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1.
Zein films plasticized with oleic acid have been considered potentially useful for biodegradable packaging applications. However, moisture was found to affect their tensile and gas barrier properties. We investigated the effects of two converting processes, fusion lamination and coating with drying oils, on tensile properties and gas permeability of zein films. Zein films were laminated to 4-ply sheets in a Carver press and coated with tung oil, linseed oil, or a mixture of tung and soybean oils. Tensile properties and permeability to water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide were measured according to ASTM methods. Laminated films were clearer, tougher, and more flexible, and had a smoother finish than nontreated sheets. Lamination decreased O(2) and CO(2) permeability by filling in voids and pinholes in the film structure. Coating increased tensile strength and elongation and decreased water vapor permeability. Coatings acted as a composite layer preventing crack propagation and increasing film strength. They also formed a highly hydrophobic surface that prevented film wetting.  相似文献   

2.
Water sorption, water vapor permeability, and tensile properties were evaluated for zein films plasticized with oleic acid. The effect of relative humidity on water vapor permeability and tensile properties of films was investigated. Samples were produced by two different methods: casting from a zein solution and stretching from a zein-fatty acid resin. Films were also coated with linseed oil. Results indicated that preparation method affected water sorption and permeability of zein films. Resin films showed lower water sorption than cast films, especially at high Aw values. Water vapor permeability was also lower for resin films. Coating with linseed oil further improved water vapor barrier ability of resin films. Permeability was affected by environmental relative humidity; higher relative humidity resulted in increased permeability. Environmental relative humidity also affected tensile properties of resin films. Toughness and elongation were improved when relative humidity increased from 50 to 85% rh. Tensile strength showed a maximum at 75% rh. Coating improved elongation and toughness of films. Maximum elongation and toughness were observed for coated samples at 85% rh. Zein resin films showed good tensile and water barrier properties that were maintained through environmental humidity levels from 50 to 98% rh.  相似文献   

3.
徐慧  陈野 《农业工程学报》2015,31(8):272-276
传统浇铸法制备的玉米醇溶蛋白薄膜表面粗糙,机械性质及耐水性较差。为了改善玉米醇溶蛋白理化性质,在传统浇铸法膜制备过程中引入平行匀强电场(1~5 A/m2)处理蛋白成膜液。经过电场处理后,玉米醇溶蛋白表面光滑、形状完整。试验结果表明:电场处理可改善薄膜力学性质、表面疏水性、水蒸气透过率等性质;随着电流密度的增大,薄膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、吸水率以及表面接触角呈现规律性增加或者减小;电场处理下薄膜热特性改变,与未处理组相比变性温度略有提高,最大增幅为19.5℃。当电流密度为4 A/m2时,薄膜理化性质较佳:拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别为73.09 MPa和9.68%,吸水率降低至14.87%,水蒸气透过率为2.55×10-8 g·m/(m2·h·Pa),静态接触角为62.18°,变性温度提高到118.39℃,热稳定性提高,薄膜表面光滑。电场可诱导成膜液中分子有序性排列,提高薄膜均一性;通过调节电流密度可得到具有一定力学强度和亲/疏水性的薄膜。试验结果为制备具有特定功能性的纯玉米醇溶蛋白薄膜材料提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
为了探究改性对玉米醇溶蛋白膜的性能影响,明确制备硬胶囊后的体外释放规律。该研究采用葡萄糖对玉米醇溶蛋白进行湿法糖基化改性,对糖基化改性产物的机械性能、阻湿性、阻氧性、阻油性和肠溶性进行研究。结果表明,改性后玉米醇溶蛋白膜的抗拉强度为34.06 MPa,相比未改性zein膜4.67 MPa有明显提高(P0.05);改性后玉米醇溶蛋白的吸水率在24 h达到最大,为84.98%;zein-glu膜的过氧化值为0.43 g/100 g,较zein膜的过氧化值0.49 g/100 g低;zein-glu膜的水蒸气透过率在达到平稳时降至7.89×10~(-8) g·m/(m~2·d·Pa);zein-glu膜的透油系数为0,阻油性与市售保鲜膜相当;胶囊释放以罗丹明B作为胶囊填充内容物,结果表明由zein-glu制备的胶囊具有肠溶性,模拟体外释放的拟合数学模型决定系数R~2为0.800,该模型通过卡方检验、相关系数检验和t统计量的显著性检验。研究结果可为玉米醇溶蛋白的改性、成膜机制和肠溶性释放提供理论参考。  相似文献   

