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1.
华北落叶松人工林短周期间伐与林分生产力的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究短期间伐对华北落叶松人工林林分生长和生产力的影响,设置不同保留密度(450、600、750、900株/hm2)的间伐样地以及相应的对照样地,对间伐前后林分的树高、胸径、单株材积、蓄积量、生物量和生产力进行测量与计算。结果表明:不同保留密度下,各间伐样地胸径、树高和单株材积的生长量均大于对照样地;由于保留密度的减小,各间伐样地蓄积量和生物量小于对照样地,各间伐样地生产力均小于对照样地(7 969 kg/(hm2.a));但是其生长率大于对照样地。抚育间伐改变了林分的空间结构和生长环境,明显促进了林木的生长,增加了林地的经济效益。 相似文献
2.
间伐对华北土石山区油松林生长及其林下植被发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
间伐是森林经营的主要措施之一,研究间伐对森林生态系统的影响对其可持续发展具有深远意义。对河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局北沟林场4块油松人工林样地分别进行46.6%,56.2%,67.1%的3个强度间伐以及对照处理,通过植被群落调查,研究不同间伐强度后油松林生长及其林下植被发育。结果表明:油松林分经不同强度抚育间伐后单木胸径、树高、冠幅和生物量均显著高于对照,且随间伐强度增大而增加,但单位面积蓄积量随间伐强度增大而减小;弱度、中度间伐能够增加林下植物种类,提高林下植物丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数,但是强度间伐后林下植物种类并不会增多,此现象符合"中度干扰假说";林分经不同强度间伐后,林下植被优势种各异;随着间伐强度的增大,林下植被生物量增加。综上,合理的间伐能够促进林分生长及其林下植被发育,研究区选择56.2%左右的间伐强度最优。 相似文献
3.
基于GF-1影像的普达措国家公园森林地上生物量遥感估算 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
精确估算森林地上生物量有利于掌握森林资源碳储量的分布特征,该研究以普达措国家公园为研究区,基于国产高分一号(GF-1)全色多光谱(Panchromatic Multispectral Sensor,PMS)卫星影像和数字高程数据,提取波段信息、植被指数、纹理信息和地形因子,利用多元线性逐步回归、支持向量机、神经网络和随机森林模型,估算森林地上生物量。研究结果表明,基于GF-1影像构建的随机森林模型的精度效果最佳,决定系数为0.77,均方根误差为27.53 t/hm2;普达措国家公园森林地上生物量为7085614t,平均生物量达136.01t/hm2,表明公园内寒温性针叶林发育完好;海拔3 500～4000m区域森林生物量平均值最高,为126.56t/hm2,与生态保护目标分布范围相符;不同坡向生物量存在差异,阴坡和半阴坡平均生物量高出其他坡向20.48%,立地条件较优。研究结果证实基于GF-1优化的生物量经验模型具有对亚高山天然林地上生物量的估算潜力,对区域森林资源的有效科学管理和维护森林生态环境具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
[目的]比较冀北山地天然次生杨桦林(13,18和28a)和人工落叶松林(9,13,15和30a)地上植被层(林冠层、凋落物)的水文调控功能,为评估两种森林类型的转化对该地区水文过程的影响提供科学依据。[方法]采用标准样地和测定分析法对林分的生物量、凋落物及其持水量的进行测算。[结果](1)不同林龄的人工落叶松林地上植被层的降水截留量均大于天然次生杨桦林,且差异显著。(2)两种林分类型不同地上植被层的截留量均表现为:凋落物林冠层灌木层。(3)幼、中龄人工落叶松林的林冠截流量明显大于同龄的天然次生杨桦林,而近熟林,由抚育间伐导致的林分密度下降使得人工落叶松林低于天然次生杨桦林。(4)在各个林龄上,人工落叶松林的凋落物持水量均显著大于天然次生杨桦林,其中13a落叶松为35.36±6.50t/hm2,13a杨桦林为15.79±4.85t/hm2。[结论]冀北山地大面积的人工落叶松林地上植被层具有良好的水文调控功能,其水文调控功能不低于甚至高于当地的天然次生杨桦林,对人工林的抚育间伐在一定程度上会使地上植被层的水文调控功能出现一定程度的下降。 相似文献
5.
