共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为了解硬粒小麦品种不同磨粉样品和不同类型间的淀粉品质特性,测定了2个硬粒小麦品种4种不同磨粉样品的膨胀势和5个不同类型品种的膨胀势和直链淀粉含量。结果表明,2个硬粒小麦品种不同磨粉样品的膨胀势均以淀粉最高;缺失4A型和7A型的硬粒小麦品种具有膨胀势高、直链淀粉含量低的特性。文中还对我国硬粒小麦品质改良作了讨论。 相似文献
2.
Nutritionally enhanced spaghetti was prepared from durum semolina fortified with 0–30% desi chickpea ‘besan’ flour. This study examined the dough rheology, processing ease and quality attributes of the fortified spaghetti including protein, starch, texture (firmness, resilience and stickiness), colour, cooking loss, and organoleptic acceptability. Chickpea-fortified spaghetti was acceptable to consumers, had reasonable pasta quality, including lower cooking loss and less stickiness than the control spaghetti and retained firmness better than durum after refrigeration. This study suggests that chickpea-fortified spaghetti may be suited to uses such as fresh pasta, in soups, canning, and microwave re-heating. In addition, this study has added to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pasta quality. The main findings were: (1) gluten content/composition appears to be more important than protein content for pasta firmness; (2) the protein–polysaccharide matrix appears to be more important than the starch composition for cooking loss; (3) increased protein and amylose contents were associated with decreased pasta stickiness; (4) cooking loss and stickiness were not necessarily as strongly related as commonly believed. Further research into these theories is necessary to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of pasta quality. 相似文献
3.
Angela L. Dennett Peter R. Schofield Jeremy E. Roake Neil K. Howes James Chin 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,49(3):393-397
Triticale (× Triticosecale Whittmack) and Triticum timopheevii have undergone little selection relative to other grains for quality characters, including starch amylose content. Using starch swelling power (SSP) in water and spectrophotometric analysis of the iodine binding ratio, 247 lines of triticale and 20 lines of T. timopheevii were screened for amylose content. Following this, the expression of the starch-forming protein granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) in triticale was investigated by SDS-PAGE in the eight highest and eight lowest SSP lines. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.8174) was found between iodine binding and SSP. The SSP of T. timopheevii lines ranged from 13.7 to 16.7, indicating an approximate range of amylose content from 28.1 to 33.8%: a small range within typical results from commercial wheat cultivars. The SSP of triticale ranged from 12.5 to 23.6 suggesting amylose content ranged from 12.8 to 35.1%: a much wider range reflecting the contribution of both the wheat and rye genomes. It appeared that expression of GBSS-4A was down-regulated in low amylose lines. Therefore there is significant potential to select for amylose content in triticale to increase quality in both the animal and human feed markets. 相似文献
4.
Romina Beleggia Cristiano Platani Giuseppe Spano Massimo Monteleone Luigi Cattivelli 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009
Although pasta is generally not considered for its aromatic properties, some evidence proves that cereal flours release volatile compounds and they might have an effect on the aroma of the transformed products. This work reports on the characterization of the volatile components of semolina and pasta obtained from four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf., cvs. PR22D89, Creso, Cappelli, Trinakria). Semolina samples were characterized through polar metabolite profiling and fatty acid analysis to identify potential precursors of the volatile components. The results show significant differences among the samples tested with cv. Trinakria characterized by the highest content of sugars and fatty acids. Volatile composition was investigated both in semolina and in cooked pasta using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified by GC–MS. Thirty-five volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons and a furan were identified. Significant differences were observed between semolina and pasta samples in terms of composition and amount of the volatile compounds. During cooking an increase in aldehyde content, the appearance of ketones and a decrease in alcohol content were observed. Correlations between metabolites and volatiles demonstrate that the flavour of cooked pasta may differ significantly depending on the durum wheat cultivar employed. 相似文献
5.
