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1.
The Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe initiated a hybrid breeding program of Eucalyptus grandis with E. tereticornis (G × T) and E. camaldulensis (G × C) in order to provide suitable genotypes for planting in areas that are marginal for E. grandis in terms of drought and frost. A total of seven hybrid trials were established at four sites, representative of low to medium rainfall. The female parents were from E. grandis preselected for superior volume production. No pure species were included in the trials to act as controls and allow for estimation of hybrid vigour. Survival, growth and stem straightness were assessed at 18 and 43 months from planting. Survival was generally above 80% for all hybrids across sites. G × C hybrids performed better than G × T hybrids, showing a 20% difference in mean height at 43 months. Female and male variances were generally insignificant (P > 0.05) and in some cases, the estimates were 0. This was not unexpected, as the parents for the hybrids were preselected for superior height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume production as pure species. Ratio of dominance to phenotypic variance ( $ \hat{d}^{2} $ ) was significant for all traits for all hybrids (P < 0.05). Trait–trait dominance correlations (r D ) at 43 months between height and DBH were generally large and positive, above 0.6. Type-B dominance correlation (r BD ) suggested evidence of genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E), but one high elevation site contributed most to the observed G × E. If these results are confirmed in larger mating designs with progeny established on multiple sites, it seems that the most appropriate breeding strategy for E. grandis × E. tereticornis and E. grandis × E. camaldulensis hybrids may be one that exploits both additive and dominance genetic variance, such as the reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) scheme or RRS with forward selection. 相似文献
2.
Yan Zhang Beibei Wang Liqin Guo Wenting Xu Zewei Wang Bailian Li Jinfeng Zhang 《林业研究》2018,29(6):1533-1545
Since the generation of full-sib artificial triploid families, rapid clone establishment and genetic improvements have been needed. Here, we report an in vitro method of direct shoot regeneration of a triploid hybrid poplar [(Populus simonii × P. nigra ‘Italica’) × (P. × ‘popularis’)]. Using different randomized block designs, we selected one triploid to evaluate the explant type, optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators and agar, and culture time under light or dark conditions over 60 days. The highest rate of shoot induction, 80.0%, was obtained using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L benzyladenine, 0.04 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 5.5 g/L agar for the first 30 days in the dark, then 3 g/L agar for the next 30 days in light. This last medium yielded the best rate of shoot induction (6.32 shoots/explant). These three media were also used to evaluate the influence of the genotypes of the parents and hybrid triploids on regeneration. Two parents and three of the four full-sib triploids were regenerated successfully; different genotypes and explant types significantly affected the rate of shoot induction and average number of shoots. Leaves but not petioles were a suitable explant. One genotype produced the highest rate of shoot induction of 96.67%. Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L indole butyric acid and 0.04 mg/L NAA was the most effective for rooting; rooting rate was 96.67%, survival rate of transplants was 73.33%, and rooting frequency surpassed 85% for each genotype. Overall, this in vitro regeneration system will be useful for the propagation and genetic modification of triploid poplars. 相似文献
3.
Seed orchards of Leucaena were established at two experimental sites in Hawaii to produce either triploid or tetraploid interspecific
hybrid seed by interplanting clonal self incompatible diploid (L. diversifolia, L. esculenta) or tetraploid (L. pallida) species
with self- compatible L. leucocephala lines and the F1 hybrid of L. diversifolia (2n = 4x) × L. leucocephala. The seed parents
were grafted onto three seedling rootstocks (L. diversifolia (2n = 4x), shrubby L. leucocephala, and giant L. leucocephala)
to compare rootstock effects on scion growth. This paper reports on the effects of rootstock on scion growth during the first
year based on total truck cross sectional area, height growth, and crown habit. In the triploid seed orchard, rootstock significantly
affected the growth of four of the six clones, while in the tetraploid orchard the growth of two of the five clones was significantly
affected by rootstock. Crown habit was independent of rootstock. Our study suggests that rootstock effects depend on the specific
scion and rootstock combination, and site.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics, oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight (410.4 gm) and 100-seed weight (195.92 gm) and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight (4364.71 and 4289.93) and 100 seed weight (813.8 and 768.93), respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight (98.28 %), and canopy growth (96.93 %). Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %, followed by pod width (53.43 %) and canopy growth (49.3 %). Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits, except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes (GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 28, and 29) are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate, plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages. 相似文献
5.
