影响,该文研究了小麦面筋蛋白在各种预处理方式和酶解条件下的蛋白回收率、水解度、抗氧化性能及肽分子量分布情况。结果显示,单独热处理(90℃,30 min)小麦面筋蛋白对其酶解效率无显著影响,而采用添加0.5 mol/L柠檬酸溶液进行热处理(质量分数为5%,90℃,30 min)可显著(P0.05)提高其蛋白回收率。此外,酶制剂添加顺序及双酶共同水解作用时间对酶解效率均具有较大影响:加入谷氨酰胺酶预先水解对小麦面筋蛋白的深度水解有促进作用;一定时间内的双酶协同作用有利于酶解的进行,但较长时间的双酶作用反而会抑制酶解效率。采用谷氨酰胺酶(质量分数为0.2%)对经柠檬酸加热处理的小麦面筋蛋白作用12 h后再加入胰酶(质量分数为0.6%)共同作用7 h可使蛋白回收率达70.74%,水解度达到9.88%;另外,酶解产物的自由基清除能力ABTS+(2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)+)值与氧化自由基吸收能力(ORAC,oxygen radical absorbance capacity)值分别达到478.95 mmol/g和213.85μmol/g,提示该酶解产物是一种潜在优秀食品抗氧化剂。研究结果可为拓宽小麦面筋蛋白的应用领域,以及高效制备抗氧化活性肽提供方法和理论指导。  相似文献   

7.
水热预处理提高花生分离蛋白酶解效率及其机理分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了提高花生分离蛋白的酶解效率,该文采用水热法对花生分离蛋白进行预处理,利用响应面试验设计优化预处理工艺,并研究比较了预处理前后花生分离蛋白酶解敏感性和空间构象的变化。结果表明:优化后的最佳预处理条件为水热压力90 MPa、水热温度85℃、水热时间20 min,此条件下酶解产物水解度达到16.3%,相对未经预处理的酶解产物提高了8.1个百分点。水热预处理提高了花生分离蛋白的主要组分花生球蛋白和伴球蛋白的酶解敏感性,使酶解产物蛋白质回收率提高了31.9个百分点。进行荧光光谱和红外光谱分析发现水热预处理使花生分离蛋白三级结构展开、二级结构紧密程度下降,可能是其酶解敏感性提高的主要原因。因此水热预处理是一种辅助提高花生分离蛋白酶解效率行之有效的方法。  相似文献   

8.
为了拓宽蚕豆蛋白在食品中的应用,解决传统工业方法制备的蚕豆蛋白溶解性差的问题,本文以传统的碱溶酸沉法提取的蚕豆蛋白为原料,采用限制性酶法对其进行增溶改性工艺优化,并对改性后的蚕豆蛋白的功能性质进行了研究。结果表明:风味蛋白酶是提高蚕豆蛋白溶解性的适宜用酶,酶解改性的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶14、酶加量(ES)0.1%、温度58℃、pH值7.5、酶解时间30 min,此条件下蚕豆蛋白的溶解性达到99.73%。改性后的蚕豆蛋白的溶解性、起泡性、乳化性及乳化稳定性在酸性和碱性条件下均显著提高,泡沫稳定性在碱性条件下显著提高,持水力在pH值为2~12的范围内显著下降。  相似文献   

9.
病死猪酶解及超声波预处理工艺优化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
病死畜禽资源化利用是解决病死畜禽污染的一条重要途径。为探索病死猪肉酶解工艺条件,该文以猪肉为原料,以胰蛋白酶为试验用酶,以水解度为指标,选取加酶量、底物浓度、pH值、温度作为试验因素,通过单因素试验初步确定了胰蛋白酶的水解条件,并分析了各因素对酶解反应的影响规律。应用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,以水解度为响应值,进行了四因素三水平的响应面优化试验,确定了最佳酶解工艺条件,并通过响应面模型的曲面图直观地分析了各影响因素之间的交互作用。在此基础上,探索频率为20 k Hz,功率为500 W的超声波预处理猪肉20 min对酶解效果的影响,并应用扫描电子显微镜在微观结构上对其原因进行了分析。结果表明,各因素对酶解反应的影响大小依次为:加酶量温度pH值底物浓度,在试验范围内得到的酶解最佳工艺条件为:加酶量为1.15%(质量分数)、底物质量浓度为80.5 g/L、pH值为7.96、温度为40.6℃,酶解1 h的预测水解度可达16.74%,验证试验水解度为16.77%,表明试验结果与软件分析结果相符,最佳水解时间为6 h,此时的水解度为28.91%。超声波预处理后,最佳水解时间为4 h,水解度达到32.86%,因此超声波预处理能缩短水解周期2 h,提高水解度4个百分点。由此可见,应用超声波预处理可以提高酶解效率,缩短工作时间。  相似文献   