以黄土高原半干旱地区的山西省方山县人工刺槐林为对象,采用树干解析与称重法,设立标准地对10个不同密度人工刺槐林进行了生长与生物量调查,分析密度对单木和林分生物量的效应。结果表明:18年刺槐林分的地上现存生物量与测树指标D2H和D有很好的相关性,其中树干和叶的生物量与D2H关系密切,而枝条生物量与D关系密切。刺槐单木总生物量及各部分生物量都是密度的幂函数,但是对林分而言,低密度林分和高密度林分的总生物量都比较高,而处于中间密度林分的生物量较低;林分现存总生物量也呈同一趋势。从总生物量来说,林分的水分利用效率与密度不存在线性关系,但是其干材的水分生产效率是随着密度降低而增加的,反映出不同密度水分利用效率的经济价值不同。 相似文献
6.
应用多元线性分析、逐步回归分析、主分量分析和数量化理论(Ⅰ)4种数学方法,定量比较分析了云杉分布区、地貌、土壤和植被类型等11个生境因子与地位指数、林分蓄积量、乔木层生物量、林分生物量4个生产力指标,结果表明4种数学方法均可用于生境条件分类因子的筛选,且尤以数量化理论(Ⅰ)方法较为直观,可揭示生境因子间对生产力贡献大小,通过对因子内分级(类目)后从各类目得分值大小,反映出各生境因子内不同等级对生产力贡献的差异。类目的划分标准可直接用于类型间等级尺度,该方法与系统聚类或Fuzzy聚类相结合,构成生境分类方法的完整系统。 相似文献
7.
To evaluate the influence of irrigation and fertilization on the productivity ofE. globulus a field experiment was started in 1986 in Central Portugal. The nutrients accumulated in the biomass and their allocation
to the various biomass components as well as the changes in soil chemical characteristics were also followed. Irrigation and
fertilization resulted in a significant increase of biomass production during the first 2 yr. A similar trend occurred with
the net primary production and leaf Litterfall. The differences between treatments in the amounts of accumulated nutrients
in the aboveground biomass were similar to those of biomass accumulation. However, there was a small but consistent effect
related to the average concentration of nutrients in the plant tissues. This effect occurred essentially in the leaves and
branches. The concentration of N and P in the leaf Litterfall was higher in the fertilized treatments than in the others.
Fertilization alone induced a slight increase in the soil pH values, C content, exchangeable Ca and available P levels. Such
increase was more pronounced in the fertilized with dripping irrigation treatment. This was due to the accumulation of nutrients
in the wetted soil volume. 相似文献
8.
A survey of the forest site characteristics in a transect through the central Canadian boreal forest
As a contribution to the BOReal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), a total of 97 sites have been surveyed in the boreal forest regions of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The sites extend across an ecoclimatic transect through the boreal forest of central Canada, from aspen parkland to sub-arctic woodland. Sites were selected using satellite, air photograph, and forest cover map data. Each site represents a minimum 100 m by 100 m homogeneous stand, suitable for satellite imaging. Data collected at each site covers overstory (species composition, DBH, pathogens, age, etc.), understory (percent cover by species), debris, and soil characteristics. These data provide a background database for the diverse measurements of terrestrial ecology, land surface climatology, tropospheric chemistry, and remote sensing. Such data provide an important baseline for ongoing studies of the boreal forest in a region sensitive to global change. The results of this study aid integration of a variety of more detailed studies being carried out in the region and also allow comparison with other international studies of a similar nature. Sites are concentrated in two regions: north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, and west of Thompson, Manitoba. Additional sites are located in the area of the Boreal Forest Transect Case Study (BFTCS) between Batoche, Saskatchewan and Gillam, Manitoba. The surveyed sites were classified according to three criteria: dominant species (Picea mariana, Populus tremuloides, Pinus banksiana, or “mixed”), age (mature, immature, or young/recently disturbed), and productivity (low, medium, or high). Overstory and understory measurements were usually taken at three points within each site. Debris measurements were taken at two points, and soil measurements at one point per site. This paper focuses on overstory and debris data taken at 97 sites in 1993 and 1994. The sites are predominantly in medium and high productivity stands. Overstoiy. data, primarily from point-sampling, have been used to estimate stand basal areas, stem densities, volumes, and aboveground biomass (excluding foliage). Stand basal areas ranged from 5 m2 ha?1 to over 60 m2 ha?1. Stem densities ranged from a few hundred to over 40 000 stem ha?1. Estimates of total aboveground biomass range from a few Mg ha?1 to over 250 Mg ha?1. The Prince Albert sites tend to have greater values than Thompson for basal area, volume and biomass, but stem densities are highly variable. Detritus data show values from zero to 60 Mg ha?1. Generally, these values are small compared to aboveground biomass, but in recently disturbed sites the detrital mass can exceed aboveground biomass. 相似文献
9.