5.
Free‐standing films were prepared from zein formulations containing 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% oleic acid (OA). Zein/OA formulations were also used as coating films for rodent diet bars. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of films and moisture loss rate (MLR) of coated rodent diet bars were measured at 4 and 25°C. Temperature affected the water barrier properties of films and coatings. At 4°C, WVP of films decreased with OA concentration while it increased at 25°C. WVP behavior was attributed to oleic acid phase changes due to temperature. At 4°C, OA is a crystalline solid that limits water diffusion through the films. At 25°C, liquid OA increased the system free volume and allowed for water diffusion. The effect was more pronounced the higher the OA concentration in films. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of zein/OA films showed endothermic peaks at 12–18°C, confirming the melting of OA in that temperature range. MLR of coated rodent diet bars was also affected by temperature and OA concentration in coating formulations. In this case, formulations containing 40, 50, and 60% OA were better moisture barriers than coatings with higher OA content at both 4 and 25°C. Moisture losses were reduced at 4°C due to OA solidification.  相似文献   

6.
Arabinoxylans (AX) are natural fibers extracted from maize bran, an industrial byproduct. To promote this polymer as a food ingredient, development of edible coatings and films had been proposed. Indeed, composite arabinoxylan-based films were prepared by emulsifying a fat: palmitic acid, oleic acid, triolein, or a hydrogenated palm oil (OK35). Lipid effects on water vapor permeability (WVP), surface hydrophobicity (contact angles), lipid particle size, and mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed that OK35-AX emulsion films had the lowest WVP. Emulsified films presented a bimodal particle size distribution; however, the smallest particle mean diameter (0.54 microm) was observed in OK35-AX emulsion films. Contact angles of water comparable to those observed for LDPE films (>90 degrees ) are measured on the OK35-AX film surface. Finally, only triolein-AX emulsion films had elongation higher than films without lipid. These results suggest that OK35 enhances functional properties of AX-based films and should be retained for further research.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of octyl gallate and propyl gallate on the molecular mobility, oxygen permeability, and microstructure of zein/glycerol films was studied. Films were cast from 70% ethanol/water containing 20% (w/w) glycerol and different amounts of the antioxidants propyl gallate or octyl gallate. The oxygen permeability and local mobility of these films were measured using phosphorescence from the dispersed triplet probe erythrosin B. Although both antioxidants increased the local mobility of the zein matrix to about the same extent, octyl gallate and to a lesser extent propyl gallate dramatically increased the permeability of the film to oxygen. Atomic force microscopy imaging indicated that propyl gallate induced aggregation of zein complexes, which could lead to a more condensed film. These results indicate that the addition of specific functional ingredients, such as antioxidants, to edible films may significantly affect the physical properties and structure and, thus, functional properties in ways that influence their eventual use.  相似文献   

8.
It has been a long-lasting challenge to prepare highly ordered biopolymer nanocomposites to optimize or tune the desired mechanical and barrier properties of the nanocomposite film. In this study, we developed a simple and cost-effective method to synthesize highly ordered zein nanocomposites. The method involved the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide (Fe(3)O(4)) nanofiller and the preparation of a highly ordered structure by in situ nanofiller reorientation under an external magnetic field. The successful preparation of Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoplatelets together with exfoliated and highly ordered zein resin nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. As a result, in comparison to zein resin film, the exfoliated zein nanocomposites (Fe-Zein) showed dramatic improvement on mechanical and barrier properties. The tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus of Fe-Zein were increased by 218, 48, and 264%, respectively, while the water vapor and oxygen permeability decreased by 68 and 29%. More importantly, the highly ordered zein nanocomposites (Fe-Zein-Mag) showed additional improvement on the mechanical and gas barrier properties. In comparison to Fe-Zein, the tensile strength and elongation of Fe-Zein-Mag were increased by 10 and 48%, respectively, and a 30% decrease in Young's Modulus was observed, indicating the Fe-Zein-Mag film was more elastic. Besides, the water vapor and oxygen permeability of Fe-Zein-Mag were also decreased by an additional 48 and 17%, respectively.  相似文献   

