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1.
为寻找与薏苡农艺性状相关联的分子标记,在分析遗传多样性和群体结构的基础上,本研究通过对浏阳、耘园、桃源等试验基地82份薏苡种质资源的7个农艺性状数据和SRAP分子标记进行关联分析,发现有15对引物与薏苡7个农艺性状显著关联,它们的变异解释率范围在6.75%～18.64%之间。其中引物me8/em8与3个试验基地的薏苡千粒重极显著相关联;引物me2/em6与2个试验基地的薏苡性状粒宽和主茎茎粗显著相关联;引物me1/em7与2个试验基地的薏苡性状千粒重显著相关联。研究结果为薏苡分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
花生SSR标记与农艺性状的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以农家品种四粒红和冀农黑3号构建的包含有251个家系的重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料, 在保定市和邯郸大名县两地进行表型鉴定, 利用Pearson’s相关和逐步多元回归分析了花生农艺性状之间及其与标记的相关性。结果表明, 多数农艺性状间存在显著或极显著相关, 其中相关性最高的为单株生产力和单株仁重(r=0.970), 其次是主茎高和第一侧枝长(r=0.918); 77对SSR标记与18个农艺性状显著相关, 每个性状相关标记数在2~16之间; 14个SSR标记与13个农艺性状关联, 解释的表型变异为5.2%~11.5%。以上结果为今后花生的常规育种和分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
马铃薯主要农艺性状的SSR标记关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2016,(11)
本研究利用51对SSR标记对148份马铃薯种质材料进行多态性扫描,群体遗传结构分析,在此基础上采用Tassel 2.1的MLM(mixed linear model)分析策略进行标记与马铃薯6个主要农艺性状的关联分析。分析检测到11个标记与6个农艺性状相关联且达到极显著水平(p0.01),各标记对表型变异的解释率范围为0.082 9~0.498 8,部分标记与两个性状相关联。检测到与商品薯率相关联的标记共7个,分别为:Sti13、Ac58、Sti01、Stm1041、Sti19、Stm2012、Sti51;Sti06和Stm2007标记与株高相关联;与开花时间、分枝、单株薯重和单株茎叶鲜重相关的标记各1个,分别为:Ac58、Stm5136、Sti53、Sti53。研究进一步解析了各等位变异的表型效应,并对相应的载体材料进行挖掘。研究分析所得到的与农艺性状显著关联的SSR标记位点及其表型效应分析可在等位基因发掘、亲本组配、以及分子标记辅助选择等方面为育种工作提供参考。 相似文献
4.
野生二粒小麦(Triticum turgidum ssp.dicoccoides)是普通小麦的四倍体祖先种,具有广泛的基因型变异,是改良普通小麦的重要种质资源。本研究对不同年份和地点四个环境下的161份野生二粒小麦渗入系材料的株高、分蘖数、小穗数、抽穗期、开花期和千粒重进行表型鉴定,并利用覆盖全基因组的13,116个DArT标记对各农艺性状进行全基因组关联分析,以期发掘性状显著关联标记及相关候选基因。本研究共检测到147个与6个农艺性状相关的稳定标记。其中,一些关联标记与抽穗期和开花期同时相关,并且在2B染色体上聚集成簇。在野生二粒小麦渗入系群体中共推定了21个与农艺性状相关的候选基因,其中位于7A染色体与千粒重显著相关的候选基因与细胞周期蛋白有关。这些标记和候选基因可为克隆优异农艺性状相关基因提供重要信息,从而为野生二粒小麦在普通小麦背景中的遗传改良综合利用提供依据与指导。 相似文献
5.