《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):287-295
In South Africa, Eucalyptus grandis is an important species due to its fast growth and general suitability of its timber for a range of products. However, E. grandis is susceptible to fungal diseases such as Crysoporthe austroafricana and Coniothyrium sp. cankers in the subtropical region of Zululand and is therefore mainly planted as a parental species in a hybrid combination with E. urophylla in this region. The current strategy is to maintain large breeding populations of both parental species in order to provide improved elite selections for hybrid crosses. In order to develop the best interspecific hybrid breeding strategy for E. grandis, it is important to first determine estimates of genetic parameters of the pure species parents. Estimating the genotype by environment interaction (G×E) is also necessary in proposing the basis for setting up breeding populations and selecting environmentally stable genotypes. With this in mind, two E. grandis full-sib progeny trials were planted in Zululand and one in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands region. The aims of this study were firstly to determine the magnitude of G×E of E. grandis across the three sites; secondly, to estimate the genetic parameters for growth of the E. grandis parents selected for intraspecific crosses; and lastly, to identify the best parents to use for intra- and interspecific crosses in future hybrid breeding programmes. Results of our study indicated that G×E would be practically negligible for growth in Zululand and one group of elite parents can be used for hybrid crosses in this region. In general, growth traits were under low to moderate genetic control, and the variation in additive genetics enabled us to identify E. grandis parents that could be utilised for intraspecific crosses and deliver progeny with genetic gains of 28.4%. Our study also highlighted that a relatively large portion of the genetic variation was explained by dominance genetic variation and a strategy to capture this non-additive variation needs investigation. Although our study achieved the stated aims, it must be kept in mind that E. grandis is mainly used as a hybrid parent with E. urophylla in Zululand. A study to investigate whether the parents with good general combining ability values from our study are also good general combiners in interspecific hybrid combinations with E. urophylla needs to be conducted. 相似文献
6.
对 10年生杉木不同种源优系 5× 5双因素交叉式遗传设计试验林的胸径和木材比重两性状进行了测定和遗传分析。结果表明 ,两性状在组合间均达极显著差异 ,组合内亲本的一般配合力和杂交的特殊配合力亦达显著差异水平。胸径的一般配合力方差分量为 70 32 % ,而木材比重的一般配合力方差分量则为 5 3 84 % ,胸径、木材比重广义遗传力分别为 4 2 4 9%和6 9 6 0 % ,狭义遗传力分别为 2 9 88%和 37 0 0 %。亲本川 15、闽 4、湘 6、粤 11对胸径生长有较高一般配合力正向效应值 ,同时亲本闽 4对木材比重亦有较高的一般配合力正向效应值。另有 4个杂交组合浙 13×浙 8、湘 30×川 18、闽 16×湘 6、川15×闽 4对胸径生长有较高的特殊配合力正向效应值 ,对胸径和木材比重均表现出正向效应的只有闽 16×川 18和粤 5×湘 6组合 相似文献
7.
利用分别设置在浙江省淳安县姥山林场和福建省邵武市卫闽国有林场的3年生6×6半双列遗传交配设计3代子代测定幼林,对马尾松生长性状的遗传效应及其与环境互作效应进行研究。结果表明:马尾松树高和地径的配合力效应及其配合力与环境互作效应皆达到显著或极显著水平。在遗传效应中,树高在两地点皆以加性基因效应控制为主,显性基因效应次之;而地径在卫闽点主要受加性基因效应控制,在姥山点则主要受显性基因效应控制。在不同环境下,对树高和地径表型影响从大到小依次为环境效应>加性基因效应>显性基因效应与环境互作>显性基因效应>加性基因效应与环境互作。参试性状的一般配合力(GCA)稳定性普遍高于特殊配合力(SCA)稳定性。以树高生长量为选择指标,在2个试验点各初选2个优良亲本和5个优良杂交组合,姥山点和卫闽点优良亲本的遗传增益分别是试验平均的5.61% 8.05%和10.22% 12.98%,是当地优良天然林分子代的45.11% 48.48%和51.84% 55.64%,而优良组合的遗传增益分别是试验平均的3.37% 17.69%和9.35% 25.93%,是当地优良天然林分子代的42.04% 61.72%和50.64% 73.48%。 相似文献
8.