9.
Water interactions in extruded zein films were investigated through moisture sorption isotherms. Sorption isotherms of zein products were affected by composition and structure morphology. Zein powder showed moisture sorption hysteresis, which was not observed in extruded samples. Extruded samples held less moisture than zein powder, while films containing oleic acid showed further reduction in moisture uptake. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and Guggenheim, Anderson, and De Boer (GAB) models fitted well the moisture sorption isotherms of zein products. Monolayer values estimated by BET and GAB models were consistent with predictions based on zein structural models. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of zein films was affected by the relative humidity of testing environment. Higher relative humidity resulted in higher WVP.  相似文献   

10.
Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy was employed to study the molecular structure of edible zein films/coatings, which were fabricated directly from zein protein. The secondary structure of zein protein was mainly in alpha-helix and remained unaltered during film formation as evidenced by the vibrational modes of amide I at 1656 cm(-1) and amide III at 1274 cm(-1). Raman results indicated that hydrophobic interaction played an important role in the formation of zein film and disulfide bonding might be responsible for the structural stability of zein protein during film formation. To enhance its antimicrobial property, an antimicrobial zein film was manufactured by incorporating zein protein with benzoic acid whose structure was then characterized by FT-Raman. It showed that physical entrapment or hydrophobic interaction was crucial to the incorporation of benzoic acid with zein protein, and the secondary structure of the antimicrobial film was still maintained in alpha-helical form. In addition, FT-Raman exhibits its preference in directly determining the thickness of zein films/coatings. By correlating the Raman intensity ratio of nu(1003) to nu(84) (I(1003/84)) versus the thickness of zein film, a linear relationship with high coefficient (R(2) = 0.9927) was obtained, which was then used pragmatically to determine the thickness of zein coatings on apple. It showed that the FT-Raman result (thickness = 0.27 +/- 0.01 mm) was consistent with that of classical micrometric measurement (thickness = 0.28 +/- 0.02 mm). Consequently, FT-Raman provides a direct, simple, and reagent-free method to characterize the structure and the thickness of zein films/coatings.  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of fatty acid (FA) type and content on mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of hydroxypropyl methycellulose (HPMC)-beeswax (BW) stand-alone edible films. The effect of these films formed as coatings on the postharvest quality of 'Ortanique' mandarins was also studied. Selected FAs were stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and oleic acid (OA), using BW/FA ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:0.2 (w/w). HPMCBW coatings reduced weight and firmness loss of 'Ortanique' mandarins, without compromising flavor quality compared to uncoated mandarins. Coatings containing OA provided the best weight loss control at both concentrations tested; however, when the BW/OA ratio was 1:0.5, the coatings increased fruit internal CO2, ethanol, and acetaldehyde contents of 'Ortanique' mandarins, therefore reducing flavor compared to the rest of the coatings studied. Although barrier and mechanical properties might be used to understand coating performance, differences observed between film oxygen permeability and coating permeability indicate that permeance should be measured on the coated fruit.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of moisture content and film composition on biodegradability is the focus of this study. Flexible films were first characterized for the effect on water sorption isotherms of relative humidity, temperature, zein content, and the addition of the plasticizers stearic acid, poly(ethylene glycol), or etoxylated ricine oil. Zein/ethylcellulose (EC) mixture films had a behavior between that for pure zein and EC films, which had the lowest water sorption. For films with plasticizer, the lowest water sorption at 25 degrees C was observed for those with stearic acid. Biodegradability of zein/EC films, evaluated using bacterial cultures selected for their zein proteolytic activity and isolated from a local solid waste landfill and a lagoon, showed no plasticizer effect even though its effect on moisture content was significant. Large differences were observed at different film zein concentration with the highest biodegradability for 100% zein. However, biodegradability did not mimic the water sorption behavior of zein/EC mixture films.  相似文献   

