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裂谷热（Rift Valley fever, RVF）是绵羊、山羊和牛的一种急性、慢性传染性病毒病，也可传染给啮齿动物和人。动物感染该病的重症症状为发烧、厌食、流涕、急性腹泻、甚至严重黄疸。羔羊和犊牛死亡率达90％，怀孕母羊和母牛流产率高达80％～100％。人感染后主要由于出血热并发症导致死亡，死亡率＜1％。RVF由蚊子传播，潜伏期短，病程发展迅速，国际兽疫局（OIE）将其列为A类疫病，我国列为一类疫病。 相似文献
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裂谷热(Rift valley fever,RVF)是由裂谷热病毒(Rift valley fever virus,RVFV)引起的烈性人畜共患传染病。囊膜糖蛋白G是病毒的主要结构蛋白,由基因组M节段编码,翻译后裂解为Gn和Gc,其中Gn为诱导中和抗体的主要免疫原。本研究分别构建了表达RVFV囊膜蛋白G(n c)和Gn的重组痘病毒rVV-G (n c)和rVV-Gn。SDS-PAGE、Western blot结果表明分子量分别为56 Ku(Gn)、58 Ku(Gc)左右的重组蛋白在rVV-G(n c)和rVV-Gn哺乳动物细胞获得准确表达[G(n c)裂解为Gn和Gc],并具有特异免疫反应原性。以rBac-G(n c)和rBac-Gn感染的昆虫细胞裂解物为包被抗原,间接ELISA检测血清抗体结果显示,rVV-G (n c)和rVV-Gn免疫小鼠可诱导显著的Gn、Gc特异抗体反应,并且rVV-G(n c)免疫诱导主要保护性免疫原Gn特异抗体反应效果优于rVV-Gn。结果表明,表达全长囊膜糖蛋白重组痘病毒rG(n c)具有作为安全有效的重组病毒活载体疫苗的潜力,为RVF重组亚单位疫苗的探索研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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（接上期）7 裂谷热（Rift Valley fever）7．1 概念：裂谷热（RVF）是反刍动物和人共患的一种烈性传染病，被OIE列为A类传染病。本病于1921年最先在肯尼亚发生，1931年在该国“裂谷地区”的发病羊中分离出病毒，故称“裂谷热”。人、绵羊、山羊、羚羊、牛、犬、猫、骆驼、啮齿动物、猴等对本病均易感。也有从马血清中分离出该病毒的报告。7．2 病原：裂谷热病原为一种病毒，该病毒类似于布尼安科（Bunyaviridae）病毒，与白岭热属病毒有血清学交叉反应。病毒在低温（冻结或冻干）状态下可长期存活，它可在－4℃的血清中存活3年，在室温… 相似文献
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重组杆状病毒表达裂谷热囊膜蛋白的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
裂谷热（Rift valley fever，RVF）是由裂谷热病毒（RVFV）引起的烈性人兽共患传染病。囊膜糖蛋白G是病毒的主要结构蛋白，由基因组M节段编码，翻译后裂解为GN和GC，其中GN为诱导中和抗体的主要免疫原。本研究构建了分别表达RVFV囊膜蛋白G（N＋C）、GN及GC的重组杆状病毒rBac—GCN＋C、rBac-GN及rBac-GC。SDS-PAGE、Western-Blot表明分子量分别为56Ku、58Ku左右的重组GN和GC在rBac—GCN＋C、rBac-GN及rBac-GC感染sf9昆虫细胞中获得表达，并具有特异免疫反应原性。以rBac—GN、rBac—GC和rBac—G（N＋C）感染的昆虫细胞裂解物稀释后直接包被ELISA板，检测灭活RVFV免疫小鼠血清特异囊膜蛋白GN、GC特异抗体，显示出高度敏感性和特异性。结果表明，杆状病毒表达rGN、rGC和rG（N＋c）具有替代RVFV全病毒（尤其是rGN），作为非疫区安全、敏感和特异的诊断抗原的潜力，并为RvF重组亚单位疫苗的探索研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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裂谷热(RVF)是一种虫媒病毒病,主要感染家畜,也感染人。在非洲此病的发病率和死亡率都很高。万一发生RVF流行,就须作出快速诊断。但RVF病毒是一种危险性微生物,为防止痫毒意外传入非疫区,必须采取严格的安全措施,因此,诊断试验或 相似文献
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裂谷热(Rift Valley fever,RVF)是由裂谷热病毒(Rift Valley fever virus,RVFV)引起的一种烈性人兽共患传染病。RVFV囊膜蛋白Gn可诱导产生中和抗体,是RVFV检测方法和疫苗研究的重要抗原靶标。本研究通过分析蛋白抗原位点信息,构建包含Gn蛋白两个主要抗原区域的重组表达载体,随后将质粒转化至BL21感受态细胞,以IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达并优化蛋白表达条件,通过Western Blot鉴定重组蛋白;将重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备多克隆抗体,并以ELISA、Western Blot、IFA检测多克隆抗体的反应性。结果显示:诱导表达的Gn重组蛋白分子质量约为45 kDa;蛋白表达条件优化为IPTG终浓度0.25 mmol/L,诱导时间5 h;Western Blot鉴定发现蛋白成功表达。通过ELISA测定小鼠三免后血清抗体,结果发现抗体效价大于1:51200;Western Blot检测显示,制备的多抗血清能与重组蛋白发生反应;进一步的IFA检测结果表明,制备的多克隆抗体可与真核质粒转染细胞中表达的Gn蛋白反应。本研究获得的Gn重组蛋白及制备的多克隆抗体为后续RVFV检测方法的建立奠定了基础。 相似文献
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鹿慢性消耗性疾病(CWD)是鹿类动物的传染性海绵状脑病(TSE)。它是由朊病毒(PrP)引起的,临床主要表现为慢性型消耗,体重逐渐下降,行为异常,最后致死。该病主要感染北美地区的黑尾鹿、白尾鹿和美洲马鹿,一些野生和家养的反刍动物如牛、绵羊和山羊与染病鹿直接或间接接触也可被感染。目前还不能确定CWD与人和其它动物的TSE类疾病的关系。它的起源、发病机理、传播机制和途径尚不清楚。尽管还没有证据证明CWD可传染给人类,但是它对人类有潜在威胁。 相似文献
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White spot syndrome virus: an overview on an emergent concern 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Arturo S��nchez-Paz 《Veterinary research》2010,41(6)
Viruses are ubiquitous and extremely abundant in the marine environment. One of such marine viruses, the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), has emerged globally as one of the most prevalent, widespread and lethal for shrimp populations. However, at present there is no treatment available to interfere with the unrestrained occurrence and spread of the disease. The recent progress in molecular biology techniques has made it possible to obtain information on the factors, mechanisms and strategies used by this virus to infect and replicate in susceptible host cells. Yet, further research is still required to fully understand the basic nature of WSSV, its exact life cycle and mode of infection. This information will expand our knowledge and may contribute to developing effective prophylactic or therapeutic measures. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the topic, and emphasizes the current progress and future direction for the development of WSSV control strategies. 相似文献
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Nelson O. Owange William O. Ogara Hippolyte Affognon Gathura B. Peter Jacqueline Kasiiti Sam Okuthe W. Onyango-Ouma Tobias Landmann Rosemary Sang Murithi Mbabu 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
