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1.
Summary Investigations on the inheritance of root color in carrot (Daucus carota L.) were carried out by crossing uniformly colored roots to various tinge type roots, i.e. roots of which the xylem differs in color from the phloem.A single major gene (Y) was found to be responsible for the observed differences in progenies of orange x tinge orange-white (orange referring to phloem color, white to xylem color) crosses. Plants carrying the dominant Y-allele had either white or tinge orange-white roots, whereas plants with orange roots were of the genotype yy. Similarly one major gene (Y
2) determined the segregation found in progenies of orange x yellow crosses. In the latter crosses, plants having the dominant Y
2-allele had either yellow or tinge orange-yellow roots while the recessive would be orange. Variation in phloem color, i.e. differences between white and tinge orange-white or between yellow and tinge orange-yellow, was apparently caused by minor genes, modifiers, gene interactions, or by genes that are not involved in carotenogenesis in a direct way.When both the Y- and Y
2-genes were present, the roots were always white. Usually white roots gave a digenic segregation pattern in the F2 when crossed to orange, but there was some evidence that a third gene (Y
1) was segregating in some crosses. Tinge orange-white x yellow crosses gave approximately the same results as orange x white crosses, confirming that the same Y- and Y
2-genes were segregating.In crosses between orange lines and a light yellow line (RY) certain F1 's appeared to have a light orange xylem and a fairly dark orange phloem, which seems to be some evidence for the existence of recessive yellow. Although almost nothing is known yet about the genetics of RY it is assumed that it still carries a dominant inhibitor gene which may be leaky in heterozygous condition. The value of such a line as an aid in the selection of superior orange lines is discussed.Alpha- and beta-carotene were found to be the major pigments in orange carrot tissue; phytofluene, zetacarotene, gamma-carotene and xanthophylls were shown to be present in smaller amounts. Besides xanthophylls and a small amount of beta-carotene dark yellow carrot tissue appeared to contain an appreciable amount of an unidentified pigment (pigment I). Light yellow and white phloem or xylem tissue were low in total carotenoids.Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and by a grant from the Campbell Soup Company, Camden, New Jersey, USA. The investigation is a portion of a thesis submitted in 1978 as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the PhD degree. 相似文献
2.
采用高效液相色谱检测60个不同玉米籽粒颜色自交系中类胡萝卜素（叶黄素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质和β-胡萝卜素）含量,结果显示,叶黄素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质和β-胡萝卜素的平均含量分别为56.32、0.85、1.31和5.75mg/kg。按籽粒颜色由浅到深,将60个玉米自交系分为4个等级,颜色越深的品种类胡萝卜素含量越高。对R、G、B、Gray值与类胡萝卜素含量进行相关分析表明,R、G、B和Gray值之间存在极显著正相关（P<0.01）,相关系数分别为0.992（G与Gray）和0.939（R与Gray）,4种类胡萝卜素含量间呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.830（β-隐黄质与β-胡萝卜素）和0.815（β-隐黄质与玉米黄质）。根据类胡萝卜素含量对60个玉米自交系进行聚类分析,60个自交系分为5类,其中第1类类胡萝卜素含量最低,第2类属于中富含类胡萝卜素的自交系,第5类属于高维生素A含量的自交系。综上可知,类胡萝卜素的种类及其含量是影响籽粒颜色的重要因素,可为培育高胡萝卜素含量的玉米品种提供依据。 相似文献
3.
柿果类胡萝卜素化学成份及其含量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对柿果中类胡萝卜素化学成份及其含量的季节性变化以及栽培条件的影响等进行了调查,旨在为柿色素代谢及其功能性成分合成与调控等的深入研究奠定基础。结果如下：柿果实中的色素成份为玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和番茄红素;果皮中的类胡萝卜素总含量约是果肉中的6-11倍;按类胡萝卜素组成成分的含量由高至低,果皮依次为玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和番茄红素;而果肉依次为β-隐黄质、玉米黄质和β-胡萝卜素。结果表明,柿果肉主要色素成份为功能性β-隐黄质。温室栽培磨盘柿果中功能性成分β-隐黄质含量是露地的3倍。供试7品种间色素成分与含量有很大区别。 相似文献
4.