《华北农学报》2016,(Z1)
采用EST-SSR分子标记技术和2年田间试验方法对31个芍药品种的遗传多样性进行研究。用80对来源于牡丹的EST-SSR标记,以芍药品种雪山金辉、针刺莲、遍地红和紫檀生烟DNA为模板,对引物进行筛选,共筛选到52对多态性引物,多态率为65%。进一步利用筛选的52对多态性EST-SSR引物对31个芍药品种的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明:52对EST-SSR引物在31份材料中共扩增出了265.2个多态性基因型,平均每对引物5.1个,采用Nei和Li的方法,计算品种间的遗传距离;同时,以2年田间试验获得的31个品种花色、花型、株高、株幅、花径、叶长、叶宽、株型和叶型等农艺性状表型平均数正态标准化后,利用欧氏距离计算品种间遗传距离。基于EST-SSR分子标记的聚类分析与系谱分析结果基本一致。若以整个遗传距离的总平均数作尺度对聚类图的结果进行分类,可分为6类。Mantel检测表明,EST-SSR分子标记数据计算的遗传距离矩阵和9个农艺性状计算的遗传距离矩阵具有极显著的相关性(r=0.802 3,t=10.324),可为芍药新品种培育及产业化奠定基础。 相似文献
6.
7.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(18):6155-6163
为探究高原青蒜品种的农艺性状及营养品质的差异,本研究利用差异显著性、相关性及主成分分析对5份大蒜品种的9个农艺性状和11个营养品质指标进行了比较。结果表明,不同青蒜品种的农艺与品质性状差异显著,其中农艺性状的变异范围为11.03%～60.54%,品质性状的变异范围为10.33%～56.81%。相关性分析发现,假茎粗与6个品质性状呈显著或极显著关系,假茎粗是与青蒜营养关联最多的农艺性状。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,其中主成分1和主成分2的方差贡献率分别为46.19%和26.85%,主成分1中"叶片颜色因子"(叶绿素a,叶绿素b,类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素的含量)和主成分2中"株形因子"(株幅,假茎长,假茎长/株高)为青蒜品种评价中的主要指标。青蒜品种的农艺与品质性状综合得分为QS3QS1QS5QS4QS2。综上说明,QS3的农艺与品质性状最佳,可作为优良高原青蒜资源在青海高原地区栽培推广;同时,叶绿素相关指标的含量、株幅、假茎长、假茎长/株高是高原青蒜商品性的重要评价指标,这将为高原青蒜品种的筛选鉴定提供重要参考。 相似文献
8.
小麦骨干亲本繁6产量相关性状关键基因组区段的遗传效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
繁6是中国小麦育种最重要的骨干亲本之一, 明确其优良特性的遗传机制对小麦育种具有重要意义。本研究鉴定了39个繁6衍生品种的7个产量相关性状, 并利用全基因组SSR标记分析了繁6中控制这些性状重要遗传区段和基因位点在子代中的遗传效应。表型鉴定结果表明, 繁6产量相关性状在不同世代衍生品种中表现无显著差异, 表明这些性状在衍生品种选育过程中受到选择并稳定遗传。利用已获得的控制小麦产量相关“一致性” QTL区段的417个SSR标记进行分子扫描, 发现11个繁6特异SSR标记在其衍生后代中被高频率遗传。性状-标记关联分析表明, 21个来自繁6的特异SSR标记与产量相关性状极显著关联(P < 0.01)。同时鉴定出分别位于2A和5A染色体的Xgdm93.3-Xgwm526.2和Xbarc100-Xgwm156.1区段, 前者控制株高和小穗数, 后者控制千粒重。本研究证实, 上述两个与小麦产量相关性状关联的位点或区段在小麦产量育种进程中受到强烈的人为定向连续选择, 并在四川乃至西南麦区小麦产量育种中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
9.
国内外烤烟品种农艺性状的遗传多样性及与SRAP标记的关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取258份国内外烤烟品种,在2个试验点调查13个农艺性状,利用16对引物组合获得的597个SRAP标记进行分子遗传多样性和群体结构分析,选取适宜的模型进行农艺性状与SRAP标记间关联分析。结果表明,参试品种表型和基因型变异丰富,国内品种的遗传多样性低于国外品种。总材料可分为7个亚群,分类结果与材料的地理来源和遗传背景显著相关,国外材料遗传结构相对复杂。通过比较发现MIM_Q+K和MIM_PCA+K为该群体最优的关联分析模型,共检测到18个SRAP标记与6个农艺性状显著关联(–Log P>2, P<0.01),其中me1/em9-16,me1/em9-36,me4/em9-1与株高、me1/em2-14,me7/em5-34与叶片数、me6/em2-6与脚叶宽、me2/em6-15与腰叶长在不同环境下均显著关联。 相似文献
10.