Ijara district in Kenya was one of the hotspots of rift valley fever (RVF) during the 2006/2007 outbreak which led to human and animal deaths causing huge economic and public health losses. The main constraint in the control and prevention of RVF is inadequate knowledge on its occurrence during the interepidemic period. This study was aimed at understanding the occurrence of RVF in cattle in Ijara to enable the development of improved community-based disease surveillance, prediction, control and prevention. 相似文献
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A Systematic Scoping Study of the Socio‐Economic Impact of Rift Valley Fever: Research Gaps and Needs 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Peyre V. Chevalier S. Abdo‐Salem A. Velthuis N. Antoine‐Moussiaux E. Thiry F. Roger 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(5):309-325
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a severe mosquito‐borne disease affecting humans and domestic ruminants. RVF virus has been reported in most African countries, as well as in the Arabic Peninsula. This paper reviews the different types of socio‐economic impact induced by RVF disease and the attempts to evaluate them. Of the 52 papers selected for this review, 13 types of socio‐economic impact were identified according to the sector impacted, the level and temporal scale of the impact. RVF has a dramatic impact on producers and livestock industries, affecting public and animal health, food security and the livelihood of the pastoralist communities. RVF also has an impact on international trade and other agro‐industries. The risk of introducing RVF into disease‐free countries via the importation of an infected animal or mosquito is real, and the consequent restriction of access to export markets may induce dramatic economic consequences for national and local economies. Despite the important threat of RVF, few studies have been conducted to assess the socio‐economic impact of the disease. The 17 studies identified for quantitative analysis in this review relied only on partial cost analysis, with limited reference to mid‐ and long‐term impact, public health or risk mitigation measures. However, the estimated impacts were high (ranging from $5 to $470 million USD losses). To reduce the impact of RVF, early detection and rapid response should be implemented. Comprehensive disease impact studies are required to provide decision‐makers with science‐based information on the best intervention measure to implement ensuring efficient resource allocation. Through the analysis of RVF socio‐economic impact, this scoping study proposes insights into the mechanisms underpinning its often‐underestimated importance. This study highlights the need for comparative socio‐economic studies to help decision‐makers with their choices related to RVF disease management. 相似文献
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Dubberke ER Haslam DB Lanzas C Bobo LD Burnham CA Gröhn YT Tarr PI 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(1):4-20
Clostridium difficile is a well recognized pathogen of humans and animals. Although C. difficile was first identified over 70 years ago, much remains unknown in regards to the primary source of human acquisition and its pathobiology. These deficits in our knowledge have been intensified by dramatic increases in both the frequency and severity of disease in humans over the last decade. The changes in C. difficile epidemiology might be due to the emergence of a hypervirulent stain of C. difficile, ageing of the population, altered risk of developing infection with newer medications, and/or increased exposure to C. difficile outside of hospitals. In recent years, there have been numerous reports documenting C. difficile contamination of various foods, and reports of similarities between strains that infect animals and strains that infect humans as well. The purposes of this review are to highlight the many challenges to diagnosing, treating, and preventing C. difficile infection in humans, and to stress that collaboration between human and veterinary researchers is needed to control this pathogen. 相似文献
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Soumare B Tempia S Cagnolati V Mohamoud A Van Huylenbroeck G Berkvens D 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,121(3-4):249-256