灌浆成熟期温度对水稻籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及品质的影响 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：30
选用蒸煮食味品质不同的3个粳稻品种，利用温室高温和自然常温，研究了灌浆成熟期温度对水稻籽粒淀粉合成关键酶活性及蒸煮食味品质的影响。结果表明，灌浆成熟期高温条件下，水稻籽粒蛋白质含量提高，直链淀粉含量和味度值降低，劣质品种提高或降低的程度大于优质品种；RVA谱特性对灌浆成熟期温度的反应因品种和特性而异；灌浆过程中，籽粒ADPG焦磷酸化酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶和淀粉分支酶活性随灌浆进程，酶活性逐渐增加，达到峰值以后，酶活性又逐渐下降，呈单峰曲线，但不同品种酶活性达到峰值的时间和同一时期的酶活性大小有差异；ADPG焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合成酶的活性表现对温度的影响反应较为迟钝，而淀粉分支酶活性表现对温度变化的反应较为敏感，温度过高过低都降低该酶活性。 相似文献
6.
Couscous is a traditional cereal product produced by rubbing durum semolina particles with water by hand, but can be produced by using pasta pressing technique. This study aimed to produce a short-cut pasta type couscous by substitution of semolina with undersize bulgur at 25, 50, 75 and 100%, by determining optimum parameters. Bulk density, cooking loss, volume and weight increases, protein and ash contents, color, sensory, texture and functional properties were determined. Couscous samples were prepared and dried using packed bed (60 and 80 °C) and microwave dryers (180 and 360 W) to determine optimum parameters. It was found that the quantity of bulgur flour was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) effective on the sensory attributes, bulk density, cooking loss, volume and weight increases, protein and ash contents in contrast to functional properties. Weight and volume increase values decreased with increasing quantity of bulgur flour. Couscous samples containing bulgur flour have higher protein than the control due to higher protein content of bulgur. According to texture profile, hardness of couscous containing bulgur flour was lower than the semolina control for each drying technique. Results revealed the fact that the production of pasta type couscous is possible using totally undersize bulgur instead of semolina. 相似文献
7.
High quality requirements are set on durum wheat (Triticum durum) from semolina mills and pasta producers. For the production of semolina and pasta with good cooking quality, high grain protein content and vitreosity is required. The dependency of vitreosity on protein content as well as its stability under the influence of humidity was not well investigated up to now. We (1) compared two methods to determine vitreosity, (2) investigated the relationship between vitreosity and protein content, (3) developed a method to analyze vitreosity under humidity, and (4) examined the relationship between protein content and agronomical as well as quality traits in durum wheat. The results showed that the formation of vitreous kernels greatly depends on the protein content. To evaluate the stability of vitreosity under the influence of humidity a new method was elaborated and employed to assess the durum germplasm under study. This revealed that vitreosity of a durum wheat variety depends on the potential to form vitreous kernels but also to maintain this vitreosity under the influence of humidity. Our results further show that protein content is a central trait in durum wheat that strongly influences important traits like grain yield, vitreosity, and b-value. 相似文献
8.
9.
Partial waxy (reduced amylose) and fully waxy (amylose-free) tetraploid durum wheats (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) were used to investigate the relationships between both intra- and inter-granular variation in amylose concentration and starch functionality. Starches isolated from each genotype (intra-granular amylose variants) were compared to those of commercially available hexaploid wild-type and waxy starches, and functionalities compared to blends (inter-granular variants) of durum waxy and wild-type starches of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, & 30% amylose content. Starch particle size distributions were not significantly different amongst partial waxy and wild-type genotypes; waxy samples had significantly smaller mean starch granule size. Few significant differences for crystallite melting and related intrinsic heat as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were observed. The detected differences in starch gel color or gel strength generally were observed for the waxy samples relative to wild-type. Numerous significant differences were observed via Rapid-Visco Analysis (RVA). Pasting peak viscosity and breakdown were inversely proportional to % amylose. Wx-B1 null final viscosity differed significantly from that of all other blends and genotypes, demonstrating that genotypic differences exist amongst the partial waxy types, independent of amylose concentration per se. 相似文献
10.