13.
辉光放电低温等离子体改性大豆分离蛋白可食膜工艺优化   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
李帅  梁珊  谷雨 《农业工程学报》2018,34(14):280-287
为制备具有良好性能的可食膜,该文采用大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)为成膜基材,利用辉光放电等离子体作用对可食膜进行改性,并研究等离子体处理时间、丙三醇质量浓度、pH值对可食膜水蒸气透过系数(water vapor permeability,WVP)、氧气透过率(oxygen permeability,OP)抗拉强度(tensile strength,TS)、断裂伸长率(elongation,E)的影响。利用响应面法对工艺参数进行优化,得到各因素对可食膜性能影响的大小依次为pH值丙三醇质量浓度等离子体处理时间。试验结果表明:丙三醇质量浓度为0.02 g/mL、等离子体处理时间为11.31 min、pH值为11,可食膜性能综合得分S为0.90。此时可食膜的断裂伸长率为273.77%、抗张强度为3.46 MPa、水蒸气透过系数为1.81×10~(-12) g/(cm·s·Pa)、氧气透过率为1.43×10~(-5) cm~3/(m~2·d·Pa)。通过原子力显微镜和接触角测量仪对可食膜表面进行观察,结果表明:经低温等离子体处理的可食膜表面物理结构发生改变,粗糙度增加,水接触角变小,有效提高大豆分离蛋白膜的机械性能和表面润湿性。  相似文献   

14.
Dry-milled yellow corn and freshly ground food and nonfood grade yellow and white hybrid corn kernels were pretreated in a solution of lactic acid and sodium metabisulfite followed by extraction with 70% ethanol. Zein was precipitated from the extract by reducing the ethanol content of the extract to 40%. Lipid associated with the zein isolates was between 15 and 20% and contained mostly endogenous free fatty acids. The effect of the endogenous free fatty acids on zein isolate films, with and without free fatty acids, was determined by measuring various film properties. Stress-strain measurements indicated 40-200% greater elongation for zein films containing endogenous free fatty acids. Films prepared from zein isolated from preground corn stored for approximately 4 months (27 degrees C, 17% relative humidity) had approximately 3 times greater elongation values than zein films prepared from freshly ground corn.  相似文献   

15.
Volatile agrochemicals such as 2-heptanone have potential in safely and effectively controlling important agricultural pests provided that they are properly delivered. The present study reports the permeability of starch gel matrices and various coatings, some of which are agricultural-based, that could be used in controlled release devices. Low-density, microcellular starch foam was made from wheat, Dent corn, and high amylose corn starches. The foam density ranged from 0.14 to 0.34 g/cm3, the pore volume ranged from 74 to 89%, and the loading capacity ranged from 2.3 to 7.2 times the foam weight. The compressive properties of the foam were not markedly affected by saturating the pore volume with silicone oil. The vapor transmission rate (VTR) and vapor permeability (VP) were measured in dry, porous starch foam and silicone-saturated starch gels. VTR values were highest in foam samples containing solvents with high vapor pressures. Silicone oil-saturated gels had lower VTR and VP values as compared to the dry foam. However, the silicone oil gel did not markedly reduce the VP for 2-heptanone and an additional vapor barrier or coating was needed to adequately reduce the evaporation rate. The VP of films of beeswax, paraffin, ethylene vinyl alcohol, a fruit film, and a laminate comprised of beeswax and fruit film was measured. The fruit film had a relatively high VP for polar solvents and a very low VP for nonpolar solvents. The laminate film provided a low VP for polar and nonpolar solvents. Perforating the fruit film portion of the laminate provided a method of attaining the target flux rate of 2-heptanone. The results demonstrate that the vapor flux rate of biologically active solvents can be controlled using agricultural materials.  相似文献   

