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1.
[Objective] The study was to analyze the karyotype of Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City of Shandong Province. [Method] The root tip of A.macrostemon was pretreated with 8-hydroxyquinoline solution, fixed, dissociated and stained for preparing the glass slide to reveal the chromosome number via the microscopic examination; the sparse cells with good chromosome morphology were photographed under microscope. [Result] Allium macrostemon Bunge in Laizhou City introduced in this study was triploid; its somatic chromosome number was 24 and karyotype formula was K(2n)=3x=24m(2SAT)+1Bs, thus the karyotype belongs to 1A type. One of the chromosome No. 3 contained satellite, and chromosome deletion may be existed in one of the chromosome No. 5. In addition, B chromosome was observed in some cells. [Conclusion] This introduction of triploid A.macrostemon found in China was the first time. 相似文献
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ZHANG Cheng-he ZHU Hai-yan LI Xiao-feng SHEN Shu-xing CHEN Xue-ping MAN Hong XUAN Shu-xin 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(9):655-660
Selection of primary trisomics of the cabbage （Brassica oleracea var.capitata L） forms an important basis for gene chromosome mapping and for other genetic studies. The cabbage self-fertilization line - 9601 was used as material, using the root-tip cell chromosome number and pollen mother cell chromosome number identification and karyotype analysis to select the primary trisomics from the progenies of 3x x 2x in the cabbage. Many aneuploid plants with one or two extra chromosomes were obtained and a set of primary trisomics （Tri-1, Tri-2, Tri-3, Tri-4, Tri-5, Tri-6, Tri-7, Tri-8, and Tri-9, in which the Tri-1 and Tri-4 were from 2n＋2 plants and others from 2n＋ 1 plants） was acquired from these plants. Each trisomic exhibited some unique features, such as plant height, plant type, leaf type, size of flower bud, and inflorescence. The triploid crossing by the diploid is a convenient and effective way to select trisomics in the cabbage. 相似文献
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DENG Zu-hu ZHANG Mu-qing LIN Wei-le CHENG Fu ZHANG Chui-ming LI Yu-chang LAI Li-ping LIN Yan-quan CHEN Ru-kai 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(9):1271-1277
Erianthus arundinaceus is an important, closely related genus of Saccharum officinarum L. It is therefore important to understand how the chromosomes are transmitted when it hybridizes with sugarcane. The hybrids and backcross progenies of S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus and their parents were used for Karyotype analysis and to study the law of chromosome transmission. The results showed that the somatic chromosome number of both of the E. arundinaceus Hainan92-105 and Hainan92-77 were 2n = 60 = 60sm, belonging to type 1 A, and the BC1 YC01-21 was 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm, belonging to type 2C. The other six tested clones belonged to type 2B. The both F1s YC96-66 and YC96-40 that originated from Badila （2n = 80 = 70m ＋ 10sm） with E. Arundinaceus were 2n = 70 = 68m ＋ 2sm, which suggests an n ＋ n transmission. The cross between YC96-66 （female parent） and CP84-1198 （male parent, 2n = 120 = 114m ＋ 6sm） also followed the same genetic law and the somatic chromosome number of their progeny, YC01-3 （2n = 105 = 95m ＋ 10sm）. The cross derived from YC96- 40 （female） and CP84-1198 （male）, YC01-21 had 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm chromosomes, following the same genetic law of n ＋ n. However, YC01-36 had 2n = 132 = 130m ＋ 2sm chromosomes, which suggests a 2n ＋ n chromosome transmission. It can be inferred that the inheritance of chromosomes was very complex in the BC1. The difference in chromosome number between clones was as high as 28. This could be explained by the 2n ＋ n transmission of chromosomes. In addition, as there was not be a regular number of haploids, this phenomenon is termed as disequilibrium hybridization. 相似文献
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普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系T6BS·6BL-2VS的选育(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[Objective] The aim of experiment was to provide a new germplasm for wheat breeding by further using desirable genes in 2V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa.[Method] Through hybridization between common wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Haynaldia villosa disomic substitution line and common wheat Nonglin26-3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis disomic addition line,the analysis methods such as chromosome C-banding,genomic in situ hybridization and molecular marker technique were comprehensively applied and combined characters investigation.[Result] The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line(T6BS·6BL-2VS)was selected from hybrid progenies to conduct characters investigation,which found some bristles on glume ridge of T6BS·6BL-2VS.[Conclusion] The translocation line induced by gametocidal chromosome was a small segment translocation line and the gene of bristle on glume ridge of Haynaldia villosa was located between the middle and the terminal of 2VS. 相似文献
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MAO Pei-sheng HUANG Ying WANG Xin-guo MENG Lin MAO Pei-cbun ZHANG Guo-fang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(11):1553-1560