The effects of cutting on the ecological conditions and soil respiration in larch forests of Japan were studied. The cutting
was found to significantly change the soil surface, resulting in the high spatial and temporal variation of the hydrothermal
conditions and soil respiration. The influence of a stand’s thinning on the environment and soil respiration is considered
using the example of the thinning of a ripening larch stand in the Tomakomai National Forest (Hokkaido Island, Japan). The
changes in the hydrothermal conditions (the temperature and moisture of the mineral soil layers and litter) and some other
factors (the root and litter density and the C/N ratio) after the thinning of the stands and their influence on the soil respiration
were studied. The soil respiration in the thinned forest site did not differ from that on the control plot, whereas the soil
temperature was much higher in the former. The moisture of the soil mineral layers and the litter was the same. Despite the
latter fact, no significant relationships between the soil respiration and its temperature and moisture were found. In the
area covered with the thinned forest, the water content of the litter turned out to be the main microclimatic factor affecting
the soil respiration. There, the fine roots and litter density were 18 and 15 % less, respectively. The thinning of the stand
induced high variation of the soil respiration and temperature, as well as of the fine roots and the litter density. On the
whole, the soil respiration in the larch forest studied in Japan was determined by the litter stock and the C to N ratio. 相似文献
10.
为了探究林火烈度和火后时间对喀纳斯泰加林林下草本层碳密度的影响,在喀纳斯自然保护区设置火干扰样地,采用收获法进行了生物量调查。分莎草科、禾本科、豆科和其他草类4个功能群进行草本地上碳密度对林火烈度的火后时间响应研究。结果表明:喀纳斯林泰加林草本层地上碳密度的范围为0.096～0.359 t/hm2。在3个演替阶段,莎草科和禾本科对草本层地上碳密度贡献率大; 其他草类对草本层地上碳密度贡献率的范围为10.03%～40.97%; 豆科对草本层地上碳密度贡献率最小,仅在针叶阔叶林阶段中低烈度火后51～84 a的林分中其贡献率较大。喀纳斯林草生态系统大部分林分处于针叶阔叶和针叶混交林阶段,草本层地上碳密度在不同烈度的火干扰下总体趋势为:低烈度>中烈度>高烈度,表明低烈度火干扰有利于草本植物的生长。3个演替阶段草本功能群地上碳密度对林火烈度的火后时间响应并不相同,但草本层地上碳密度随着火后时间的增加总体呈减小趋势。高烈度火干扰对草本层地上碳密度的影响最大,且不利于保持或提高森林的生产力。通过清除林下凋落物将林火烈度控制在中、低烈度范围内,有利于提高草本层的碳汇功能。 相似文献
11.
