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《中国预防兽医学报》2020,(9)
正哺乳动物及禽类中一直有不同的冠状病毒流行,但这些冠状病毒大多仅限于感染特定种属动物,一般不能感染人类。同样,人常见的几种冠状病毒也不感染其它动物。但是,来自蝙蝠的某些冠状病毒,如SARS和中东呼吸综合征病毒(MERS), 相似文献
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为全面了解冠状病毒的流行病学研究进展及其造成的影响,本文综述了人与动物源冠状病毒的流行病学特征,冠状病毒的宿主特性、病毒变异和病毒的跨物种传播;阐述了多种禽源、猪源、犬源、牛源、马源及人源冠状病毒的流行状况、发病特点和流行过程,冠状病毒在流行过程中所出现的遗传变异特性;明确了这些人与动物源冠状病毒对于人类健康、公共卫生和畜牧业安全所造成的影响。研究表明,冠状病毒在感染动物间广泛存在,存在病毒变异引起的跨种属宿主感染,病毒变异致病毒多样性。研究结果对于深入开展冠状病毒的基础研究、应用研究和有效防控措施提供借鉴和帮助。 相似文献
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动物冠状病毒科的疾病主要有:猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)、猪流行性腹泻(PED)、猪血凝性脑脊髓炎(HE)、鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)、火鸡蓝冠病(TCD)、犬冠状病毒病(CCV)、猫传染性腹膜炎(FC)、猫肠道冠状病毒(FECV)、新生犊牛腹泻冠状病毒病(NCDCV)、幼驹胃肠炎冠状病毒病(FGEV)等。不同种属的动物和人类因感染不同的冠状病毒,其临床症状也不尽相同。下面将主要动物冠状病毒病及综合性防治措施分述如下:1猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)猪传染性胃肠炎是由冠状病毒科、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒引起的以呕吐和腹泻为主的传染病。临床上各种年龄的猪都易感… 相似文献
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环丙沙星在动物和人体内比较药物动力学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文阐明了环丙沙星在不同种属动物和人体内药物动力学特性及影响药动力学参数的各种因素，着重比较了环丙沙星在不同动物机体内的药动力学参数，生物利用度、代谢、蛋白结合率等的种属差异性。 相似文献
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动物红细胞免疫功能的研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文应用免疫花环试验测定了黑白花奶牛、水牛、鸡、鸭、小灵猫以及鸡传染性法氏囊病、马立克氏病和霍乱病红细胞上C_3b受体与免疫复合物的变化。检测了它们在红细胞上形成的花环。结果表明,动物因种属不同,红细胞上C_3b受体的数量有着极明显的差异,以鸭为最多,黑白花奶牛最少。动物患病后,红细胞上的C_3b受体可明显地减少。鸡传染性法氏囊病、霍乱病和马立克氏病皆非常明显地低于健康鸡。而红细胞上的免疫复合物,各种动物虽有差异,但差异不显著。患病鸡略低于健康鸡。 相似文献
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The relationship of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus with avian and other coronaviruses
Jackwood MW 《Avian diseases》2006,50(3):315-320
In February 2003, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in humans in Guangdong Province, China, and caused an epidemic that had severe impact on public health, travel, and economic trade. Coronaviruses are worldwide in distribution, highly infectious, and extremely difficult to control because they have extensive genetic diversity, a short generation time, and a high mutation rate. They can cause respiratory, enteric, and in some cases hepatic and neurological diseases in a wide variety of animals and humans. An enormous, previously unrecognized reservoir of coronaviruses exists among animals. Because coronaviruses have been shown, both experimentally and in nature, to undergo genetic mutations and recombination at a rate similar to that of influenza viruses, it is not surprising that zoonosis and host switching that leads to epidemic diseases have occurred among coronaviruses. Analysis of coronavirus genomic sequence data indicates that SARS-CoV emerged from an animal reservoir. Scientists examining coronavirus isolates from a variety of animals in and around Guangdong Province reported that SARS-CoV has similarities with many different coronaviruses including avian coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-like viruses from a variety of mammals found in live-animal markets. Although a SARS-like coronavirus isolated from a bat is thought to be the progenitor of SARS-CoV, a lack of genomic sequences for the animal coronaviruses has prevented elucidation of the true origin of SARS-CoV. Sequence analysis of SARS-CoV shows that the 5' polymerase gene has a mammalian ancestry; whereas the 3' end structural genes (excluding the spike glycoprotein) have an avian origin. Spike glycoprotein, the host cell attachment viral surface protein, was shown to be a mosaic of feline coronavirus and avian coronavirus sequences resulting from a recombination event. Based on phylogenetic analysis designed to elucidate evolutionary links among viruses, SARS-CoV is believed to have branched from the modern Group 2 coronaviruses, suggesting that it evolved relatively rapidly. This is significant because SARS-CoV is likely still circulating in an animal reservoir (or reservoirs) and has the potential to quickly emerge and cause a new epidemic. 相似文献