鹤望兰黄色花萼色素成分分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过鹤望兰黄色花萼色素成分分析,对研究其花色形成机理具有重要意义。该文对鹤望兰黄色花萼进行紫外-可见光谱分析、花色表型测定和高效液相色谱分析。结果发现,黄色花萼含有类胡萝卜素和黄酮类化合物。在类胡萝卜素中,β-胡萝卜素含量最高,达825.80 μg/(g·FW),其次是β-隐黄质含量[322.28 μg/(g·FW)],含量最少是叶黄素[3.87 μg/(g·FW)]。该项研究为鹤望兰花色素成分的进一步分离和鉴定等工作提供了参考,同时也为鹤望兰花色的分子育种提供帮助。 相似文献
5.
6.
The nutritional value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) can be improved by the introgression of β-carotene (i.e., provitamin A and/or orange flesh) genes from “Xishuangbanna
gourd” (XIS; Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan) into US pickling cucumber. However, the genetics of β-carotene content has not been clearly defined in this US
market type. Thus, three previous populations derived from a US pickling cucumber (‘Addis’) × XIS mating were evaluated for
β-carotene content, from which the high β-carotene inbred line (S4), ‘EOM 402-10’, was developed. A cross was then made between the US pickling cucumber inbred line ‘Gy7’ [gynoecious, no β-carotene,
white flesh; P1] and ‘EOM 402-10’ [monoecious, possessing β-carotene, orange flesh; P2] to determine the inheritance of β-carotene in fruit mesocarp and endocarp tissue. Parents and derived cross-progenies (F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2) were evaluated for β-carotene content in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin. While F1 and BC1P1 progeny produced mature fruits possessing white, light-green, and green (0.01–0.02 μg g−1 β-carotene) mesocarp, the F2 and BC1P2 progeny mesocarp segregated in various hues of white, green, yellow (0.01–0.34 μg g−1 β-carotene), and orange (1.90–2.72 μg g−1 β-carotene). Mesocarp and endocarp F2 segregation adequately fit a 15:1 [low-β-carotene (0.01–0.34 μg g−1): high-β-carotene (1.90–2.72 μg g−1)] and 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively. Likewise, segregation of carotene concentration in mesocarp
and endocarp tissues in BC1P2 progeny adequately fit a 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) and 1:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively.
Progeny segregations indicate that two recessive genes control the β-carotene content in the mesocarp, while one recessive
gene controls β-carotene content in the endocarp. Single marker analysis of F2 progeny using the carotenoid biosynthesis gene Phytoene synthase determined that there was no association between this gene and the observed β-carotene variation in either fruit mesocarp
or endocarp. 相似文献
7.
In contrast to the yellow color of pollen of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars, an unusual cream color was observed in some seedlings from self-pollination of the Sicilian cultivar ‘Montebello.’
After elimination of accidental outcrosses, the segregation fit a 3 yellow: 1 cream ratio, indicating the possibility of simple
genetic control. Two seedlings with cream-colored pollen were backcrossed to their parent ‘Montebello,’ and the progeny segregated
1 yellow: 1 cream for pollen color. When two seedlings with cream-colored pollen were crossed with each other, all of the
resulting seedlings had cream-colored pollen. These segregation ratios indicate that pollen color in hazelnut is controlled
by a single locus with yellow dominant to cream color. The symbol pc is proposed for this locus.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Independent Inheritance of Flower Colour and Male-Fertility Restorer Characters in Brassica napus L. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Available material of oilseed (Brassica napus L., AACC) comprises two yellow-flowered breeding lines and a white/pale-flowered line of resynthesized rape. The flower colour white/pale is dominant over yellow, and is controlled by a gene located in the C-genome. The yellow-flowered genotypes acted as restorer lines and the white/pale-flowered genotype as a maintainer line in a cytoplasmic male sterility system. The segregation pattern of flower colour and male fertility restorer characters were studied in F2 generations of crosses between these lines, also in a three-way cross additionally including a yellow flowered B. campestris (AA) line. Evidense was obtained in support of the conclusion that the flower colour and male fertility restorer characters are monogenically controlled and independently inherited. Whether the male fertility restorer gene is located in the A or C genome remains to be determined. 相似文献
9.