Effect of particle size and blend composition (wheat semolina: pearl millet flour) on quality of pasta were investigated in this study. Initially, the pasta was prepared from 100% pearl millet flour of different particle sizes (241–780 μm). Observation indicated that it was not possible to make pasta from 100% pearl millet flour as these disintegrated after cooking. Particle sizes of pearl millet flour showed significant effect on nutritional and cooking quality of pearl millet pasta. Pasta from pearl millet flour of particle size 425 μm had least cooking loss, high protein, iron and zinc contents. Further, with increase in the level of pearl millet flour in the blend composition, protein, ash and cooking loss of pasta increased whereas hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness showed decreasing trend. Blend composition (wheat semolina: pearl millet flour) in the ratio of 70:30 was found to be satisfactory for making pasta with desirable quality characteristics like cooking loss (<8%), protein content (>10%), ash content (<0.7%), colour and texture. However, with the objective of maximum incorporation of pearl millet flour in the final product, a blend composition of 50:50 could be used to make pasta with acceptable quality. 相似文献
11.
AS, HMT-AS and CS starches were studied for amylose content, swelling power, water absorption capacity, color, particle size (PSA), pasting profile (RVA) and thermal (DSC) properties. Based on the laboratory scale experiments, noodles with good expansion, minimum cooking time and firm texture were prepared. Noodles were successfully prepared from AS, HMT-AS and CS starches. Noodles prepared from native amaranth starch (AS) and heat moisture treated (HMT) were tested for different functional properties and compared to cornstarch noodles. Standardized noodles were evaluated for cooking loss, texture profile (TPA), sensory and micro-structural analysis by SEM. HMT-AS noodles had experience less cooking loss of 20.15 g/100 g in comparison to AS noodles (22.20 g/100 g). The HMT-AS based starch noodles shown firmer texture, along with augmented taste and distinct flavor in comparison to AS and CS noodles. 相似文献
12.
Functionality of chemically modified wild-type,partial waxy and waxy starches from tetraploid wheats
Partial waxy (reduced-amylose) and fully waxy (amylose-free) tetraploid durum wheats (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) were developed by introgression of null alleles at the Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 loci from common hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Purified starches were obtained from each genotype, and chemically modified by: 1) cross-linking with phosphorus oxychloride, 2) substitution with propylene oxide, and 3) sequential cross-linking with phosphorus oxychloride followed by substitution with propylene oxide. Functional properties were compared to blends of waxy and wild-type durum starches of known amylose contents. Significant differences in functionality were observed amongst the genotypes and blends after each modification. Waxy (0% amylose) and wild-type (30% amylose) typically were at the extremes of the observed ranges of functional properties. In general, the functional properties of the chemically modified starches were dependent upon amylose content. Starches from Wx-B1 null lines (24% amylose), were an exception. After substitution, such starches had the significantly highest value for RVA final viscosity, and generally performed in a manner similar to starch blends of 12–18% amylose. 相似文献
13.
小麦淀粉与面条质量关系的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
小麦淀粉品质对白盐面条的质量（尤其是煮后的感官特性）有重要影响。直链与支链淀粉的含量及比例是影响面条质量的重要因素,是造成不同小麦品种淀粉糊化和膨胀特性及面条质量差异的物质基础。较低直链淀粉含量的小麦粉具有较好的糊化和膨胀特性,制作的面条煮制时吸水率高,烹调损失低,具有较高的感官评分。优质白盐面条的直链淀粉含量应在22%左右。峰值黏度、稀懈值、峰值时间是影响面条质量的重要糊化参数,这3项参数高的小麦粉适合制作优质面条。高膨胀势或膨胀体积的小麦粉制作的面条中等偏软,光滑且富有弹性,可以作为面条用小麦的重要选择标准。一般认为,直链淀粉含量较低、峰值黏度和稀懈值高、峰值时间长、膨胀势或膨胀体积高的小麦粉适合制作优质白盐面条。其中,直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度和膨胀势是优质面条小麦评价的关键品质性状。 相似文献
14.