柱花草重要性状与SSR、SRAP分子标记的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(5)
为了寻找与柱花草重要性状相关联的分子标记,本研究以20份柱花草品种(系)为对象,进行了株高等5个农艺性状和粗蛋白等8个品质性状的观测分析。在分析遗传多样性和群体结构的基础上,将品种间差异显著的11个性状与SSR、SRAP标记进行关联分析。结果表明,共有14个SSR标记与5个性状相关联,有16个SRAP标记与4个性状相关联。其中,1个SSR标记、15个SRAP标记与鲜重相关联;12个SSR标记和1个SRAP标记与株高相关联;12个SSR标记、1个SRAP标记与茎粗相关联;11个SRAP标记与粗蛋白含量相关联,分别只有1个SSR标记与叶宽、粗灰分含量相关联。关联分析能够有效地找到与部分性状相关联的标记,为柱花草种质鉴定、杂交育种及分子育种实践提供依据。 相似文献
11.
M. Zenkteler 《Plant Breeding》1990,105(3):221-228
The method of in-vitro fertilization of ovules can be successfully applied to various species of Brassincaceae. Mature embryos and plants were obtained after in-vitro pollinating the ovules of Arabis caucasica, Brassica napus, B. oleracea var. sabellica (kale), B. oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Moricandia arvensis and Sisymbrium Loeselli. In the case of Sinapis alba fertilization and embryo development did not occur. The same method has been successfully used for obtaining hybrid immature embryos at different stages of development from crosses between B. napus X D. tenuifolia, B. napus X M. arvensis, B. oleracea var. italica X D. tenuifolia, D. tenuifolia x B. napus, D. tenuifolia. X M. arvensis and D. tenuifolia X S. Loeselli. The present findings show that in-vitro pollination of ovules of various species of Brassicaceae makes it possible to (a) perform the whole process of fertilization and embryogenesis; and (b) obtain intergeneric hybrid embryos. 相似文献
12.
Several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes of apple have been cloned and their response to different pathogens has been studied. Different PR genes, however, may have a variable response depending on the specific organ or tissue as well as microbe. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression of specific apple PR genes in fruit tissues in response to the antagonistic yeast, Candida oleophila (a common postharvest biocontrol agent), and the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea (a major postharvest pathogen). Apple PR-5 and PR-8 gene expression was characterized in fruit in response to C. oleophila and B. cinerea. Results indicated that PR-8 expression was significantly elevated in response to both fungi. In contrast, neither C. oleophila nor B. cinerea treatment markedly affected PR-5 expression. The PR-8 gene was then synthesized and cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression system to study the antifungal activity of the PR-8 protein against B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the PR-8 gene of apple is associated with the response to B. cinerea infection, and may play a role in the mechanism by which C. oleophila effectively inhibits B. cinerea disease in apple fruit, namely by the induction of this specific host PR gene. 相似文献
13.
为了研究灰分对煤自燃能力的影响作用,利用绝热氧化实验装置对不同灰分含量煤样进行升温氧化实验,采用R70、TCPT、B 3种指标表征灰分含量对煤样自发氧化过程的影响。结果表明：1）灰分含量越大,煤样低温氧化阶段温升速率越小,温升加速点温度越高,煤样的自发氧化过程越慢,煤越不易自燃;灰分含量大于40%后,煤自燃倾向性快速减弱。温升加速点是反应微观信息的零活化能温度的宏观累计结果,具有直观且滞后的特点。灰分越大,滞后越明显,温差越大。2）R70、TCPT、B 3种指标与灰分关系表现为二次函数。R70和TCPT两种指标显示灰分越大,自燃倾向性越弱,与实践经验相符。受水分权重影响,B指标显示煤样在灰分小于40%时,灰分越大,煤样自燃倾向性越强,这与实践经验相悖。因此,B在判定灰分对煤样自燃倾向性的影响时具有一定的局限性。 相似文献
14.