甘蓝型油菜桔红花色恢复系在杂交制种过程中起到指示作用,可去除杂株,因此培育出桔红花色优良恢复系是十分有必要的。本研究利用已开发的与桔红花色位点Bnpc1和Bnpc2紧密连锁的4个分子标记对118份春性甘蓝型油菜恢复系的桔红花色位点基因型进行鉴定,从中筛选出Bnpc1位点为显性,Bnpc2位点为隐性(BnPC1 BnPC1 Bnpc2 Bnpc2)或Bnpc1位点为隐性,Bnpc2位点为显性(Bnpc1 Bnpc1 BnPC2 BnPC2)的纯合黄花资源,从而可以利用这两种基因型恢复系相互杂交,选育出桔红花色优良恢复系。这为培育出桔红花色优良恢复系提供了一种简单有效的方法,同时也为花色选育提供了优良桔红花色遗传资源。 相似文献
10.
Summary In red × yellow crosses of carrot (Daucus carota L.) three major genes were found to be segregating: Y
2, inhibiting the synthesis of carotenoids, L, stimulating lycopene synthesis and A
1, the action of which was not very clear. It is assumed that the dominant allele A
1 enhances the formation of beta- and alpha-carotene at the expense of lycopene resulting in a more orange color instead of red, however, minor genes, modifiers and various interactions were obviously also involved.At least two inhibitor genes (Y and Y
2) were segregating in red × white crosses. Evidence was found for a third inhibitor gene (Y
1) in some crosses but this was not clear-cut.In F2 progenies of red × white crosses a new phenotype was detected, i.e. tinge yellow-red, the xylem of which had a higher total carotenoid content than the phloem. Nothing is yet known about the genetics of this phenotype; tentatively it is suggested that one of the Y-genes might be less effective in the xylem than in the phloem regarding the suppression of lycopene synthesis.Much variation in pigment composition was found in F2 generations of red × yellow and red × white crosses. Lycopene and beta-carotene were the predominant pigments in red and orange roots; zeta-carotene and phytofluene were generally shown to be present in smaller amounts while the presence of gamma-carotene and neurosporene could only be demonstrated in a limited number of roots. White and yellow roots were low in total carotenoids and consequently no or only a few specific carotenoids were detected in these roots.Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and by a grant from the Campbell Soup Company, Camden, New Jersey. The investigation is a portion of a thesis submitted in 1978 as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the PhD degree. 相似文献
11.
Summary The soybean seed storage protein β-conglycinin has a low amino acid score, shows lower functional gelling properties compared with glycinin and contains a major allergen. The wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb et Zucc.) QT2 lacks all the subunits of β-conglycinin, and this deficiency is controlled by a single dominant gene Scg-1 (suppressor of β-conglycinin). Scg-1 was introduced into a soybean cultivar Fukuyutaka from QT2 and this near-isogenic line was designated as QY7-25. Segregation analyses of the progeny derived from a cross between QY7-25 and the wild type did not show any significant changes caused by Scg-1 in the germination ratio and seed weight. Low amounts of mRNAs for the α ’, α and β subunits of β-conglycinin were detected by RT-PCR in QY7-25. We revealed that an α subunit mRNA expressed from a region which replaced with mutant line in the near-isogenic line QY7-25 by single nucleotide polymorphisms analysis. In addition, an abnormal splicing event in a cDNA clone for the β subunit isolated from immature seed of QY7-25 was observed. Southern analysis using the coding region of α ’ subunit gene as a probe revealed a polymorphism between QY7-25 and wild type and this genotypes co-segregate with the deficiency of β-conglycinin subunits. These results suggest that the β-conglycinin deficiency might be controlled by a claster region of β-conglycinin subunit genes. In the present study, no agronomical disadvantage in QY7-25 was observed, confirming that Scg-1 is a valuable gene for soybean breeding. 相似文献
12.
