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近年来研究揭示,硒和维生素E可增强乳腺的抗病力,有效地防止奶牛乳房炎的发生。一、硒和维生素E的抗乳房炎作用机理 Julien等(1959)在研究硒和维生素E对奶牛胎盘滞留影响的研究中首先发现,喂低硒日粮可增加奶牛乳房炎的发生。以后的许多研究也都证实硒和维生素E对奶牛乳房的健康都是重要的。那么, 相似文献
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近年来的研究显示,乳房炎的发病率和严重性与牛群中的维生素E和硒的状况有关。奶牛日粮中补充维生素E和硒能降低临床型乳房炎的发病率,并缩短临床症状持续时间。应用维生素E和硒可以增强奶牛对乳房炎的抗病力,维生素E和硒的作用可能涉及奶牛的非特异性防御机制。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是一种多因素疾病,给世界各国奶牛业造成了巨大的经济损失.越来越多的试验研究表明乳房炎的发病率和严重性与牛群中的VE和硒的水平有关.日粮中添加维生素E(VE)和硒(Se)能降低临床乳房炎的发病率,并能缩短病程,二者中任何一个缺乏其生理后果是中性白细胞活性的降低.本文的目的是综述VE和Se在抗奶牛乳房炎中的作用,并阐明分析VE和Se增强多形核白细胞活性的免疫学机制. 相似文献
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防治奶牛乳房炎中维生素E和硒的作用及机制研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
奶牛乳房炎是一种多因素疾病，给世界各国奶牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。越来越多的试验研究表明乳房炎的发病率和严重性与牛群中的Ve和硒的水平有关。日粮中添加维生素E(Ve)和硒(Se)能降低临床乳房炎的发病率，并能缩短病程，二者中任何一个缺乏其生理后果是中性白细胞活性的降低。本文的目的是综述Ve和Se在抗奶牛乳房炎中的作用，并阐明分析Ve和Se增强多形核白细胞活性的免疫学机制。 相似文献
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给奶牛提供适宜而足够的营养和控制奶牛乳房炎的发生,是促进奶牛多产奶、产好奶的关键。而适宜的微量元素供给对奶牛乳房健康和产奶质量有相当大的影响,特别是微量元素硒、锌和铜,能够减少产犊和泌乳早期临床乳房炎的感染和发病率,从而获得较好的经济效益。1补硒硒和维生素E在保护动物机体免受疾病感染方面起重要作用,缺乏硒和维生素E会显著降低奶牛对乳房疾病的抵御能力。对分娩前60天和整个泌乳期的青年母牛,在分娩前每天每头添加1000国际单位维生素E和2mg硒,在泌乳期每天每头补充600～800国际单位维生素E和2mg硒,可使母牛产犊时疾病感… 相似文献
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目前常用的控制奶牛乳房炎的饲料添加剂有以下几种：1维生素E和硒近年来的研究表明，乳房炎的感染受血浆维生素E和硒水平的影响。在日粮中添加维生素E和硒能够提高乳腺对感染的天然抵抗力。维生素E具有抗氧化作用，是所有脂类膜必不可少的组成部分，可消除细胞膜上的自由基，从而保护中性粒细胞的细胞膜免受自由基的攻击和过氧化损伤。维生素E对机体的免疫反应有重要影响，它不仅能增强机体的体液免疫反应，而且能提高细胞免疫功能和嗜中性白细胞杀伤金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的能力。众多试验证明，维生素E能提高奶牛某些免疫细胞的功能，改善乳房的健康以及降低犊牛的发病率和死亡率等。 相似文献
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1预防1．1饲料奶牛日粮中适量添加抗氧化性微量养分可增强奶牛对乳房炎的抵抗力。因为，牛群乳房炎的发病程度与体内β-胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素E、硒、锌及铜的水平有关。感染乳房炎的奶牛血浆及乳中β-胡萝卜索和维生素E的浓度均明显低于健康牛，其感染程度越严重，血浆β-胡萝卜素和维生素E的浓度就越低，牛乳中体细胞数及临床乳房炎的发生率均与其维生素E的摄入量及血浆硒浓度呈负相关。维生素E和硒不仅能增强机体的体液免疫，还可以增加血清中免疫球蛋白的水平，使抗体合成量增加，还能提高细胞免疫功能和嗜中性白细胞对金黄色球菌和大肠杆菌的杀伤能力。 相似文献
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Selenium and vitamin E in blood sera of cows from farms with increased incidence of disease 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Selenium and vitamin E concentrations were measured in the blood sera of 287 cows in 91 herds. Herds with chronic mastitis and muscle diseases had significantly lower selenium concentrations (10.4 +/- 5.26 and 11.7 +/- 8.63 micrograms/litre serum, respectively) than healthy control herds (17.7 +/- 15.00 micrograms/litre). The selenium concentrations in herds with low fertility did not differ from control herds. The vitamin E concentrations were similar in all the herds. Supplementation of the mineral mixture with 20 mg sodium selenite and 2 g vitamin E/kg on 15 farms with a deficient selenium supply increased the selenium concentrations in the blood within two months in 12 of the herds. The vitamin E concentrations were hardly influenced by the supplementation. 相似文献
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Studies on the incidence of clinical mastitis and blood levels of vitamin E and selenium in dairy herds in England 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In a trial conducted in the south of England in January to February 1989, blood samples were obtained from nine dairy herds with more than 30 cases of clinical mastitis/100 cows and from nine herds with less than 30 cases/100 cows during the previous 12 months. Whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity and plasma vitamin E concentration were determined for 12 cows in each herd. The mean (+/-sd) values for the herds with the lower incidence of mastitis were 7.57 +/- 1.86 micrograms/ml plasma vitamin E and 23.8 +/- 22.8 U/ml rbc GSHPx activity, compared with 7.74 +/- 1.69 micrograms/ml plasma vitamin E and 20.61 +/- 8.8 U/ml rbc GSHPx activity for the herds with the higher incidence of the disease. These values indicate that the vitamin E levels were generally adequate but that some animals and herds had low GSHPx activities, suggesting that their diets may have contained inadequate selenium. The activities of GSHPx and the vitamin E levels in plasma were not significantly different in the two groups of herds, and no relationship was found between the two nutrients and the incidence of clinical mastitis. However, there was a significant negative correlation between the activity of GSHPx and the bulk milk cell counts in the herds with a low incidence of mastitis suggesting that there was an association between the incidence of subclinical mastitis or inflammation and the selenium status of these herds. 相似文献