塔河流域天然胡杨林不同林龄地上生物量及碳储量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探讨不同林龄单株胡杨地上部分生物量、林分的生物量及碳储量的分布特征,为进一步开展胡杨天然林生态系统碳循环、碳储量、固碳速率和潜力研究提供基础。[方法]以新疆维吾尔自治区轮台县天然胡杨林为研究对象,利用不同林龄下不同径阶的标准解析木样本数据,构建胡杨地上部分各器官的生物量回归模型,探讨不同林龄胡杨地上部分的生物量组成、分配以及各器官生物量随年龄的变化规律。[结果]随着林龄的增加,单株胡杨地上部分各器官生物量呈上升趋势,其中树干占主导地位。幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、过熟林的林分地上生物量分别为:4.91,7.95,19.47,61.95,47.64t/hm2,且随林龄的增加胡杨林地上部分生物量先增加后稍有降低;胡杨林地上部分不同器官平均含碳率从大到小依次为:树干(48.17%)树枝(47.75%)树皮(46.13%)树叶(44.90%),且随林龄的增加不同器官含碳率先增加后降低,但各器官之间含碳率差异不显著;塔河流域胡杨林碳储量随林龄先增加后降低,大小顺序为成熟林(30.38t/hm2)过熟林(23.26t/hm2)近熟林(9.30t/hm2)中龄林(3.69t/hm2)幼龄林(2.20t/hm2)。[结论]地上部分各器官碳储量按依次排列为:树干树枝树皮树叶,树干是胡杨林地上部分碳储量的主要器官。 相似文献
12.
以福建永安安砂库区生态公益林为研究对象,通过设置径流小区,分别在坡度25°和32°的林地中,设计4种不同间伐强度处理(不间伐、20%、40%、60%间伐强度),研究不同间伐强度及间伐后补植枫香两种改造措施对库区生态公益林林地水土流失的影响.结果表明:40%及60%间伐强度林地的水土流失量大于不间伐处理,中高强度间伐后套种枫香的改造措施同样加大了库区生态公益林地的水土流失,但小于间伐措施的流失量,且水土流失量随着坡度的增加而加大.而在适当的低强度间伐(20%间伐强度)条件下,实施两种改造措施之后的库区生态公益林的水土流失量与不间伐处理之间差异并不明显.因此,选择在低坡度(25°)进行适当的低强度(20%间伐强度)间伐并套种枫香等阔叶树种,可达到在兼顾生态效益的同时,科学合理地利用生态公益林的林木和景观资源的目的 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2798-2806
Grazing modifies the aboveground soil and plants of rangeland ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of various grazing intensity levels on soil bulk density, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil total organic carbon (TOC), aboveground biomass production, plant community richness (N), and vegetation diversity (H) in Gian Rangeland, Hamedan Province, Iran. Soil and vegetation samplings were conducted based on the randomized systematic method. Soil and vegetation samplings were carried out along 100-m-long transects placed at 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 m running perpendicular to six sheep corrals. The effects of various grazing intensities on studied parameters were detected by analysis of variance (ANOVA) (at α = 0.05). Results of this study indicated the soil bulk density, EC, TOC, aboveground biomass production, plant community richness, and vegetation diversity values were altered significantly at different distances from the sheep corrals. However, soil pH was not significantly affected by various grazing intensities. 相似文献
14.
《Geoderma》2007,137(3-4):253-268
We reviewed the experimental evidence for long-term carbon (C) sequestration in soils as consequence of specific forest management strategies. Utilization of terrestrial C sinks alleviates the burden of countries which are committed to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions. Land-use changes such as those which result from afforestation and management of fast-growing tree species, have an immediate effect on the regional rate of C sequestration by incorporating carbon dioxide (CO2) in plant biomass. The potential for such practices is limited in Europe by environmental and political constraints. The management of existing forests can also increase C sequestration, but earlier reviews found conflicting evidence regarding the effects of forest management on soil C pools. We analyzed the effects of harvesting, thinning, fertilization application, drainage, tree species selection, and control of natural disturbances on soil C dynamics. We focused on factors that affect the C input to the soil and the C release via decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). The differentiation of SOM into labile and stable soil C fractions is important. There is ample evidence about the effects of management on the amount of C in the organic layers of the forest floor, but much less information about measurable effects of management on stable C pools in the mineral soil. The C storage capacity of the stable pool can be enhanced by increasing the productivity of the forest and thereby increasing the C input to the soil. Minimizing the disturbances in the stand structure and soil reduces the risk of unintended C losses. The establishment of mixed species forests increases the stability of the forest and can avoid high rates of SOM decomposition. The rate of C accumulation and its distribution within the soil profile differs between tree species. Differences in the stability of SOM as a direct species effect have not yet been reported. 相似文献
15.