Summary Broad sense heritabilities and gene numbers were estimated for the production of total carotenoids and the major component carotenoids of carrot storage roots: phytoene, ζ-carotene, β-carotene, α-carotene, and lycopene. Two crosses with different backgrounds were evaluated: orange B493 × white QAL and orange Brasilia × dark orange HCM. The HCM (high carotene mass selection), Brasilia and B493 parents had both α-carotene and β-carotene, but HCM had proportionally more α-carotene. Carotene content in F
2 populations ranged from 522 ppm to 1714 ppm in Brasilia × HCM and from 0 to 695 ppm in B493 × QAL progeny. F
2 plants segregating for absence of α-carotene were identified in B493 × QAL. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 28% to 48% for all carotenes except lycopene and phytoene where estimates were 44% to 89% in the Brasilia × HCM cross, All heritability values exceeded 88% for the B493 × QAL cross, except one estimate for lycopene. The estimated number of genes was 4 conditioning α-carotene, 2 to 3 each for β-carotene and total carotenes and one each for ζ-carotene, lycopene and phytoene in the orange × dark orange cross. In the orange × white cross, the estimates were 4 genes for α-carotene, 1 to 2 each for lycopene and total carotenes and 1 for each of the other carotenes. These results are in general agreement with QTL studies and they provided evidence for continuous inheritance of α-carotene, β-carotene and total carotenoids in the orange × dark orange cross and discrete inheritance for β-carotene and total carotenoids in the orange × white cross.Part of thesis “Biometrical studies and quantitative trait loci associated with major products of the carotenoids pathway of carrot (Daucus carota L.)” presented by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirement of the PhD degree in Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics, UW-Madison, USA, 2001. 相似文献
13.
A unique flower initiation of the wild Junebearing strawberry strain ‘CHI-24-1’ in Fragaria chiloensis occurs under 24 h DL and high temperature conditions. To introduce the floral initiation characteristics of ‘CHI-24-1’ into
cultivated strawberries of F. × ananassa, a cross pollination was conducted between ‘CHI-24-1’ and the Japanese short-day type strawberry cultivar ‘Nyoho’. The floral
initiation of ‘CHI-24-1’ was induced in both parent and daughter plants linked with runners under a 24 h DL and 23/20 ∘C, but not 8 and 16 h DLs at the same temperatures. Of the 21 F1 hybrids grown under the 24 h DL, 12 showed flower truss production
in the parent and/or daughter plants linked with runners. Among 64 F1 hybrids, 26 exposed to 8, 16 and 24 h DLs for 30 days
produced no flower trusses. However, 32, one and five F1 hybrids produced flower trusses under the 24 h DL alone, 8 h DL alone
and both the 8 and 24 h DLs, respectively. The results of the experiments indicated that none of the F1 hybrids were day-neutral
plants, but approximately 60% had the characteristics of floral initiation under 24 h DL, which was inherited from the pollen
parent of ‘CHI-24-1’. The importance of the unique floral initiation characteristics under 24 h DL with high temperature for
strawberry breeding was discussed. 相似文献
14.