16.
为考察壳聚糖对鱿鱼皮明胶膜的改性效果,将壳聚糖添加到明胶溶液中,考察壳聚糖的添加量对鱿鱼皮明胶复合膜机械性能、水蒸气透过率、透光性及其结构的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖能有效改善鱿鱼皮明胶膜的有关性能指标,当鱿鱼皮明胶溶液与壳聚糖溶液以60∶40(v/v)比例混合,制得复合膜的断裂伸长率相比单一明胶膜下降,但其抗拉伸强度、透光率和水蒸气阻隔能力分别比单一明胶膜提高了652%、11%和48%;差示扫描量热仪、红外及扫描电镜分析结果显示,壳聚糖能与鱿鱼皮明胶相互作用,形成结构致密的均相体系,提高复合膜的热变性温度。综上可知,鱿鱼皮明胶与壳聚糖之间具有良好的相容性,壳聚糖是一种较理想的明胶膜改性材料。本试验结果为鱿鱼皮明胶作为食品保鲜膜的应用提了供依据。  相似文献   

17.
Gliadins and glutenins were extracted from commercial wheat gluten on the basis of their extractability in ethanol and used to produce film-forming solutions. Films cast using these gliadin- and glutenin-rich solutions were characterized. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer, and its effect on the films was also studied. Films obtained from the glutenin fraction presented higher tensile strength values and lower elongation at break and water vapor permeability values than gliadin films. Gliadin films disintegrated when immersed in water. The GAB isotherm model was used to describe the equilibrium moisture sorption of the films. The glycerol concentration largely modified mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of both film types.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of the composition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-beeswax (BW) edible coatings on stand-alone film properties and on postharvest quality of coated 'Angeleno' plums was studied. Glycerol (G) and mannitol (M) were tested as plasticizers at two different plasticizer/HPMC ratios (100:1 and 300:1 molar basis). BW content was 20 or 40% (dry basis). An increase in G content increased film flexibility and vapor permeability (WVP), whereas an increase in M content enhanced film brittleness without affecting WVP. An increase in BW content reduced film flexibility and reduced WVP of only G-plasticized films. Coatings reduced plum softening and bleeding, but were not effective in reducing plum weight loss. At low plasticizer content, coatings reduced texture loss effectively. Low BW also lowered plum bleeding. Plasticizer type affected only ethanol and acetaldehyde contents without affecting the remaining quality parameters. Therefore, HPMC-BW coatings have the potential to extend the shelf life of plums. However, this effect depends on coating composition. Differences between coating and film performance indicate that data from stand-alone films may be used as a preliminary screening, but coating performance should be analyzed on coated fruit.  相似文献   

19.
Chemical (vapors of formaldehyde), physical (temperature, UV and gamma radiation), and aging treatments were applied to wheat gluten films. Changes in film mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, solubility, and color coordinates were investigated. An aging of 360 h led to a 75 and 314% increase in tensile strength and Young's modulus, respectively, and a 36% decrease in elongation. Severe thermal (above 110 degrees C, 15 min) and formaldehyde treatments highly improved the mechanical resistance of the films. Under these conditions, up to 376 and 654% increase in tensile strength and Young's modulus and up to 66% decrease in elongation have been observed. Water solubility was only slightly modified, whereas water vapor permeability was not affected. Color coordinates of films heated above 95 degrees C changed to a great extent. An almost total insolubilization of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate occurred for heat- and formaldehyde-treated films, due to the modification of protein network leading to changes in properties of the films.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, antimicrobial films were developed against Campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid (GA) into zein-based films. The zein and zein-wax composite films containing GA between 2.5 and 10 mg/cm(2) were effective on different C. jejuni strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Zein and zein-wax composite films showed different release profiles in distilled water but quite similar release profiles at solid agar medium. Depending on incorporated GA concentration, 60-80% of GA released from the films, while the remaining GA was bound or trapped by film matrix. The GA at 2.5 and 5 mg/cm(2) caused a considerable increase in elongation (57-280%) of all zein films and eliminated their classical flexibility problems. The zein-wax composite films were less flexible than zein films, but the films showed similar tensile strengths and Young's modulus. Scanning electron microscopy indicated different morphologies of zein and zein-wax composite films. This study clearly showed the good potential of zein and GA to develop flexible antimicrobial films against C. jejuni.  相似文献   

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