Elytrigia Desv. is widely distributed throughout the world and is represented with species of various levels of ploidy including diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, octaploids, and decaploids. The distribution pattern of these ploidy levels, however, is not well-defined. In this study, the levels of ploidy for 64 accessions of Elytrigia from 25 countries were determined with microscopic procedures. The results showed that accessions of E. intermedia and E. repens were grouped into three distinct levels of ploidy including diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids. For E. elongata, E. pontica, and E. caespitosa, it was found that two ploidy levels presented, and only one ploidy level was in those of E. hybrid, E. pycnantha, E. pungens, E. juncea, and E. alatavica. Karyotype analysis indicated that the karyotype formula of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid of E. intermedia was 2n = 2x = 14 = 6m ＋ 6sm ＋ 2st, 2n = 4x = 28 = 2M ＋ 10m ＋ 16sm and 2n = 6x = 42 = 4M ＋ 18m ＋ 20sin, respectively. Furthermore, the karyotype formula of three germplasms in tetraploid of E. intermedia was 2n=4x=28 =2M＋ 10m＋ 16sm, 2n=4x=28=4M＋22m （sat）＋2sm and 2n=4x=28 =4M＋ 12m＋ 12sm （sat）, which were not completely uniform. Therefore, it could be suggested that the studies about chromosome constitution would be helpful for the detail understanding of the diversity of germplasm resource in Elytrigia and promoting the utilization in the crop molecular breeding. 相似文献
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《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of experiment was to provide a new germplasm for wheat breeding by further using desirable genes in 2V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa.[Method] Through hybridization between common wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Haynaldia villosa disomic substitution line and common wheat Nonglin26-3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis disomic addition line,the analysis methods such as chromosome C-banding,genomic in situ hybridization and molecular marker technique were comprehensively applied and combined characters investigation.[Result] The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line(T6BS·6BL-2VS)was selected from hybrid progenies to conduct characters investigation,which found some bristles on glume ridge of T6BS·6BL-2VS.[Conclusion] The translocation line induced by gametocidal chromosome was a small segment translocation line and the gene of bristle on glume ridge of Haynaldia villosa was located between the middle and the terminal of 2VS. 相似文献
7.
[Objective] The aim of experiment was to provide a new germplasm for wheat breeding by further using desirable genes in 2V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa.[Method] Through hybridization between common wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Haynaldia villosa disomic substitution line and common wheat Nonglin26-3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis disomic addition line,the analysis methods such as chromosome C-banding,genomic in situ hybridization and molecular marker technique were comprehensively applied and combined characters investigation.[Result] The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line(T6BS·6BL-2VS)was selected from hybrid progenies to conduct characters investigation,which found some bristles on glume ridge of T6BS·6BL-2VS.[Conclusion] The translocation line induced by gametocidal chromosome was a small segment translocation line and the gene of bristle on glume ridge of Haynaldia villosa was located between the middle and the terminal of 2VS. 相似文献
8.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(2)
[Objective] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp.[Method] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized culture system.[Result] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in nauplius,then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period,both heterobacteria in larvae,vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude,while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude.There were many heterobacteria and vibrios but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait.The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0.704 and 0.840 in culture system respectively,while the correlation among heterobacteria,vibrios in living bait and larvae,water were weak or negative.[Conclusion] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period,and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus,besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system. 相似文献
9.
Study on the Quantity Dynamic Changes of Heterobacteria and Vibrios in Larvae Industrialized Culture System 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
MA Yan LI Jian WANG Bin WANG Qun LIU Qi. College of Life Sciences Technology Dalian Fisheries University Dalian . Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources Ministry of Agriculture Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Qingdao 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(2)
[Objective] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp.[Method] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized culture system.[Result] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in nauplius,then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period,both heterobacteria in larvae,vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude,while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude.There were many heterobacteria and vibrios but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait.The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0.704 and 0.840 in culture system respectively,while the correlation among heterobacteria,vibrios in living bait and larvae,water were weak or negative.[Conclusion] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period,and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus,besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system. 相似文献
10.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells. 相似文献
11.
