共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
本文是作者在长期的小麦育种实践中通过思考总结，把育种中的早代选种方法巧妙结合起来，提出了早代选株选穗相结合的一种新方法-株穗混选法，并在育种中利用了这种方法，取得了很好的效果。 相似文献
2.
太谷显性核不育基因用于抗逆性育种的效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用太谷核不育小麦，采用改良半姐妹和混合轮选及隔代回交轮选三种方法进行抗逆性育种。结果表明，改良半姐妹和混合轮选对群体主穗粒数、单株粒重、百粒重等主要产量性状和抗干热风能力均有显著改良效果。改良半姐妹比混合轮选改进幅度大，且对降低群体株高有极显著效果；而混合轮选对降低株高效果不明显；两群体各主要经济性状有向选择目标集中，变异度下降的趋势。用隔代回交轮选法改造丰抗２号效果显著，升选系抗干热风，抗寒性 相似文献
3.
夏谷高产育种单株选择模式 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
以华北夏谷生态区近年育成的８个夏谷新品种的单株性状表现为基础，结合传统的夏谷单株选择理论和育种目标对各性状的要求，对与夏谷单株产量密切相关的８个性状分别制定了选择标准。按此标准，运用改进列联表法，对１９９２￣１９９３年选择的１０８８个优良单株进行统计分析，将单株综合性状选择指标数量化，建立了夏谷高产育种单株选择模式。经验证，该模式在夏谷育种中具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
4.
半无叶型豌豆7个农艺性状的通径分析及利用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对半无叶型豌豆不同品系的株高（x1）、单株荚数（x2）、分枝数（x3）、百粒重（x4）、单株粒数（x5）、双花双荚数（x6)和单株籽粒产量（y）进行了通径分析。结果表明：各个性状对产量的相对重要性排 序为单株粒数＞百粒重＞分枝数＞单株荚数＞双花双荚数＞株高，其中，各个农艺性状对单株产量 的直接效应中单株粒数最高，间接效应中单株荚数通过单株粒数对籽粒产量的间接作用最大。进一步分析表明：在利用半无叶型豌豆育种中，应以选择单株粒数、单株荚数为主，同时要注意增加双花双荚数，适当兼顾百粒重及其它。试验证明半无叶型豌豆在高产育种中有重要利用价值。 相似文献
5.
低温处理对豇豆幼苗生长的POD,COD,ATPase同工酶的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在０－１℃低温处理豇豆幼苗时幼苗生长明显受抑，检查根系和胚轴中的ＰＯＤ、ＣＯＤ、ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶，发现谱带减少。低温对豇豆幼苗生长的伤害与幼苗组成内三种酶同工酶的变化呈明显的相关性。上述三种酶同工酶可以作为一咱生化指标用于检测植物幼苗的受寒状况。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
分子标记辅助选择及其在水稻育种中的应用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
植物育种中分子标记最直接的用途是对性状进行辅助选择(MAS),也就是利用目标性状基因与分子标记之间的紧密连锁关系进行间接选择.MAS不受其它基因效应和环境因素的影响,是对目标性状在分子水平上的一种选择,因此选择结果十分可靠,同时又可避免等位基因间显隐性关系的干扰.MAS一般可在育种早代时期完成,从而大大缩短育种周期,已引起育种学家的广泛关注.该文主要就MAS在不同育种程序中和不同类型目标性状(质量性状和数量性状)进行选择时应用的基本原理进行了阐述,并简要综述了水稻MAS育种所得的一些具体成果. 相似文献
9.
高粱空间诱变效应研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1996年利用我国第17颗返回式卫星对高粱唐恢28恢复系种子进行搭载处理后，对其变异后代进行了田间鉴定和同工酶及RAPD分析。主要结果如下：（1）SP1代获得一个特大穗型突变体（MTR28），其后代性状分离广泛，变异类型丰富，从中获得了遗传性状稳定且具有不同特点的高产、抗病优良变异选系；（2）优良变异选系组配的杂交种产量明显高于对照，可应用于生产上组配高产、抗病杂交种；（3）空间诱变后代性状稳定时间比常规杂交后代稳定快2—4个世代，可缩短育种进程；（4）变异选系在酯酶同工酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶酶带种类及酶活性上存在着较大的遗传差异；（5）RAPD分析结果显示，空间诱变选系在基因组水平上发生了明显的变化。 相似文献
10.
本文通过对海岛棉新海系列的棉花品种（系）进行相关和通径分析．相关分析表明：单株皮棉产量与单株铃数、株高、比强度呈极显著正相关;生育期与长度呈显著正相关;单株铃数与株高、果枝数呈显著正相关;果枝节位与强度、衣分呈极显著负相关;其它各性状均呈一定程度的正或负弱相关。偏相关分析表明：单株皮棉产量与单株铃数、单铃重、衣分呈极显著正相关：衣分与单株铃数、单铃重呈极显著正相关;长度、细度、强度与各品质性状呈一定程度的不显著正或负相关。通径分析表明：单株铃数对单株皮棉产量的贡献率最大．其次是单铃重和衣分的贡献率较大．其它各性状对单株皮棉产量产生的正向或负向效应都不大．但是株高、果枝数、比强度通过单株铃数产生的间接效应的正向作用较大。研究各性状的相关关系可以指导我们对育种目标性状的选择,提高育种效率。 相似文献
11.