[目的]分析区域森林资源的碳储量大小及分布规律,为地方森林碳汇经营管理和规划提供科学依据。[方法]基于河北省森林资源清查数据,乔木树种采用方精云建立的生物量换算因子连续函数法,灌木和经济林采用平均生物量法,结合不同树种分子式含碳率,对秦皇岛市森林植储量和碳密度进行了估算,并运用ARCGIS软件对其空间分布进行了分析。[结果]2005年,秦皇岛市森林植被总碳储量为4.30×106 t,森林植被平均碳密度为11.72t/hm2。全市各区县森林植被碳储量空间分布上有显著差异,表现为"北部山区和中部丘陵高,南部平原低"的空间格局,而植被碳密度呈现相反的趋势。林分碳储量占总碳储量的56.04%,林分平均碳密度为12.09t/hm2。林分针阔分明,阔叶林碳储量略大于针叶林碳储量,天然林碳储量大于人工林碳储量。全市林分碳储量以中、幼龄林为主,二者各自占林分总碳储量的24.07%和56.31%。[结论]未来秦皇岛市森林植被仍具有较大的固碳能力。 相似文献
16.
[目的]揭示河西走廊中段荒漠草地地上生物量的空间分布特征及其与环境因子的关系,为区域草地生态系统碳库及其变化评估提供基础资料。[方法]利用从52个样点获得的样方调查数据,进行统计分析。[结果](1)河西走廊中段荒漠草地单位面积地上生物量的范围为11.17~523.76g/m2,平均值为149.67g/m2,大致表现为西北高,东南低的分布特征;(2)调查中共出现15种优势植物群落地,地上部生物量黑果枸杞群落最小,为49.88±7.42g/m2,叉枝鸦葱群落最大,为201.69±98.48g/m2;(3)地上生物量与经度呈显著的负相关关系,与海拔呈显著的正相关关系;(4)土壤环境因子能够解释地上生物量39.8%的空间变异,其中土壤类型、土壤容重和土壤有机质的影响较显著,而土壤含水量的影响相对较弱。[结论]河西走廊荒漠草地地上生物量趋势为由西北至东南逐渐降低;海拔和土壤环境因子是影响分布格局的关键因子。 相似文献
17.
从生态学和生态经济学的角度,在全面调查和多年定位研究的基础上,以生物生产力和木材产量为指标,论述了桂西北田林老山中山杉木引种栽培区林分生长和产量与气候、土壤、微生物、地质地貌和经营措施之间的关系,并对林分的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益作了全面分析。结果表明:田林老山中山的自然生态条件完全满足杉木速生丰产的需要,现实林分生产力与杉木中心产区相当,并大大高于扩大栽培区,达到速生丰产林的标准。获得了显著的经济、生态和社会效益,可作为广西杉木商品性生产新基地。 相似文献
18.