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The Influences of Dietary Selenium and Vitamin E Intakes on Milk Somatic Cell Counts and Mastitis in Cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hemingway RG 《Veterinary research communications》1999,23(8):481-499
Dietary supplements of selenium and vitamin E in greater amounts than are required for nutritional adequacy can have complementary functions in reducing somatic cell counts and both the severity and duration of clinical mastitis. Selenium inadequacy is geographically widespread and can frequently be a year-round problem. In contrast, an adequate intake of fresh grass and quality grass silage or other green, leafy material should provide adequate vitamin E. Many observations indicate that in farm situations where there is good udder hygiene and where long-acting antibiotic treatment is given at drying off, significant correlations are found between the mean bulk milk somatic cell counts and the blood selenium concentration or glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood, even where plasma vitamin E concentration is fully adequate. The accompanying reduced incidence of clinically affected quarters diminishes the need for corrective antibiotic treatment during lactation. Presentation of selenium and vitamin E within a sustained-release rumen bolus system during the dry period and into the succeeding lactation is a convenient means of supplementation to avoid over- or under-consumption by individual cows within a group. Adequate hygiene of the environment, the milking equipment and the udder are essential. 相似文献
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The currently recommended intake of vitamin E for dairy cows is based on the prevention of nutritional myopathy, a calf disease. However, it is likely that the vitamin E requirement of the modern dairy cow is very different from that of a calf. This review of the literature investigates the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the health and fertility of the dairy cow. Supplementation of high levels of vitamin E (at least 1000 iu per day) during the dry period and early lactation can reduce the incidence of mastitis, possibly because of an increase in immune system activity and function, but there appears to be little benefit of supplementation on infectious diseases other than mastitis. The evidence for a response in the reproductive system is more equivocal. In herds with a history of selenium deficiency and a high incidence of retained fetal membranes, supplementation, in conjunction with selenium, can reduce retention, but the evidence for an effect of supplementation on other reproductive diseases, such as cystic ovarian disease and metritis, is based on a very limited number of cases. The literature suggests that the current recommendations for vitamin E are inadequate. In particular, it suggests that the current linking of requirement to dry matter intake is incorrect, because vitamin E requirement is probably at its highest when intake is at its lowest However, the majority of the data on which this conclusion is based, come from North America where cows will encounter significantly different levels of oxidative stress from cows in the EU. 相似文献
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D O'Rourke 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(Z4):S15