为提高棉花新品种选育过程中外源抗虫基因选择的准确性,以常规非转基因抗虫棉花品种、单价转基因抗虫棉品种、双价转基因抗虫棉品种为试验材料,选择能扩增Bt基因通用引物和棉花内源基因SAD1的引物,建立了抗虫基因的PCR检测方法。利用该方法对常规非转基因抗虫棉品系和转基因棉花品系进行了检测。结果表明,该方法可明确区分常规非转基因抗虫棉品系和转基因棉花品系;对高代育种品系进行检测表明40%转基因品系中存在单株不能扩增出预期的特异片段,而在非转基因系冈197中存在8.0%的单株扩增出预期的特异片段。该方法可应用于棉花新品种选育过程中对外源抗虫基因的检测,提高了选择的准确性和目的性。 相似文献
12.
Selection of parental lines is important in plant breeding programmes. Marker-assisted selection is an alternative to classical
selection methods, which are expensive and time consuming. Marker-assisted selection aims to find molecular markers that are
linked to genes that determine quantitative traits of interest. Classical statistical methods require particular assumptions
to be fulfilled, which is difficult to check if the analyses are performed automatically. In this article, we present a heuristic
method to find interesting markers for quantitative traits. This method includes various strategies that depend on what makes
a genotype interesting to a plant breeder. This approach was applied to eighteen parental lines of winter oilseed rape F1 CMS ogura hybrids with observation of 597 markers. The traits of interest were seed yield and alkenyl glucosinolate content. Fifty-seven
markers were selected for further study. The most prominent marker was OPY 02~1830. Marker-assisted selection is the first
step of analysis, which can then be followed up by a more formal statistical analysis for a smaller set of interesting markers. 相似文献
13.
14.
J.J.M. van der Meulen-Muisers J.C. van Oeveren J. Jansen J.M. van Tuyl 《Euphytica》1999,106(2):149-157
To investigate the genetic regulation of postharvest flower longevity in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium L.), 10 cultivars and
45 progenies were forced, harvested and evaluated under standardised conditions in growth chambers. Analysis of variance for
individual flower longevity indicated highly significant (p < 0.001) variation among parents, among progenies and among descendants
within progenies. High broad-sense heritability (0.79) calculated at the individual plant level indicated that selection for
long individual flower longevity can be expected to be very effective. General combining ability (GCA) effects were highly
significant ( p < 0.001), and the estimated narrow-sense heritability was high (0.74). Therefore, individual flower longevity
of a genotype can be used as an indication for its breeding value. Although deviating results can be expected as specific
combining ability (SCA) effects were also significant ( p = 0.046). Small, but significant correlations between individual
flower longevity and other plant characters were found. The impact of these correlations on the selection efficiency for improved
postharvest performance of lily inflorescences is discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
茶树是我国重要的经济和饮料作物,由于自交不亲和和长期的异花授粉使其高度异质杂合,选育一个良种耗时长,提高早期选育效率和准确鉴定目标性状成为茶树育种家关心的重大问题之一。关联分析是研究分子标记或候选基因与目标性状关系的一种新方法,现已广泛应用于植物等位基因发掘、功能基因验证以及功能性标记的开发和应用等各方面的研究中,为茶树遗传育种研究提供了新思路。本文主要介绍了关联分析的基本原理、策略和及其在植物中的应用现状,并且探讨了其在茶树分子标记辅助育种研究上的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
Sebastiaan Hennink 《Euphytica》1994,78(1-2):69-76
Summary In the framework of a comprehensive Dutch research project the feasibility of hemp cultivation for paper pulp production is being investigated. This project also includes a hemp breeding programme which was initiated at CPRO-DLO in 1990. Hemp breeding is primarily aimed at improving bast fibre production since bast fibre is qualitatively superior to woody core fibre for paper pulp production. The progress of the ongoing breeding programme is hampered by the lack of knowledge on the inheritance of agronomic traits.The following traits were examined on 252 parental plants in 1991 and subsequently on their progenies in 1992: fibre content, plant height, date of flowering, stem diameter and cannabinoid contents. For each trait heritabilities were estimated and direct and indirect effects of artificial selection were studied.The heritability of bast fibre content was high and mass selection proved to be an efficient method causing no undesirable influence on other characters. Characters not directly related to bast fibre yield such as date of flowering, plant height and stem diameter were shown to have disadvantages as selection criteria for the improvement of bast fibre yield.The cannabinoids THC and CBD were studied, as the acceptance of hemp cultivation requires a low level. The content of THC, the psychoactive component can be successfully reduced by mass selection, but it is not certain that mass selection is the most efficient method. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Phenotypic variation and pattern ofinheritance was investigated for plant andfruit traits in Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica, Maloideae). Japanesequince is a minor fruit crop in Latvia andLithuania, and is presently being developedfor production of juice, aroma and fruitfibre in Sweden and Finland. General andspecific combining ability was estimatedfor five plant vegetative traits, eightfruit yield and morphology traits, and fivefruit biochemistry traits in a studypopulation consisting of 14 hybridfamilies. Thorniness seems to be controlledprimarily by a single locus. All othertraits studied appear to be governedprimarily by additive genes, as judged fromgeneral combining ability estimates.Significant specific combining ability(SCA) was detected for yield, plant heightand some fruit traits. However, therelative contribution of SCA to the overallgenetic variance was in general low. Anefficient breeding strategy for Japanesequince could therefore be based onrecurrent selection. 相似文献