共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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脱毒小薯原原种粒级,密度,品种熟性对一级原种繁殖的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用马铃薯脱毒小薯不同粒级，不同密度，不同品种熟性三因子三水平正交试验，研究了原原种对一级原种的产量、单株平均结薯数及＜２５ｇ小薯所占比率的影响。结果表明：当早熟、结薯少、薯块均匀的品种原原种播种密度在１．２万株／亩以上，晚熟和中晚熟、结薯较多薯块不均匀品种在１．０～１．２万株／亩之间，且播种粒级大于０．５ｇ／粒时，一级原种繁殖方可收到既高产又具较高的繁殖系数和较低用种量的效果。 相似文献
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为加快高产、高抗晚疫病的国审马铃薯新品种"鄂马铃薯5号"的推广应用,进一步降低马铃薯脱毒种薯的生产成本,本试验在高海拔地区(1 880 m)对标准原种(≥5g)的高效生产进行了初步试验。试验对脱毒原原种以不同的密度进行栽培,统计标准原种的产量及效益。试验结果为:原原种的种植密度每667 m2为32 000株时,标准原种产量及效益最高,分别达14.22万粒和10 220元。试验结果还表明:随着种植密度的增大,低重量标准种薯的比例逐渐增加,尤其是5~15 g的种薯比例增加较大,标准种薯的平均单薯重逐渐降低,以利减少种薯的运输成本。 相似文献
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选用早熟品种‘荷兰15号’和中晚熟品种‘克新13号’的脱毒原原种为试验材料,分别探讨原原种块茎大小对马铃薯的农艺性状、繁殖系数和产量性状的影响。研究结果表明:‘荷兰15号’原原种,株高对种薯总产的直接作用最大;‘克新13号’原原种,保苗率和株高对种薯总产的直接作用最大。‘荷兰15号’原原种的块茎大小在10~20 g时,繁殖系数最高,原原种的块茎大小在5~20 g时,其种薯的商品薯产量和总产最高。‘克新13号’原原种的块茎大小在7~15 g时繁殖系数、商品薯产量和总产均最高。 相似文献
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选用早熟品种‘荷兰15号’和中晚熟品种‘克新13号’的脱毒原原种为试验材料,分别探讨原原种块茎大小对马铃薯的农艺性状、繁殖系数和产量性状的影响。研究结果表明：‘荷兰15号’原原种,株高对种薯总产的直接作用最大;‘克新13号’原原种,保苗率和株高对种薯总产的直接作用最大。‘荷兰15号’原原种的块茎大小在10－20 g时,繁殖系数最高,原原种的块茎大小在5－20 g时,其种薯的商品薯产量和总产最高。‘克新13号’原原种的块茎大小在7－15 g时繁殖系数、商品薯产量和总产均最高。 相似文献
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马铃薯试管苗及顶芽扦插原原种产量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解脱毒马铃薯试管苗及顶芽扦插生产原原种情况,探索一种高效、高产生产马铃薯原原种的方法,对川芋早和米拉试管苗移栽到基质(V锯末:V细土=1:2)30、45 d后剪取顶芽(带有3~5片叶),将顶芽扦插在相同基质的防虫大棚网室内。分品种比较一次扦插苗(第一次顶芽)、二次扦插苗(第二次顶芽)、剪取一次的试管苗、剪取二次的试管苗、未作处理的试管苗(对照)的各自的产量及其形态指标。结果表明:一次扦插苗平均单粒重最大,川芋早每粒为4.0 g,米拉为3.7 g,极显著高于剪取一次顶芽后的试管苗、剪取二次顶芽后的试管苗和二次扦插苗。对照单株结薯数最高,川芋早每株为3.9个,米拉为4.0个,显著高于剪取二次顶芽后的试管苗、二次扦插苗、一次扦插苗。剪取顶芽能显著增加由一株试管苗繁殖的1 g以上原原种个数,剪取一次顶芽和剪取两次顶芽繁殖的1 g以上原原种个数差异不显著。对移栽的试管苗可以剪取一次顶芽,并将顶芽作为扦插苗生产原原种,此方法能显著增加原原种产量。 相似文献
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脱毒马铃薯原原种高山大田繁种技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
脱毒马铃薯种薯生产过程中 ,为保证质量 ,防病害感染 ,常常采用网棚隔离 ,繁殖原原种。青海农林科学院生物技术中心 ,于 1999～ 2 0 0 1年依靠青海特殊的自然地理条件 ,采用微型薯大田直播技术 ,在严格控制管理的条件下 ,生产出来的原原种 ,经检测主要病毒均为 0。利用大田繁殖 相似文献
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Summary Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation in crops from minitubers of five weight classes (ranging from 0.13–0.25
g to 2.00–3.99 g) and conventional seed tubers were studied in field experiments in three years. Multiplication factors were
calculated as the number and weight of progeny tubers produced per planted tuber or per unit planted tuber weight. They were
lower for the lighter minitubers when calculated per tuber and higher when calculated per weight. Yield variation was described
by coefficients of variation for the number and weight of progeny tubers produced. Variation over individual plants of a crop
was higher in stands from the lighter minitubers. Variation over plots within a field was sometimes higher for the lighter
minitubers, but variation over years was similar for all minituber classes. Variation over plots in progeny tuber weight was