[目的]研究烟台绵枣儿的染色体数目和核型情况。[方法]取绵枣儿根尖,用8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理后,固定、解离、染色后制片,镜检并统计染色体数目。然后选用染色体形态好且分散的细胞,在显微镜下拍照分析。[结果]烟台绵枣儿的体细胞染色体数目为2n=16+1Bs,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=16+1Bs=6m+4sm(2SAT)+4st+2t+1Bs,核型分类为"3B"型。[结论]对烟台绵枣儿从核型比较、细胞型划分、种的进化等方面进行探讨,为细胞遗传学、进化遗传学、现代分类学、遗传育种等提供研究依据。 相似文献
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[目的]研究神农架自然保护区宜昌百合染色体核型,为研究宜昌百合遗传多样性、起源及系统演化提供一定的细胞学依据。[方法]采用常规制片法对神农架保护区的宜昌百合进行染色体核型分析。[结果]神农架保护区宜昌百合染色体数目为2n=2x=24,染色体基数x=12,染色体核型公式为K（2n）=2x=24=4m（2SAT）＋2sm＋8st＋10 t,主要由端部和近端部着丝点染色体组成。染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=4L＋4M2＋14M1＋2S,核型不对称系数为79.66%,属于＂3B＂型。[结论]神农架宜昌百合在百合属植物系统演化上处于比较进化的类型。 相似文献
15.
胡建斌 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,25(3):217-219
在对亚比棉异源四倍体[A2A2G1G1]研究的基础上,对亲本[A2×(AD)1]和三元杂种[A2A2G1G1]×[A2×(AD)1]进行了形态学和核型分析。形态学分析表明:在23个性状当中,有26.1%的性状趋向于母本,有13.1%的性状趋向于父本,21.7%的性状为与父母本相同的性状,13.1%的性状表现为中间性状,26.0%的性状表现为超亲性状。核型分析表明:异源多倍体[A2×(AD)1]体细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为2n=4x=52=50(2SAT)+2sm属1B型;三元杂种[A2A2G1G1]×[A2×(AD)1]体细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为2n=4x=52=40m(4SAT)+12sm(2SAT)属2A型。 相似文献
16.
[目的]分析新疆荒漠十字花科植物粗果庭芥(Alyssum dasycarpum Steph.ex Willd.)的核型特征.[方法]以粗果庭芥根尖细胞为实验材料,采用常规压片法对细胞染色体数目、大小核型及倍性进行分析.[结果]该物种的染色体数目为2n=16,基数=8,二倍体;全部为中着丝粒染色体(m),染色体长度比为2.283,臂比＞2的染色体比为0,核型公式为2n=2x=16 =16 m,染色体组型属Stebbins核型分类中的“1B”类型,不对称系数为57.07;,低于60;,对称性高;核型分析过程中,未观察到随体存在.[结论]推测粗果庭芥在系统演化上可能属于较原始的种类. 相似文献
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[目的]分析紫色洋葱和白色洋葱的核型并比较他们的异同点,为进一步研究洋葱遗传改良奠定基础,为培育洋葱新品种提供理论依据。[方法]运用传统的压片技术制备洋葱根尖细胞染色体标本后进行核型分析。[结果]通过对紫色洋葱和白色洋葱根尖细胞的核型分析,发现2种洋葱的染色体数均为2n=2x=16,其中均未发现具有随体的染色体。通过对白色洋葱的染色体进行测量和计算发现其核型均属进化程度较低的2A型,核型公式为2n=2x=16=14m+2St(SAT),核型不对称系数58.67%;而紫色洋葱的染色体制片由于无明显着丝粒,故有待于进一步的研究。[结论]2种洋葱的核型相似,说明两者的性状差异不是由染色体变异造成的,需要做进一步的研究;该试验得到的核型公式及核型不对称系数对我国洋葱品种资源的系统分类和遗传育种研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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[目的]分析紫色洋葱和白色洋葱的核型并比较他们的异同点,为进一步研究洋葱遗传改良奠定基础,为培育洋葱新品种提供理论依据。[方法]运用传统的压片技术制备洋葱根尖细胞染色体标本后进行核型分析。[结果]通过对紫色洋葱和白色洋葱根尖细胞的核型分析,发现两种洋葱的染色体数均为2n=2x=16,其中均末发现具有随体的染色体。通过对白色洋葱的染色体进行测量和计算发现其核型均属进化程度较低的2A型,核型公式为2n=2x=16=14m＋2St（SAT）,核型不对称系数58.67%;而紫色洋葱的染色体制片由于无明显的着丝粒,故有待于进一步的研究。[结论]2种洋葱的核型相似,说明两者的性状差异不是由染色体变异造成的,需要做进一步的研究;该试验得到的核型公式及核型不对称系数对我国洋葱品种资源的系统分类和遗传育种研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献