The present study focused on the quality traits of durum wheat grains (protein and content, gluten content, yellow pigment content), semolina (gluten index and yellow index) and pasta (firmness, yellow index, cooking time) obtained from 12 durum wheat genotypes grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration in an open field Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The aims were to evaluate the impact of elevated CO2 on durum wheat pasta making related traits as well as investigate genetic differences existing in a panel of old and modern cultivars. The protein content showed a not significant decrease (7%), the GC decreased significantly (13.3%), while the GI showed an increasing significant tendency (14%). The overall pasta quality (firmness and weight) worsened in ELE. Correlation between all traits and pasta firmness demonstrated that the decrease in pasta firmness under ELE was correlated with GPC and GC while it was not with the GI. All varieties, although to different extent, showed lower pasta firmness values compared to the ambient condition. Among the varieties tested, some were more sensitive than others to the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, a finding that can be exploited by breeding for designing novel genotypes with lower sensitivity to increased atmospheric CO2. 相似文献
15.
水稻籽粒蛋白质含量选择对杂种早代蒸煮食味品质的影响 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
选用品质和产量性状不同的4个粳稻品种配制2个杂交组合,研究籽粒蛋白质含量选择对水稻杂种早代蒸煮食味品质的影响。各品质性状变异系数的变化范围在9.73%~94.99%;直链淀粉含量与蛋白质含量间存在明显的动态关系;稻米味度值先是随着蛋白质含量的下降而增加,当蛋白质含量下降到某一临界值后,随蛋白质含量下降而下降,蛋白质与直链淀粉含量适中的后代株系味度值较高;在蛋白质含量水平较高时,稻米RVA谱特性随着蛋白质含量的下降有所改善,但蛋白质含量下降到一定程度后则又会导致RVA谱特性变劣;蛋白质含量过高或过低都会导致稻米蒸煮食味品质变劣,协调蛋白质与直链淀粉含量的平衡关系是提高稻米蒸煮食味品质的关键。 相似文献
16.
稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与品质性状的相关性 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
通过对106份水稻材料稻米外观品质、蒸煮品质和RVA谱特征值的测定,研究了淀粉黏滞性（RVA谱）特征值与各项品质指标的相关关系。RVA谱特征值与外观品质中的垩白率关系最为密切,其中垩白率与崩解值(BDV)和消减值(SBV)的相关系数分别为-0.43**和0.40**;RVA谱特征值与低直链淀粉含量(AC)品种和糯稻品种的蒸煮品质指标呈显著或极显著相关,与中高直链淀粉含量品种的指标相关性不显著,特别是高直链淀粉含量品种的AC与RVA谱特征值相关性均不显著,而糯稻品种的AC与RVA谱特征值（BDV和 SBV除外）的相关系数均在0.85以上。由此认为,水稻品种的AC越低,AC与RVA谱特征值的关系越密切。 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2013,57(3):667-675
The rapid stiffening of a well-developed gluten network able to entrap swollen starch granules is a key factor for the high quality of durum wheat pasta during cooking. Good resistance and firmness, low stickiness and limited release of organic materials into the cooking water are quality traits of primary importance for traditional pasta. In gluten-free (GF) pasta, the formation of a scaffold of retrograded starch can be an alternative to gluten networking: it confers rigidity to the cooked product and reduces pasta stickiness and loss of soluble materials into the cooking water. In a previous paper, 14 commercial GF spaghetti samples were studied as uncooked products from a chemical, biochemical and physical point of view. The aim of this study was to determine the cooking behaviour of these samples. A durum wheat pasta was also included as reference. Suitable cooking conditions were adopted and different conventional and innovative evaluations (i.e. compression test, creep test) were performed as a function of cooking time. Different behaviours were evidenced, often related to the ultrastructural organization of the uncooked products. In particular, the creep test revealed to be very effective in discriminating among the properties of the different GF spaghetti. 相似文献
18.