Following repeated import bans imposed by Saudi Arabia on livestock originated from Somalia due to suspicion of Rift Valley fever (RVF) presence and the severe socio-economic consequences of this, it was imperative for the Somaliland government to carry out surveillance activities in order to determine the status of transboundary diseases in its territory. A GIS computer software (Arcview) was used to overcome the lack of lists of sampling sites due to the high mobility of pastoral nomadic herds in the study area. This method proved very convenient and flexible for the random selection of sampling sites and thus the compliance with the requirements by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) for statistically valid methods if the surveillance outcome is to meet international recognition and acceptance. Screening in Somaliland in 2001 and in Puntland in 2003 which targeted mainly sheep and goats aged 1-2 years (97% of surveyed animals) revealed no signs compatible with the disease but an overall sero-prevalence of 2+/-0.02% (90/4570) and 5+/-0.3% (206/4050), respectively. The spatial distribution showed clusters of high sero-prevalence located mostly in the Nugal Valley. This trend was confirmed by the follow-up survey implemented in Somaliland in 2004 with a herd prevalence of 80+/-6% and a within-herd prevalence up to 50% located again in the Nugal Valley. This result suggests the maintenance and increase of RVF virus activity in the valley. In addition conditions favourable to the breeding and survival of the vector population and the high density of livestock make the Nugal Valley an area of high risk for a RVF outbreak where sentinel herds will be placed. 相似文献
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J. A. LEIGH 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,157(3):225-238
The prevalence of bovine mastitis has been reduced over the past 25 years due to the implementation of a five-point control plan aimed at reducing exposure, duration and transmission of intramammary infections by bacteria. This has markedly reduced the incidence of bovine mastitis caused by bacteria which show a contagious route of transmission, but has had little effect on the incidence of mastitis due to bacteria which infect the gland from an environmental reservoir. Streptococcus uberis is one such bacterium which is responsible for a significant proportion of clinical mastitis worldwide.The inadequacies of the current methods of mastitis control have led to the search for additional measures, particularly vaccines to prevent intramammary infection by this bacterium. Such an approach requires detailed knowledge of the pathogenesis of intramammary infection. Our understanding of this area has grown in recent years but a lack of information still hampers disease control. Both live vaccines and, recently, crude sub-unit vaccines have shown promise against bovine mastitis due to S. uberis. Vaccines against mastitis must, however, be able to control infection without the participation of a marked inflammatory response. This review provides an overview of the recent advances which have been made in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions which promote infection and disease and highlights areas for strategic research aimed at controlling this bacterial infection. 相似文献
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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in both humans and livestock. With increased world travel and the threat of bioterrorism, there is a real risk of RVFV spreading to na?ve geographical areas (Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 73, 1979, 618; MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 49, 2000, 905). The introduction of RVFV would cause critical public health, agricultural and economic damage. Despite the clear need for an efficacious vaccine, there are no United States (US) Food and Drug Administration or US Department of Agriculture approved vaccines against RVFV. To address this need, a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine candidate was developed. First, a non-replicating chimeric RVF VLP vaccine candidate was generated that protected mice and rats against a lethal RVFV challenge. This was followed by the development and optimization of conditions for production of RVF VLPs in insect and mammalian cells. Immunological studies demonstrated that VLP-based vaccine candidates elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. Subsequent challenge studies using a lethal wild-type RVFV strain under high-containment conditions showed that RVF VLP vaccine candidates can completely protect mice and rats. 相似文献
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动物衣原体病研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
动物衣原体病主要是由鹦鹉热衣原体及反刍动物衣原体引起的一种多症候传染病 ,而且是一种人畜共患病。衣原体所引起的病症复杂 ,对畜禽的生产带来了严重的损害。文章对衣原体病的病原性、临床症状、病理变化及常用的诊断技术和防制措施几个方面的研究现状作了简要综述 相似文献