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Equine coronavirus (ECoV) was first isolated from a diarrheic foal and was found genetically similar to group II coronaviruses. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately investigated. In our preliminary in vitro investigation, ECoV-induced cell death was observed in bovine kidney-derived MDBK cells. Based on this finding, we investigated whether the ECoV-induced CPE was apoptosis. Following ECoV infection, MDBK cells showed morphological changes such as cell rounding and detachment from the culture surface. Moreover, syncytium formation was observed as the other type of cytopathic effect in ECoV infection. Morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis, such as nuclear fragmentation and DNA ladder formation, were also detected in ECoV-infected cells. Moreover, as is commonly observed in coronavirus infection in other animals, the activities of effecter caspases – caspase-3/7 – and initiator caspases – caspase-8 and caspase-9 – that are representative factors in the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, respectively, were increased in ECoV-infected MDBK cells. Therefore, it was suggested that ECoV can induce apoptosis in MDBK cells via a caspase-dependent pathway. Apoptotic death of infected cells is detrimental because it causes cell and tissue destruction and inflammatory responses. Although the pathological characteristics of ECoV are largely unknown, apoptosis may be the pathological basis of lesions of the digestive system in ECoV infection. 相似文献
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Cathy A. Johnson-Delaney 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2010,19(3):207-215
There are a number of newly described and emerging disease syndromes affecting the domestic ferret, and the purpose of this article is to make veterinarians aware of these diseases. A recently described systemic coronavirus infection appears to be a variant of the ferret enteric coronavirus and is currently termed “ferret infectious peritonitis.” Disseminated immunopathologic myositis, aplastic anemia/bone marrow aplasia, acute hemorrhagic syndrome, and oral ulcerations are also described, although the exact etiologies for these diseases have yet to be determined. There appears to be at least 2 important amino acid metabolism deficiencies in ferrets: hindlimb weakness in older ferrets (L-carnitine) and cysteine urolithiasis. Ferrets have recently been found to be susceptible to H1N1 influenza, so knowledge regarding this zoonotic disease is essential for veterinarians working with these animals. A novel Mycoplasma spp. has also recently been identified in ferrets with chronic respiratory problems that originated from one breeding colony. Because these diseases are still being investigated, practitioners who treat a ferret patient exhibiting clinical signs consistent with any of the conditions mentioned are encouraged to contact people who are knowledgeable of that particular illness. 相似文献
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W Herbst E Klatt T Schliesser 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1989,102(4):129-131
Of paired serum samples of 196 cattle with respiratory disease from 37 herds which were tested for hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against coronavirus (BCV) 185 of the first specimens and 190 of the second ones gave positive results. This difference was due to five animals of five different farms showing seroconversions between the time of the blood collections. A significant rise in antibody titer (no less than 4-fold) was evident in 28 cattle from 3 of the above mentioned and 12 other farms. Altogether serological indication of acute coronavirus infections were gained in 33 (16.8%) of animals with respiratory diseases which derived from 17 of 37 herds. Most of these infections (about 35%) occurred in animals older than 6 months while calves up to 3 or 6 months were only affected in a ratio of ca. 10%, respectively. 相似文献
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Selective breeding programmes in domestic and laboratory animals generally focus on physiological and/or anatomical characteristics. However, selection may have an (unintended) impact on other characteristics and may lead to dysfunctional behaviour that can affect biological functioning and, as a consequence, compromise welfare and quality of life. In this review it is proposed that various behavioural dysfunctions in animals are due to pathological anxiety. Although several approaches have been undertaken to specify the diagnostic criteria of pathological anxiety as a behavioural disorder in animals, the causal aetiology largely remains unknown. This is mainly due to the fact that integrated concepts, combining the behavioural syndrome and (neuro-) physiological processes, are widely lacking. Moreover, even the term anxiety itself represents a poorly defined concept or category. A definition is suggested and the potential causes of pathological anxiety are explored with a plea for developing adequate diagnostic tools and therapies to fight pathological anxiety in animals based on insight from scientific research. 相似文献