Mastitis is still one of the three main diseases that affects the profitability of dairy farmers. Despite the implementation of the five-point mastitis control programme in the early 1970 s, the incidence in the UK has not reduced dramatically over the past 10 years. A review of the scientific literature indicates that there is a link between nutrition and mastitis in the dairy cow. The major impact of nutrition on udder health is via suppression of the immune system. Cows in negative energy balance are at a higher risk of ketosis and clinical ketosis is associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of clinical mastitis. Trace minerals and vitamins that can affect udder health are selenium and vitamin E, copper, zinc, and vitamin A and β-carotene. 相似文献
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The effect of varying levels of dietary vitamin E on selenium status was determined using 40 Wistar rats with similar initial body weight. The rats were equally divided into four groups and fed the following dietary treatments (mg vitamin E/kg DM): 18 (control; C‐diet), 0 (0E‐diet), 9 (0.5E‐diet) and 36 (2E‐diet) for either 4‐week (Phase 1) or 8‐week (Phase 2) period. At the end of experiment, animals were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and selenium levels in the brain, liver, spleen, kidney, muscles and blood tissues. Dietary vitamin E levels did not affect feed and water intake and body weight. But whole‐blood selenium concentration in rats fed 0E‐diet was higher than in rats fed 2E‐diet after 4 weeks. Selenium level in muscle, spleen and brain was also higher (p < 0.05) in rats fed the 0E‐diet than in rats fed C‐diet after 4 weeks of feeding. On the other hand, selenium level in the muscle was lower (p < 0.05) in rats fed 0.5E‐diet than in those fed 0E‐diet after 4 weeks of feeding, but not after 8 weeks of feeding. Increasing dietary vitamin E level directly influenced selenium content of the spleen and brain after 8 weeks of feeding 2E‐diet. Moreover, the twofold increase in vitamin E intake resulted in a tendency to reduce whole‐blood selenium level and total selenium in the liver and kidney after 4 and 8 weeks. The results showed that the increasing dietary vitamin E level resulted in a tendency to reduce Se contents in some vital organs of the body such as the liver and kidney, suggesting their close compensatory interrelationship. Therefore, dietary vitamin E level directly influenced selenium metabolism in the animal body. 相似文献
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F Berschneider M Hess K Neuffer S Willer 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1976,30(5):627-632
The LD50-values of sodium selenite after i/m injection to rabbits was determined by means of probit-regression straight line. Simultaneously a combination of vitamin E and sodium selenite was tested for toxicity in order to examine the effect of vitamin E on the selenium toxicity. The LD50/24h was 2.53 mg sodium selenite/kg body mass and in combination with vitamin E (30 IU vitamin E/5 mg NaSeO3) 2.73 mg/kg. Furthermore the selenium concentration was determined in blood, liver, kidney and muscles of animals which died or were killed after 24 h respectively. Not only chemical analysis but also relations of time-dose-efficiency and significantly increased LD50-values show a certain protective effect of vitamin E on selenium intoxication. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to determine whether a combination of vitamin E and selenium was able to counteract the immunosuppressive
effects of chronic toxicity of malathion in chicks. The chicks were divided into three groups. The first group received malathion
10 mg/kg body weight; the second group received the same dose of malathion but was supplemented with vitamin E and selenium
for 60 days; and the third group served as the control. The concentration of total immunoglobulins and circulatory immune
complexes decreased following the administration of malathion, whereas the supplementation of the diet with vitamin E and
selenium partially counteracted this effect. The histopathological changes in the bursa of Fabricius due to malathion were
consistent with these findings. Supplementation with vitamin E and selenium partially ameliorated the degenerative changes
in the bursa of Fabricius.