应用SSR分子标记技术鉴定张氏红山茶杂交F1代真实性的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
张氏红山茶 Camellia changii 是新兴的山茶属珍稀种质资源,在茶花杂交育种方面具有极高的科研价值。为建立鉴定张氏红山茶杂交后代的方法,本研究采用 SSR 标记技术,对以张氏红山茶为亲本的杂交后代以及所有杂交组合的亲本进行了分子鉴定。研究结果显示：张氏红山茶和博白大果油茶杂交后代仅有母本特征带,推测其有可能是自交种;张氏红山茶和超级南天武士的杂交后代出现了父母本均没有的条带,显示可能有外来血缘;其余组合杂交 F1代均包含了父母本的特征带,从而表明杂交是成功的。从本研究结果看,应用 SSR 分子标记技术,可以方便地对杂交后代的真实性进行鉴定。 相似文献
9.
研究刻芽和扭枝对梨不同优系幼树成枝力和成花数的影响,为实现其早果、丰产和省力化栽培提供理论依据。研究方法上采用以6个2年生不同优系为试材,于早春对其主干进行刻芽处理,并对当年发生的侧枝在半木质化时从基部进行扭枝处理,调查统计刻芽后幼树成枝力和扭枝后树体生长和成花状况。研究结果表明,刻芽后,6个优系发枝量分别比对照样本增加了225%、116%、160%、122%、136%、150%,处理样本与对照样本之间差异显著。扭枝对6个优系树高、枝长的影响未达显著性差异,但6个优系均比对照样本的花芽量多,相对而言,杂交优系Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ成花量少,平均每株有花芽2个,处理样本与对照样本之间差异显著,花芽量分别是对照样本的7.0倍、1.6倍、4.0倍;杂交优系Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的花芽量多,平均每株有花芽4.4个,处理样本与对照样本之间差异不显著。综上所述,刻芽能显著地提高梨幼树成枝力,西洋梨×东方梨比东方梨×东方梨杂交优系的成枝力高;扭枝对梨幼树的生长发育影响小,但能提高幼树的成花数,尤其对不易成花的含有西洋梨基因的优系效果更加显著。 相似文献
10.
Populus tomento a was crossed with P. tremuloidis, P grandiden ata, P. lba × P. grandidentata and P. alba × Ulmus s . ta pumila in order to maintain its rapid growth and high wood quality and improve its resistance to cold. Two methods were used to increase the germination rate from 1.5% to 41.1% and the remaining rate from 1.7% to 44.2%. Forty crossing combinations were conducted and 2 744 hybrid seedlings were obtained. MX. t4 × P grandiden ata (G-1-58), MX3 × P. tremuloidis (T-44-60), MX2 × P. tremuloidis (l-13-87-37) and MX2 × (P. alba × P. grandidentata) were regarded as superior combinations after analysis and selection. Thirty seedlings of these combinations and 11 triploid seedlings identified by counting their chromosomes were selected as super plants. 相似文献
11.
对 13个尾叶桉×细叶桉杂种、10个尾叶桉×赤桉杂种、1个尾叶桉× (尾叶桉×细叶桉 )杂种、1个尾叶桉种内控制授粉子代、5个尾叶桉母本的自由授粉子代和 1个尾叶桉×细叶桉F1自由授粉子代的比较研究表明 ,家系间树高、胸径和材积的差异均达 0 0 1显著水平。选择出优良杂种和子代 14个以及优良单株 12株。优良单株可以作为无性系比较试验的材料 ,优良杂种的优良单株可以用于建立下一世代的育种群体。这为优良杂种单株的无性系化和进一步的桉树杂交育种提供了有效的遗传材料。 相似文献
12.