The thermostability of β-amylase in 6752 lines of worldwide barley genetic resources were investigated. Most of the lines
were classified into high (type A), medium (type B) , and low (type C) thermostability. Subsequently the geographical distribution
of these types was clarified. About 90% of the East Asian (Japan, the Korean Peninsula, China) lines were type A. More than
95% of Ethiopian barley was type C. The thermostability types of varieties in the western areas (north Africa, southwest Asia,
Turkey, Europe) consisted of types A, B and C. These results suggest that there is a clear geographical differentiation in
β-amylase thermostability, especially in East Asia and Ethiopia. The phenotype characteristics of each thermostability type
line reflected the geographical differentiation. Besides types A, B and C, we found new thermostability types, including such
useful mutants as a β-amylase-less mutant and highly-thermostable mutants than type A in both China and Nepal.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Johan S. N. Oud Harrie Schneiders Ad J. Kool Mart Q. J. M. van Grinsven 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):403-409
Summary Colour is the major contributor to the total ornamental value of a flower. The combination of biochemical knowledge and genetic engineering technology has resulted in the addition of a new colour to the existing colour range of Petunia hybrida. This has been achieved by expression of the maize dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (dfr) gene in a suitable petunia acceptor which leads to the accumulation of pelargonidin-derived pigments in flowers. The resulting flower colour, however, was a pale brick-red, which is commercially unattractive in petunia.Our objective was to produce a product suitable for commercialisation by introducing the dfr gene into our breeding material via normal sexual recombination. Although the initial transformant exhibited many negative characteristics, first analyses indicated that it was feasible to obtain suitable material for creating commercial hybrids. Experimental hybrids based on F4 lines were obtained with improved phenotypic expression of the orange flower colour in combination with a good general performance.In order to assess consumer-related characteristics, selected experimental hybrids were tested under field conditions. All transgenic plants had a normal appearance when compared with non-transgenic control plants. No linkage was observed between the transgenic trait and any negative characteristic. From these studies it can be concluded that through a combination of biochemistry, breeding and genetic engineering, it is possible to generate unique flower colours in a cultivars with commercial potential. 相似文献
16.
Johan S. N. Oud Harrie Schneiders Ad J. Kool Mart Q. J. M. van Grinsven 《Euphytica》1995,84(3):175-181
Summary Flower colour is the major contributor to the total ornamental value of a flower. The combination of biochemical knowledge and genetic engineering technology has resulted in the addition of a new colour to the existing colour range ofPetunia hybrida. This has been achieved by expression of the maize dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) gene in a suitable petunia acceptor which leads to the accumulation of pelargonidin-derived pigments in flowers. The resulting flower colour, however, was a pale brick-red, which is commercially unattractive in petunia. Our objective was to produce a product suitable for commercialisation by introducing the DFR gene into our breeding material via normal sexual recombination. Although the initial transformant exhibited many negative characteristics, first analyses indicated that it was feasible to obtain material for creating commercial hybrids. Experimental hybrids based on F4 lines were obtained with improved phenotypical expression of the orange flower colour in combination with a good general performance. In order to assess consumer-related characteristics, selected experimental hybrids were tested under field conditions. All transgenic plants had a normal appearance when compared to non-transgenic control plants. No linkage was observed between the transgenic trait and any negative characteristic. From these studies it can be concluded that through a combination of biochemistry, breeding and genetic engineering it is possible to generate unique flower colours in a cultivar with commercial potential. 相似文献
17.