10.
为研究汽爆预处理对鱼骨蛋白酶解特性的影响,以鳙鱼骨为研究对象,采用Alcalase酶解鳙鱼鱼骨,研究不同保压时间、汽爆压力对鳙鱼骨的水解度、蛋白质回收率、三氯乙酸(TCA)可溶性氮得率的影响。结果表明,汽爆预处理能显著提高鳙鱼骨蛋白的溶出率。0.6 MPa、2.0 min汽爆预处理鱼骨经Alcalase酶解3.0 h后,酶解产物的水解度为8.69%,蛋白质回收率为32.69%,TCA可溶性氮得率为28.79%,均显著高于未处理组;酶解产物相对分子质量主要分布在1 000 Da以下,高达93%。本研究结果为鱼骨资源利用提供了一定的技术支持。  相似文献   

11.
Defatted sesame meal ( approximately 40-50% protein content) is very important as a protein source for human consumption due to the presence of sulfur-containing amino acids, mainly methionine. Sesame protein isolate (SPI) is produced from dehulled, defatted sesame meal and used as a starting material to produce protein hydrolysate by papain. Protein solubility at different pH values, emulsifying properties in terms of emulsion activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI), foaming properties in terms of foam capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS), and molecular weight distribution of the SPI hydrolysates were investigated. Within 10 min of hydrolysis, the maximum cleavage of peptide bonds occurred as observed from the degree of hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysates have better functional properties than the original SPI. Significant increase in protein solubility, EAI, and ESI were observed. The greatest increase in solubility was observed between pH 5.0 and 7.0. The molecular weight of the hydrolysates was also reduced significantly during hydrolysis. These improved functional properties of different protein hydrolysates would make them useful products, especially in the food, pharmaceutical, and related industries.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of enzymatic deamidation by protein-glutaminase (PG) on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were studied. Conditions for the deamidation were evaluated by means of response surface methodology (RSM). Optimal conditions based on achieving a high degree of deamidation (DD) with a concurrently low degree of hydrolysis (DH) were 44 °C, enzyme:substrate ratio (E/S) of 40 U/g protein and pH 7.0. Under optimal conditions, both DD and DH increased over time. SDS-PAGE results indicated that lower molecular mass subunits were produced with increasing DD. Far-UV circular dichroism spectra revealed that the α-helix structure decreased with higher DD, while the β-sheet structure increased until 15 min of deamidation (32.9% DD), but then decreased at higher DD. The solubility of deamidated SPI was enhanced under both acidic and neutral conditions. SPI with higher DD showed better emulsifying properties and greater foaming capacity than SPI, while foaming stability was decreased. It is possible to modify and potentially improve the functional properties of SPI by enzymatic deamidation using PG.  相似文献   

13.
该文研究了不同制备方法对花生浓缩蛋白功能性的影响,以期为不同制备方法制得的花生浓缩蛋白在食品中的广泛应用提供理论支持。以脱脂花生蛋白粉（DPF）为原料,通过等电沉淀、乙醇浸提、等电沉淀与乙醇浸提相结合及碱溶酸沉技术制备花生浓缩蛋白,并分别测定其蛋白功能性（蛋白溶解性、吸水性、持油性、乳化能力及乳化稳定性、起泡能力及泡沫稳定性、凝胶性质）。结果表明：碱溶酸沉技术制备的蛋白溶解性、起泡能力及泡沫稳定性最好;而乙醇浸提制备的蛋白吸水性、持油性和凝胶性质要显著性的高于其他方法制备的蛋白产品的;不同方法制备的花生浓缩蛋白的乳化稳定性均明显低于对照（DPF）,尤以碱溶酸沉技术制备的最低。因此可知,乙醇浸提制备的蛋白适用于对吸水性、持油性和凝胶性质要求较高的食品中;碱溶酸沉技术制备的蛋白适用于对起泡能力要求较高的食品中。  相似文献   