higher for minitubers than for conventional tubers. 相似文献
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在内蒙古乌兰察布盟后山地区武川原种基地，对各级种薯生产技术及其良繁体系进行了系统的研究。现已明确：在开放条件下生产脱毒小薯（原原种），产量可达８０７３～９４６５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，种薯产量和质量不低于温、网室生产的脱毒小薯；不同薯重的脱毒小薯旱坡地直播效果，以１０ｇ和８～１０ｇ薯重的效果好，产量和商品率均高；１级种薯在不同旱地类型种植的增产效果，以旱滩地的产量最高，其次为旱坡地，分别比对照（未脱毒）增产７１．２８％、１７１．２８％；８月上旬为有翅桃蚜迁飞盛期，从７月上旬迁飞初期开始喷药防蚜，防治效果显著；在乌盟后山半农半牧地区以原原种、原种、１、２级种薯建立的３级脱毒良种繁育体系符合该地区的生产实际，能达到留种和保种的快速、优质、高产、低成本的效果。经过６年示范推广，现已在武川等３个旗县普及，累计各级种薯种植面积达到２．３２万ｈｍ２，平均单产３万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２左右，生产出各级种薯及商品薯６９８５万ｋｇ，累计创造社会财富７１５０万元。 相似文献
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以马铃薯晚熟品种“下寨６５”为试验材料,研究了离体诱导微型薯直播田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒田间１～５代种薯的质量和效率。结果表明,生育阶段比同品种网室繁殖脱毒小薯同代脱毒种薯略迟;生长势、株高、茎粗、主茎分枝数、单株叶面积、根系数、匍匐茎数和匍匐茎长度等生长发育指标,ＰＶＸ、ＰＶＹ、ＰＬＲＶ和ＰＶＡ等重要病毒害发病率及病情指数,干腐病和软腐病发病率,晚疫病发病率和叶面枯死率相同;未发现环腐病和黑经病。单薯重量平均４５．１ｇ,随田间种植代数增加而增大;单株结薯数、单位面积结薯数逐代减小,脱毒田间１～４代单株产量和单位面积产量逐代增加,繁殖效率与脱毒小薯相同,故离体诱导微型薯田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒种薯是经济有效且切实可行的。 相似文献
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Jaime Barros da Silva Filho Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez Jose Soares de Lacerda Paulo Roberto Cecon Milton E. McGiffenJr 《American Journal of Potato Research》2018,95(6):687-695
In hydroponics, nutrient management is the limiting factor to obtaining optimal production, and nitrogen (N) is the key component to consider when optimizing nutrient management in these types of systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate different combinations of N fertilizer concentrations in order to optimize the yield of basic seed potato minitubers in a three-phase hydroponic system. Treatments consisted of five combinations of N concentrations, applied before and after 21 days after plant transplant as follows, respectively: 1) 13 and 13, 2) 13 and 0, 3) 13 and 7.8, 4) 13 and 16, and 5) 13 and 26 mmol L?1. Propagation was performed by transplanting 3–4 cm potato plantlets cv. Agata from sprouts. There were significant effects of N treatments on all measured variables (root, leaf, stem, and plant dry weight and minituber number and weight). To obtain the maximum minituber number yield, 9.51 minitubers/plant, corresponding to 67 minitubers/m2, post 21-day adjusted N concentration was 18.4 mmol/L. Treatment 4 promoted higher basic seed potato minituber yield in a three-phase hydroponic system. 相似文献
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Summary A greenhouse minituber production system involving low inputs of in vitro potato plantlets and propagation media is described,
in vitro plantlets of six potato cultivars were sectioned into nodal cuttings and separately planted into moist peat based
growing medium in shallow plastic trays. Cultivar differences were evident with respect to node viability, shoot regrowth
and minituber yields. Nodal viability for shoot regrowth varied between 80–100%. Maximum shoot heights were recorded with
whole in vitro plantlets (WIP) and the terminal Node-5 cluster. All cuttings produced minitubers. The terminal Node-5 cutting