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Feline immunodeficiency virus in Switzerland: clinical aspects and epidemiology in comparison with feline leukemia virus and coronaviruses 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
H Lutz R Lehmann G Winkler B Kottwitz A Dittmer C Wolfensberger P Arnold 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1990,132(5):217-225
Serum samples from 1421 domestic cats (561 healthy, 860 sick) were tested for FIV-, FeLV- and coronavirus infection. The results were stored in a computer data base and compared with epidemiologic data and clinical findings. All 3 infections were significantly more prevalent in sick than healthy cats: FIV was found in 0.7% of healthy and 3.4% of sick cats. For FeLV the prevalence was 3.0% and 13.0% and for coronavirus 21% and 36.2%, respectively. FIV-infected cats were mostly male (73%); no sex predilection was observed in FeLV- and coronavirus infection. In sick cats FIV-infection was significantly more prevalent in cats greater than 2 years of age; no age-dependence was found in FeLV- and coronavirus infections. The prevalence of FIV-infection increased significantly with the number of animals per household. In contrast, the frequency of FeLV infection decreased with the number of animals per household. Prevalence of coronavirus infection did not vary with group size or living conditions. The following clinical symptoms were associated with infection: FIV: general depression, diseases of the urinary tract; FeLV: general depression, fever, rough hair coat, lymphadenopathy, impaired functions of heart and circulation and muscle atrophy; coronavirus: lymphadenopathy and alterations in the abdomen. It was concluded that based on the clinical symptoms alone FIV-infection could not be diagnosed nor differentiated from the other 2 infections. 相似文献
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SARS灭活疫苗的实验免疫初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察 SARS灭活疫苗在实验动物体内的免疫效果 ,初步探讨 SARS灭活疫苗的免疫机理。方法 :利用 Vero E6细胞培养 SARS病毒 ,加入甲醛将其灭活 ,以此为抗原 ,筛选合适佐剂 ,制定合理的免疫程序 ,分别免疫 BAL B/ c小鼠、C57BL/ 6J小鼠及 SD大鼠 ,免疫后每两周采外周血一次 ,用流式细胞仪测外周血 CD4 、CD8 ,计算淋巴细胞总数。同时用 EL ISA法及中和抗体法测定抗 SARS冠状病毒 Ig G抗体的水平。结果显示 :与对照组比较 ,SARS灭活疫苗进行免疫后的实验动物外周血淋巴细胞的百分比计数、CD4 / CD8 T淋巴细胞之间的比值随着时间的变化均有不同程度的增长 ;Ig G中和抗体水平达到 1∶ 2 560 ,EL ISA抗体水平达到 1∶40 960。表明 SARS灭活疫苗可以有效刺激实验动物体内 T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的活化过程 ,能成功诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫 ;SARS灭活疫苗同时还具有较强的免疫原性 ,可刺激实验动物产生具有免疫保护作用的特异性 Ig G抗体 相似文献
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The emergence of human severe acute respiratory syndrome incited renewed interest in animal coronaviruses (CoVs) as potential agents of direct and indirect zoonoses. The reinforced epidemiological surveillance on CoVs has led to the identification of new viruses, genotypes, pathotypes and host variants in animals and humans. In dogs, a CoV associated with mild enteritis, canine coronavirus (CCoV), has been known since 1970s. CoV strains with different biological and genetic properties with respect to classical CCoV strains have been identified in dogs in the last few years, leading to a full reconsideration of the CoV-induced canine diseases. The genetic evolution of dog CoVs is paradigmatic of how CoVs evolve through accumulation of point mutations, insertions or deletions in the viral genome, that led to the emergence of new genotypes (CCoV type I), biotypes (pantropic CCoV) and host variants (canine respiratory coronavirus). This paper is a review of the current literature on the recent genetic evolution of CCoV and emergence of new CoVs in the dog. The significances of the newly acquired information for the canine health status and prophylaxis programmes are also discussed. 相似文献