14.
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the insoluble residue of barley malt resulting from the manufacture of wort. Although it is the main byproduct of the brewing industry, it has received little attention as a marketable commodity and is mainly used as animal feed. Our work focuses on one of the main constituents of BSG, i.e., the proteins. The lack of solubility of BSG proteins is one of the limitations for their more extensive use in food processing. We therefore aimed to generate BSG protein hydrolysates with improved technofunctional properties. BSG protein concentrate (BPC) was prepared by alkaline extraction of BSG and subsequent acid precipitation. BPC was enzymatically hydrolyzed in a pH-stat setup by several commercially available proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, and Pepsin) for different times and/or with different enzyme concentrations in order to obtain hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH). Physicochemical properties, such as molecular weight (MW) distribution and hydrophobicity, as well as technofunctional properties, such as solubility, color, and emulsifying and foaming properties, were determined. Enzymatic hydrolysis of BPC improved emulsion and/or foam-forming properties. However, for the hydrolysates prepared with Alcalase and Pepsin, an increasing DH generally decreased emulsifying and foam-forming capacities. Moreover, the type of enzyme impacted the resulting technofunctional properties. Hydrolysates prepared with Flavourzyme showed good technofunctional properties, independent of the DH. Physicochemical characterization of the hydrolysates indicated the importance of protein fragments with relatively high MW (exceeding 14.5 k) and high surface hydrophobicity for favorable technofunctional properties.  相似文献   

15.
The emulsifying ability, heat stability, and coalescence stability of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with whey protein of varied degrees of hydrolysis (DH), and at varied protein contents, was studied. Whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) with a DH of 4% and 10% had poorer emulsifying ability than non-hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate (WPC), but were more heat stable. Increasing DH between 10 and 27% improved emulsifying ability and further improved the heat stability of the emulsion droplets. Increasing DH from 27 to 35% led to a big decrease in both emulsifying ability and heat stability. The quiescent coalescence stability of WPH emulsions was relatively good up to a DH of 27%. Above DH 27% emulsions become highly unstable. It appears that two mechanisms of instability are at work here. At low DH heat-induced denaturation and aggregation occur. In the DH range of 4-20% heat stability increases as protein globular structure is disrupted. At a DH greater than 27% we see a change from a hydrolysis-induced increase in heat-stability to coalescence instability, with a resultant large increase in emulsion breakdown during heating.  相似文献   

16.
The functional properties of proteins from Tarom and Shiroodi cultivars were determined and compared with technological aspects of food and nutraceutical applications. Shiroodi has higher protein content than Tarom, and the yields of protein obtained were 72.88 and 66.36%, respectively. Nitrogen solubilities of rice bran protein of Tarom were more than Shiroodi at all pH levels. In addition, higher solubility was found in acidic or alkaline conditions. Although the rice bran proteins had lower emulsifying properties than bovine serum albumin, they had similar foaming properties in comparison with egg white. Tarom isolates had a significantly higher solubility, emulsifying property, and foaming stability and greater surface properties than Shiroodi isolates. The results showed the surface hydrophobicities of rice bran protein were greater than casein and ovalbumin and lower than other proteins such as bovine serum albumin. Water and oil absorption capacities were 1.03 and 1.66 for Tarom and 87.3 and 75.3 for Shiroodi, respectively. The bulk densities of Tarom and Shiroodi were also 0.55 and 0.53 g/mL, which make them suitable for weaning food and other industrial applications. As a result, these rice bran proteins showed higher hydrophobicity than that of other rice bran protein varieties as well as more functionality. Thus, they have good potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries.  相似文献   