Vegetation type and ecosystem structure affect major aspects of the mercury (Hg) cycle in terrestrial ecosystems which serve as important storage pools for a long‐term legacy of natural and anthropogenic Hg release to the environment. The goal of this study was to evaluate the integrated effects of 80 y of different vegetative type on Hg accumulation and partitioning in terrestrial ecosystems by comparing Hg concentrations and pools of two adjacent forests: a coniferous Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and a deciduous red alder (Alnus rubra) stand. These stands grew for > 80 y in close proximity (200 m) with identical site histories, soil parent materials, and atmospheric exposure. Results showed that the Douglas fir stand was characterized by significantly higher Hg concentrations and Hg : C ratios in aboveground biomass compared to the deciduous red alder forest. For foliage, higher Hg concentrations (plus 43 μg kg–1) were expected due to foliage age, but Hg concentrations also were higher in woody tissues (by 2 to 18 μg kg–1) indicating increased uptake of atmospheric Hg by coniferous tissues. These differences were reflected—and further increased—in litter horizons where Hg‐concentration differences increased in highly decomposed litter to > 200 μg kg–1. In soils, no difference in concentrations of Hg was observed, but Hg : C ratios were consistently higher in the coniferous Douglas fir. Estimation of pool sizes of C and Hg in soils and at the whole ecosystem level showed that considerably smaller C pools in the coniferous stand as a result of faster C turnover and lower productivity did not lead to corresponding declines in Hg‐pool sizes. The partitioning of Hg among ecosystem components—including distribution between aboveground and belowground components and distribution through the soil profile—was largely unaffected by forest type. Methyl‐Hg concentrations observed in litter layers were also significantly higher in litter of Douglas fir, along with a higher proportion of methylated Hg of total Hg. In soils, methyl‐Hg concentrations were similar in both stands. Comparison of these adjacent forest stands highlights that vegetation type affects concentrations of total Hg in otherwise equivalent sites and that differences also exist in respect to methylated Hg. 相似文献
19.
Xiaoqin Cheng Hairong Han Fengfeng Kang Ke Liu Yali Song Bin Zhou Yong Li 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(2):357-367
Respiration was measured at daytime during the growing seasons (May–October) of 2011 and 2012 in a young Pinus tabulaeformis plantation with heavy, medium and light intensity thinning and unthinned control plots in Shanxi province in northern China. Soil temperature, moisture, fine root biomass, amounts of soil organic C and litterfall biomass were also measured. We found that immediately following thinning treatments, soil respiration increased by 8 %–21 % compared with the unthinned control plots during both growing seasons. Thinning significantly affected soil respiration and soil temperature with different thinning intensities, while there were no significant differences in soil moisture among the various treatments. During the growing seasons, the soil respiration rates were positively correlated with the soil moisture: the 19.4 %–54.0 % variation in soil respiration rates in the four thinning regimes are explained by the changes in soil moisture. Meanwhile, a positive correlation was found between soil temperature and soil respiration rates at all sites. The best fitting model with temperature and moisture explained 44.3 % of the variation in soil respiration in the high thinning treatment, 27.6 % in the light thinning treatment, 18.6 % in medium thinning and in the control sites during the measuring periods. Overall, soil respiration is better predicted by soil moisture, soil organic C, live fine root biomass and soil temperature when data are pooled for all thinning treatments over the two growing seasons. The best regression model explained 74.7 % of the total variation in soil respiration over the different thinning intensities for the two sampling periods. 相似文献
20.
黄土丘陵区不同退耕模式林下草本变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域退耕37a不同退耕模式的油松+紫穗槐混交林(PA)、油松林(PT)、刺槐林(RP)、柠条林(CKK)及对照样地撂荒地(CK)草本植被进行调查与采样,研究物种多样性、草本盖度、枯落物量、地上及根系生物量、根冠比、根长密度等植被的变化特征。结果表明:1)物种多样性撂荒地最高,柠条林最低,顺序为CK>PA>PT>RP>CKK;2)草本盖度、地上生物量均为撂荒地最高,油松林最低,大小顺序分别为CK>CKK>RP>PA>PT和CK>RP>CKK>PA>PT,方差分析结果显示,植被盖度差异不显著,地上生物量差异极显著(P<0.01);3)样地枯落物量、草本根系生物量均为油松+紫穗槐混交林最高,刺槐林最低,大小顺序分别为PA>CKK>PT>CK>RP和PA>CKK>CK>PT>RP,方差分析结果表明,枯落物量未达显著差异,根系生物量差异显著(P<0.05);4)草本根冠比、根长密度均为油松+紫穗槐混交林最高,撂荒地最低,大小顺序分别为PA>PT>CKK>RP>CK和PA>CKK>RP>PT>CK,且均达显著性差异水平(P<0.05);5)土壤分层地下生物量与植被地上各指标达极显著相关(P<0.01),且呈y=xa幂指数关系。 相似文献