Yield Performance of Wheat Isolines with Different Dosages of the Short Arm of Rye Chromosome 1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Translocations of the short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome 1 (1RS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pavon 76) are known to increase root biomass. Such an increase enhances water and nutrient uptake and may improve grain yield. Two greenhouse experiments and a field experiment were carried out at the University of California, Riverside, in 2012 and 2013 under well‐watered and terminal drought treatments to evaluate phenotypic characters associated with varying dosages of 1RS, including grain yield. The genotypes used were cultivar Pavon 76 (R0), Pavon 76/Pavon1RS.1AL (F1 hybrid) with a single dosage of 1RS (R1A), Pavon 1RS.1AL with two dosages of 1RS (R2A), Pavon 1RS.1DL (R2D) also with two dosages of 1RS and Pavon 1RS.1AL‐1RS.1DL (R4AD) with four dosages of 1RS. There was a significant positive correlation between number of dosages of 1RS and root biomass. However, no correlation was found between root biomass and grain yield per plant. Drought in the field experiment reduced grain yield significantly. Under well‐watered field conditions, grain yield of R2A (215.9 g plant?1) was significantly greater than those of R2D (191.8 g plant?1) and R4AD (161.7 g plant?1). Also, grain yield of R4AD was significantly less than those of F1, Pavon 76 and R2D under well‐watered conditions. Under drought field conditions, no significant differences were found among the genotypes for grain yield was found between F1 (14.7 g plant?1) and R4AD (12.4 g plant?1). Harvest index was significantly greater in well‐watered (44.2 %) than in drought (34.6 %) field conditions. On average, genotypes F1 (42.3 %) and R2A (40.6 %) had higher harvest index than R2D (38.3 %) and R4AD (35.5 %) in the field. Also, Pavon 76 (40.2) and R2D (38.3) had higher harvest index than R4AD. Drought tolerance was lowest for R4AD due to its relatively lower grain yield potential. In general, Pavon 1RS.1AL carrying two dosages of 1RS showed higher grain yield under wet treatments. Pavon 1RS.1AL‐1RS.1DL carrying four dosages of 1RS produced the largest shoot and root biomasses, but the least grain yield. 相似文献
15.
Summary Allelic frequencies at 10 loci common throughout the genus Glycine subgenus Soja were determined for 27 geographical area-species samples. The samples included 366 accessions of Glycine soja, the wild soybean, and 193 accessions of G. max, the domesticated soybean, from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. The data indicate that the alleles for grey pubescence (t
1), low seed coat peroxidase level (ep), and blunt pubescence tip (pb) probably arose as mutations during the domestication of G. max. The remaining seven loci studied(Fr, Pa
1, Pa
2, Fg
1, Fg
2, Fg
3and Fg
4)are polymorphic throughout the subgenus Soja; differences among collections of G. max and G. soja seem to be the result of differing selection pressures. A cluster analysis of allelic frequencies reveals two distinct groups within the subgenus corresponding to G. soja and G. max, Semi-wild accessions of G. max, while morphologically more similar to cultivated plants, clustered with samples of G. soja. The semi-wild accessions examined are thought to have arisen via hybridization between G. soja and G. max.Joint contribution: North Central Region, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Journal Paper No. J-9868 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa 50011; Project 2107. 相似文献
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Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) controlled by a complex and multiallelic S locus. The pistil-part product of the S locus is the polymorphic ribonuclease, S-RNase. Information on S-genotypes is important for the production and breeding of Japanese pears. Molecular analyses of S-genotypes of Japanese pear have been conducted with the CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) system; PCR amplification of S-RNase fragments by a common primer pair followed by digestion with restriction enzymes each of which cleaves a specific S haplotype. Here, we show that the separation of S-RNase fragments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) distinguishes four out of nine S haplotypes of Japanese pear without restriction digestion. S3-, S5-, S6- and S8-RNases were identified as distinct bands by PAGE. S3- and S5-RNases were separated by PAGE despite their identical fragment sizes. Using this system, three Japanese pear lines with unknown S-genotypes were analyzed. The newly determined S-genotypes of the lines were confirmed by CAPS analysis. 相似文献
17.
Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important industrial oilseed crop grown worldwide. Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ricini is a devastating disease in castor. The inheritance mode of wilt resistance was investigated. The F1, F2 and backcross generations of four crosses involving four resistant and three susceptible parents were developed. The role of digenic (R1 and R2) epistatic interactions on wilt resistance was confirmed. The 15 : 1, 9 : 7 and 13 : 3 ratios indicated duplicate dominant, duplicate recessive and dominant and recessive epistatic interactions, respectively. Castor parents used in the crosses exhibited varied inheritance modes. All generations of a cross exhibited similar inheritance mode when parents were comparable. However, generations varied in inheritance mode when parents were not comparable in inheritance mode. These results would have practical interest when decisions are required regarding the choice of parents and methodology in resistance and hybrid breeding. The results also provided a basis for investigating molecular genetics of wilt resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
18.
In most northeast Argentinean citrus packing houses, postharvest fungicide treatments are based on the use of thiabendazole and imazalil. However, these fungicides have been used in a manner highly conducive to the selection and proliferation of resistant biotypes of Penicillium digitatum, the main fruit decay fungus in the area. Recently, a new fungicide, pyrimethanil (PYR), was introduced to control molds. Aims of this study were to determine the baseline sensitivities for PYR against isolates of P. digitatum considering its use in the region is not yet widespread and to evaluate the control of the fungus in vivo. One hundred and nine (109) P. digitatum isolates were collected from diseased fruit within citrus groves (43 isolates) and packing houses (66 isolates). EC50 was determined for each isolate by measuring colony diameters on different agar dilutions of the fungicide. The mean EC50 value of the green mold isolates collected from the groves was 0.14 ± 0.03 mg L−1 while the mean EC50 of those collected from packing houses was 0.13 ± 0.05 mg L−1. No resistant isolates were found in the field where the fungicide is not used, while one isolate originated from a packing house showed an EC50 of 3.40 mg L−1, 26-fold higher than the mean level. This isolate was collected from lemons stored in cool rooms of a packing house where PYR had not been used. Fruit decay by sensitive isolates was reduced approximately 80% by PYR applied at 500–600 mg L−1 by immersion for 60 s at room temperature to inoculated oranges and mandarins. In contrast, the resistant isolate was not controlled by PYR applied at 1000 mg L−1. Thus, the introduction of PYR applied into packing houses should be done carefully and control strategies should be implemented in order to minimize the development of resistant isolates. 相似文献
19.
添加硝酸钙对池塘沉积物中理化因子的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为减少池塘底泥对养殖水环境的影响,以硝酸钙和养殖池塘底泥沉积物为研究对象,采用模拟试验方法,探讨了添加硝酸钙对池塘沉积物理化因子的影响。结果表明：添加硝酸钙后,表层沉积物间隙水中NH4+-N浓度持续降低,最终降至初始值的14.78%;同时可以显著降低表层和深层沉积物间隙水中的PO43--P的浓度,在表层降低的幅度较大,第7~28天可降低超过85%的PO43--P。试验结果表明,添加硝酸钙可以显著改善池塘底泥沉积物中NH4+-N和PO43--P的含量,研究结果对减少池塘底泥沉积物的修复具有积极的生态学意义。 相似文献
20.
Self‐incompatibility in Brassicaceae plants is sporophytically controlled by a single multi‐allelic locus (S locus), which contains at least three highly polymorphic genes expressed in the stigma (SLG and SRK) and in the pollen (SCR/SP11). Using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis with SXG‐specific primer pairs, the S haplotypes of F1 hybrid and open‐pollinated commercial cultivars of Brassica rapa were identified. The number of S haplotypes detected in the F1 hybrid cultivars of Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, pak‐choi, turnip, open‐pollinated cultivars of Chinese cabbage and turnip were 9, 9, 4, 11, 13 and 12, respectively. Nine of them had different PCR‐RFLP profiles from those of the S‐tester lines that determined the SLG sequences. Four SLG sequences in the F1 hybrid cultivars were determined and named S53, S54, S55 and S56, respectively. It is demonstrated that the PCR‐RFLP analysis using specific primer pairs of SLG and SRK is useful for identification of the S haplotypes, in both, S homozygous and S heterozygous plants of B. rapa. The possibility of using this method routinely in breeding programmes, and in the evaluation of F1 hybrid seed purity, is discussed. 相似文献