Sodhi, S., Sharma, A. and Brar, R.S., 2006. A protective effect of vitamin E and selenium in ameliorating the immunotoxicity
of malathion in chicks. Veterinary Research Communications, 30(8), 935–942 相似文献
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硒与维生素E对鸡马杜霉素急性中毒的保护作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在实验条件下用7mg/kg bw.剂量的马杜霉不诱发鸡急性中毒，处理组鸡在给马杜霉素前给予硒（0.2mg/kg bw.剂量，内服）－维生素E（每kg饲料含200mg)7d，在给马杜霉素后给予硒（0.2mg/kg bw.剂量，内服）－维生素E（200mg/kg bw.剂量，肌注）4d，中毒组在给马杜霉素前后不给任何硒和维生素E，对照组既不给马杜霉素，也不给硒与维生素E。结果是：处理组鸡的死亡率显著低于中毒组（P＜0.05），且病鸡恢复比中毒组快。处理组的肝脏、心肌、骨骼肌的出血与变性比中毒组轻，但处理组与中毒组的肾脏的出血与变性的程度相似；处理组的血清GOT值、肝脏的脂质过氧化物的含量、肝脏过氧化氢酶的性均显著低于中毒组；但处理组的血清CK值与中毒组相比无显著性差异。结果表明硒与维生素E对鸡马杜霉素急性中毒有较好的保护作用。 相似文献
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Studies on vitamin E and selenium deficiency in young pigs. I. Hematological and biochemical changes. 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0 
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下载免费PDF全文 M Fontaine V E Valli L G Young J H Lumsden 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1977,41(1):41-51
Pigs which were deficient in vitamin E and/or selenium had the following parameters weekly determined from six to 13 weeks of age: Packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red cell and white cell counts, red cell indices, reticulocyte count, serum iron, serum total iron binding capacity, myeloid: erythroid ratio, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and creatine phosphokinase activities and body weight. Except for the myeloid:erythroid ratio and serum creatine phosphokinase activity, these parameters were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency or deficiency of both. The myeloid:erythroid ratio was increased (p less than 0.01) in association with selenium deficiency, which tends to indicate decreased erythropoiesis but was not reflected in the peripheral red cell picture. Evidence of dyserythropoiesis was not found to be a significant feature in serial bone marrow aspiration biopsies of vitamin E and/or selenium deficient pigs. Even if the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities were not found to be significantly affected by either vitamin E deficiency, selenium deficiency or deficiency in both as compared to replete animals, a few animals, especially in the group deficient in both vitamin E and selenium, presented quite marked transient increases of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity which was interpreted to reflect the occurrence of acute episodes of hepatosis dietetica. Serum creatine phosphokinase activities were found to be increased in association with vitamin E deficiency (p less than 0.01), selenium deficiency (less than 0.05) and the interaction was also significant (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that the serum creatine phosphokinase activity increases reflect the occurrence of subclinical muscular dystrophy and that vitamin E and selenium deficiencies have marked additive effects in the induction of skeletal muscular dystrophy. 相似文献