and WIP produced significantly larger minitubers >3.0 g as compared to single node cuttings. Greater numbers of minitubers
were produced by the cvs Norchip, Red Pontiac and Conestoga as compared to cvs Eramosa. G8610-4PY and Shepody. Total numbers
of minitubers were 3 to 5 times higher from each in vitro plantlet that was sectioned into nodal cuttings as compared with
intact WIP: the yield ratios depended on cultivar. 相似文献
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试验测定了不同生理年龄微型薯的干物质含量、含糖量、淀粉含量及其发芽势,研究了微型薯生理年龄对植株生物量、商品产量及总产量的影响。结果表明,微型薯经过贮藏,含水量逐渐下降,干物质含量上升,淀粉所占比重也有所提高,而含糖量在冷藏条件下上升,在常温条件下贮藏下降。在一定贮藏阶段内,随着时间的延长,微型薯的发芽势逐渐增强,达到一定时间后,发芽势又逐渐下降。生理年龄较老的微型薯播种后出苗快,植株分枝较多,易衰老;生理年龄较短的微型薯播种后出苗晚,主茎少,生长期长。在中原二季作地区由于适于马铃薯生长的气候条件较短,以生理年龄壮龄或较老的微型薯作为种子,结薯个数较多,薯重较大,产量高;而生理年龄较短的微型薯所结薯块个数少,重量较轻,产量低。 相似文献
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Britta Kowalski Felipe Jimenez Terry Lidcay Herrera Daniel Agramonte Peñalver 《Potato Research》2006,49(3):167-176
The aim of this work was to investigate whether the application of soluble chitosan in potato micropropagation can improve
microplant quality in vitro, help acclimatisation ex vitro, and increase yield and seed quality of minitubers. Potato cv.
Désirée microplants were treated in vitro with soluble chitosan added to the semisolid tissue culture medium in different
concentrations. Microplants were subsequently transferred to the greenhouse and sprayed with chitosan solutions or remained
unsprayed. Untreated microplants were also established ex vitro and sprayed with chitosan, or left unsprayed as a control.
Morphological and physiological parameters of plant growth were assessed in vitro and ex vitro. Plantlet quality was evaluated
using a ranking system. Minitubers derived from greenhouse plantlets were planted in the field in subtropical conditions,
and growth and yield parameters evaluated. The chitosan concentration most beneficial to the in vitro growth of microplants
varied between years. In treatments with the best in vitro growth, minituber number and yield in the greenhouse was also increased.
Foliar chitosan application at the acclimatisation phase stabilised the effect of in vitro treatment on yield parameters.
The seed quality of minitubers derived from chitosan treatments in vitro alone and in combination with foliar treatment at
acclimatisation was improved, giving rise to field plants with increased tuber numbers and yields. The combination of chitosan
in vitro and foliar application during the acclimatisation phase ex vitro had a greater effect on minituber seed quality than
the concentration applied in vitro. 相似文献
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内蒙古自治区是我国马铃薯重要的种薯生产基地，从７０年代初期开始研究脱毒种薯生产技术，８０年代已在生产上大面积推广应用，增产效果极为显著。内蒙古农科院马铃薯小作物所在原有研究工作的基础上，在ＵＮＤＰ及农业部两项目的资助下，对脱毒小薯快速繁育的一些关键技术措施进行了系统的研究。现已研究出一套快速繁育脱毒小薯的生产技术：试管苗采用简化培养基切段快繁，脱毒苗剪枝扦插快速育苗，基础苗以蛭石为基质采用Ａ２营养液４ｄ浇灌１次或６ｄ１次，以肥土为基质网室栽植育成的脱毒苗密度３万株／ｈｍ２左右，５６ｄ收获，收后栽于原地可再收脱毒小薯１～２次；并于８月上旬有翅桃蚜迁飞极盛期前割蔓，提早收获，以防止桃蚜危害并可预防晚疫病发生。采取这些配套的快速、丰产、低成本、优质的繁育技术措施，可为规模化生产脱毒种薯提供大批量的１０ｇ左右的优质脱毒小薯（原原种）。 相似文献