Adelheid R. Kuehnle David H. Lewis Kenneth R. Markham Kevin A. Mitchell Kevin M. Davies Brian R. Jordan 《Euphytica》1997,95(2):187-194
Anthocyanidins were identified in 28 Dendrobium species and hybrids selected for analysis based on colour and suitability
in cut flower breeding. Flowers designated pink, red, maroon, orange, bronze, and brown in the trade were placed in RHS colour
groups red-purple, purple-violet, violet on yellow, greyed-purple on yellow or yellow-orange, and brown. This colour range
contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin, with peonidin occurring as a minor pigment. The colours of three blue genotypes,
D. gouldii K280-6, D. biggibum ‘blue’, and D. Kultana ‘blue’, were light violet to purple by RHS standards and contained anthocyanins
based on cyanidin. Peach-coloured flowers were classified as red or red-purple and included pelargonidin glycosides. Anthocyanin
concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.18 μmoles/g FW in light lavender and peach, and up to 3.66 μmoles/g FW in brown. Combined
cellular and vacuolar pH ranged narrowly from 4.67 to 5.09 among white, peach, lavender, and brown lines. Predominant copigments
were flavonol glycosides based on kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and methylated derivatives. Flavonol aglycones and glycosylation
sites differed little among two colour forms of D. gouldii and two D. Jaquelyn Thomas hybrids. Accumulation of quercetin,
myricetin, and cyanidin indicated flavonoid 3' and 3',5' hydroxylation activities in several Dendrobium. Additional accumulation
of isorhamnetin, syringetin, and peonidin indicated active flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'- O-methyltransferase enzymes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Rooted cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. ‘Puja’ were treated with different doses of gamma rays. Sectorial somatic mutations both in flower colour and shape were detected in all the doses. The original floret colour of ‘Puja’ is red‐purple and florets are flat spoon shaped. One of the mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with original flat florets and another mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with tubular florets. Original and mutated ray florets were cultured on agar‐solidified Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with sucrose and different combinations of 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP). Direct shoot organogenesis was seen within 2 weeks of culture initiation. The best regeneration was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA. Shoots regenerated from all explant types were rooted in vitro and transferred to the field. Regenerated plants flowered true‐to‐explant floret colour and shape. The isolated yellow floret colour mutants and yellow floret colour mutants with tubular florets were maintained vegetatively and have proved to be true to type in two successive generations. 相似文献
19.
Summary A strong epidemiological association is known to exist between the consumption of grass pea and lathyrism. A neurotoxin, -N-Oxalyl-L-, -diaminopropanoic acid (ODAP) has been identified as the causative principle. This study was undertaken to investigate the mode of inheritance of the neurotoxin ODAP, flower and seed coat colour in grass pea. Five grass pea lines with low to high ODAP concentration were inter-crossed in all possible combinations to study the inheritance of the neurotoxin. Parents, F1 and F2 progenies were evaluated under field condition and ODAP analyzed by an ortho-phthalaldehyde spectrophotometric method. Many of the progenies of low x low ODAP crosses were found to be low in ODAP concentration indicating the low ODAP lines shared some genes in common for seed ODAP content. The F1 progenies of the low ODAP x high ODAP crosses were intermediate in ODAP concentration and the F2 progenies segregated covering the entire parental range. This continuous variation, together with very close to normal distribution of the F2 population both of low x low and low x high ODAP crosses indicated that ODAP content was quantitatively inherited. Reciprocal crosses, in some cases, produced different results indicating a maternal effect on ODAP concentration. Blue and white flower coloured lines of grass pea were inter-crossed to study the inheritance of flower colour. Blue flower colour was dominant over the white. The F2 progenies segregated in a 13:3 ratio indicating involvement of two genes with inhibiting gene interactions. The gene symbol LB for blue flower colour and LW for white flower colour is proposed. 相似文献
20.
Three photoperiod-sensitive spring barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and three independently derived, single-gene, nuclear mutants expressing photoperiod insensitivity and extremely early heading time under short daylengths were investigated for chloroplastic pigment variation in three environments using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to account for differences in laminae colour. In a greenhouse, non-stress environment and in a full sunlight, high-temperature stress environment, no systematic differences were observed among pigments of the mutant-parent pairs. However, under 12 h of daily light (600 μE m 2sec?1) and stress temperatures (20/10°C, night/day) in a growth chamber, the three mutants appeared similar to each other in chlorotic appearance and laminae pigment contents, but differed from the three non -chlorotic parents, which were similar to each other. The mutants had less chlorophyll a and b, β-carotene, lutein, taraxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin but more zeaxanthin than their parents. When shaded, the mutants became less chlorotic. How phenotypic differences for heading time and perception of day-length might be related to altered chloroplast contents remains unclear. The single-gene mutants conferring photopenod insensitivity were more sensitive to photothermal stress than their photoperiod-sensitive counterparts and as a result, their zeaxanthin content increased but the level of other pigments decreased. 相似文献