17.
Rice endosperm protein was modified to enhance solubility and emulsifying properties by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum degree of hydrolysis (DH) was determined for acid, neutral, and alkaline type proteases. Solubility and emulsifying properties of the hydrolysates were compared and correlated with DH and surface hydrophobicity. DH was positively associated with solubility of resulting protein hydrolysate regardless of the hydrolyzing enzyme, but enzyme specificity and DH interactively determined the emulsifying properties of the protein hydrolysate. The optimum DH was 6–10% for good emulsifying properties of rice protein, depending on enzyme specificity. High hydrophobic and sulfhydryl disulfide (SH-SS) interactions contributed to protein insolubility even at high DH. The exposure of buried hydrophobic regions of protein that accompanied high-temperature enzyme inactivation promoted aggregation and cross-linking of partially hydrolyzed proteins, thus decreasing the solubility and emulsifying properties of the resulting hydrolysate. Due to the highly insoluble nature of rice protein, surface hydrophobicity was not a reliable indicator for predicting protein solubility and emulsifying properties. Solubility and molecular flexibility are the essential factors in achieving good emulsifying properties of rice endosperm protein isolates.  相似文献   

18.
Suni‐bug (Eurygaster spp.) enzyme was partially purified from bug‐damaged wheat and used to prepare gluten hydrolysates at 3% and 5% degree of hydrolysis (DH). Functional properties of gluten and gluten hydrolysates were determined at 0.2% (w/v) protein concentration and pH 2–10. Gluten solubility after enzymatic hydrolysis increased significantly (P < 0.05) up to 89.1, 89.6, and 95.0% at pH 7, 8, and 10, respectively. Emulsion stability (ES) of gluten hydrolysates improved at neutral and alkaline pH (P < 0.05) and emulsifying capacity (EC) increased significantly (P < 0.05) except at pH 10. Foaming capacity (FC) values of gluten hydrolysates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at pH 6, 7, 8; foam stability (FS) values of gluten hydrolysates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at pH 6 and 7. Enzymatic modification of gluten by wheat‐bug enzyme resulted in hydrolysates with higher antioxidant activity compared to gluten. Significant correlations (P < 0.001) were found between solubility and EC, ES, FC, and FS values of gluten and its hydrolysates with 3% and 5% DH.  相似文献   

19.
Mid-infrared spectra of whey and casein hydrolysates were recorded using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Multivariate data analysis techniques were used to investigate the capacity of FTIR spectra to classify hydrolysates and to study the ability of the spectra to predict bitterness, solubility, emulsifying, and foaming properties of hydrolysates. Principal component analysis revealed that hydrolysates prepared from different protein sources or with different classes of proteolytic enzymes are distinguished effectively on basis of their FTIR spectra. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis showed satisfactory to good prediction of functional parameters; the coefficient of determination (R(2)) varied from 0.60 to 0.92. The accurate prediction of bitterness and emulsion forming ability of hydrolysates by using only one uncomplicated and rapid analytical method has not been reported before. FTIR spectra in combination with multivariate data analysis proved to be valuable in protein hydrolysate fingerprinting and can be used as an alternative for laborious functionality measurements.  相似文献   

20.
beta-Lactoglobulin (betaLg) was subjected to limited hydrolysis by trypsin, plasmin, and endoproteinase from Staphylococcus aureus V8 (S.aur.V8) to degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of 1, 2, and 4%. The several hydrolysates had different peptide compositions (determined by reversed-phase HPLC and gel-permeation chromatography [GPC]). GPC under nondenaturing, denaturing, and denaturing plus reducing conditions showed that the peptides formed were linked by hydrophobic interactions or by disulfide bonds or were not linked at all. At very low protein concentration, some differences in emulsion-forming properties were observed: only the plasmin hydrolysates could form emulsions with a uniform particle-size distribution. The emulsions formed with S.aur.V8 hydrolysates had poor emulsion-stabilizing properties. Some hydrolysates showed increased foam-forming properties in comparison with the intact protein. All foams formed were stable. Overall, the plasmin hydrolysate (DH4) contained relatively much larger molecules and/or hydrophobic molecules. Many molecules were disulfide-linked peptides. This hydrolysate also had the best functional properties.  相似文献   

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