蛋白质影响水稻米饭食味品质的机理 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以杂交中籼丰两优1号组合为材料,设置不同的播期和收获期,分析稻米主要品质指标(直链淀粉、总蛋白含量、RVA特征值等)和米饭食味品质,并用二硫苏糖醇 (DTT)或蛋白酶(Trypsin)分别打破样品蛋白质二硫键或酶解蛋白质后,观察RVA特征谱和膨胀势的变化,旨在明确蛋白质对不同食味品质样品RVA的影响,进而探索蛋白质影响米饭食味品质的机理。结果表明,第3播期(6月13日)稻米品质主要指标（直链淀粉、总蛋白、膨胀势、RVA特征值）与第4播期（6月23日）样品差异不显著,但食味品质明显好于后者;分别经蛋白酶处理后,第3和第4播期样品RVA上升段斜率差异不显著,但前者后段冷却后回升斜率明显小于第4播期。由于影响RVA特征谱后段凝胶刚性的主要因素是淀粉与水之比,刚性随淀粉凝胶中含水量减少而提高,食味品质较好的第3播期米粉经蛋白酶处理后,凝胶刚性小且减弱程度大,这可能是蛋白质酶解后形成蛋白质碎片的持水能力弱,即淀粉与水之比低,由此推测蛋白质影响米饭食味品质可能在米饭蒸煮后阶段,即可能与蛋白质水合后持水能力差异有关。 相似文献
19.
The rapid stiffening of a well-developed gluten network able to entrap swollen starch granules is a key factor for the high quality of durum wheat pasta during cooking. Good resistance and firmness, low stickiness and limited release of organic materials into the cooking water are quality traits of primary importance for traditional pasta. In gluten-free (GF) pasta, the formation of a scaffold of retrograded starch can be an alternative to gluten networking: it confers rigidity to the cooked product and reduces pasta stickiness and loss of soluble materials into the cooking water. In a previous paper, 14 commercial GF spaghetti samples were studied as uncooked products from a chemical, biochemical and physical point of view. The aim of this study was to determine the cooking behaviour of these samples. A durum wheat pasta was also included as reference. Suitable cooking conditions were adopted and different conventional and innovative evaluations (i.e. compression test, creep test) were performed as a function of cooking time. Different behaviours were evidenced, often related to the ultrastructural organization of the uncooked products. In particular, the creep test revealed to be very effective in discriminating among the properties of the different GF spaghetti. 相似文献
20.
Four sets of durum samples were used in this study to further understand the interrelationships among hard vitreous kernels (HVK), protein content, and pigment concentration, with a focus on the interaction and synergistic effects of protein content and vitreousness on durum quality. HVK level increases with higher protein content in the range of 9.5–12.5%, but this relationship is less evident in durum samples with high protein content (12.5–14.5%). Both protein content and kernel vitreousness can significantly affect durum milling quality. White starchy kernels (WSK) in low protein durum have a very detrimental impact on milling and pasta processing quality, but high protein content can mitigate the adverse impact of WSK on durum quality. Although protein content plays a dominant role, higher HVK might contribute positively to pasta firmness. There was no significant difference in yellow pigment content between HVK and WSK. However, pigment loss from semolina to dough was higher for WSK than HVK. Despite the difference in protein content, HVK and WSK have little difference in gluten strength. The monomeric protein was preferentially accumulated in HVK. The glutenin proteins of HVK and WSK were similar in the ratios of 1Bx/1By and HMW/LMW-GS. 相似文献