A 56 year old Quercus petraea × Q. robur F1-hybrid was back-crossed to both parental species. Pollen mixes were applied and paternity assigned to offspring based on microsatellite markers. The studied Q. petraea × Q. robur hybrid proved highly fertile and back-crossed well with both Q. robur and Q. petraea with slight but not significant preference for Q. robur. The results do not support the hypothesis about highly unidirectional gene flow between Q. robur and Q. petraea towards Q. robur as the observed back-crossing ability of the hybrid opens a route for nuclear gene flow from Q. robur to Q. petraea. However, Q. petraea × Q. robur hybrids may be rare in nature and the results do not tell us if the (probably more common) reciprocal hybrid also back-crosses easily to Q. petraea. 相似文献
13.
Populus tomentosa was crossed with P. tremuloidis, P. grandidentata, P. alba × P. grandidentata and P. alba × Ulmus pumila in order to maintain its rapid growth and high wood quality and improve its resistance to cold. Two methods were used to
increase the germination rate from 1.5% to 41.1% and the remaining rate from 1.7% to 44.2%. Forty crossing combinations were
conducted and 2 744 hybrid seedlings were obtained. MX4 × P. grandidentata (G-1-58), MX3 × P. tremuloidis (T-44-60), MX2 × P. tremuloidis (1-13-87-37) and MX2 × (P. alba × P. grandidentata) were regarded as superior combinations after analysis and selection. Thirty seedlings of these combinations and 11 triploid
seedlings identified by counting their chromosomes were selected as super plants.
[Supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education (Grant No. 200220022004) and the National “863” Project (Grant
No. 2002AA241071)] 相似文献
14.
Characterization of a collection of Chinese fir elite genotypes using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook] is a major timber tree species in China.In the present study,sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) markers were used to evaluate the polymorphisms,diversity,and relationships in a collection of Chinese fir elite genotypes(n=103) from the Lechang provenance,an endangered provenance.Thirty-five SRAP primer combinations produced 620 bands among the tested 103 Lechang provenance genotypes and 17 non-Lechang provenance genotypes;577(93.1 %) of these were polymorphic,yielding an average of 16.5 polymorphic bands per primer combination.Of the SRAP primer combinations(n=35),14 ones identified C70.0 % of the 120 genotypes.The Me12–Em19 combination had the strongest discriminatory ability with 93.3 % of the genotypes identified.An UPGMA dendrogram further showed that most of the Lechang provenance genotypes(87.4 %) grouped together(Cluster A).The Lechang genotypes had a considerable amount of genetic variation with genetic similarity from 0.40 to 0.81.The current work may facilitate the management of the endangered Lechang Chinese fir provenance. 相似文献
15.
Tree growth traits (tree height, DBH and stem volume) and survival from two 9-year-old, open-pollinated progeny tests of Chinese fir were investigated for heritability, genotype × environment interaction, age-age genetic correlation and selection efficiency. The 97 and 79 families planted at two sites were collected from the third-cycle seed orchard. Individual heritability was estimated between 0.05 and 0.21 for tree height, DBH, and volume and between 0.45 and 1.0 for survival. Family heritability was between 0.20 and 1.14. Significant genotype × environment interaction was observed for the three growth traits. Type B genetic correlation was between 0.41 and 0.67 with an increasing trend as tree grows. High age-age genetic correlation was observed with correlation reaching 0.9 after age 4 for height, DBH, and volume. The genetic gains were estimated at 3.26, 3.39 and 5.98 % for tree height, DBH, and volume with 10 % selection intensity. The implication for advanced tree breeding in Chinese fir is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Growth of commercial forestry is highly dependent on the availability of fast-growing planting materials. Consequently, the efficient utilization of fast-growing plantations can greatly impact productivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate variations in the growth potential of two clones and to estimate the average stem radial growth advantage of a fast-growing clone using data obtained from Sappi landholdings in eastern South Africa and a mixed modelling approach that permits the incorporation of covariance structure into the statistical model. During the first 2 years of growth, the stem radius of nine trees each of two clones was measured using dendrometer attached to the tree. A second-degree fractional polynomial model was chosen to show the functional relationship between stem radius and tree age. Growth of the two hybrid clones differed significantly. The Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clone grew faster than the E. grandis × camaldulensis clone, indicating better genetic potential for rapid growth and yield. This study can be considered as starting point to further compare the potential for rapid growth of several hybrid clones using the longitudinal data modelling approach. 相似文献
17.
【目的】测定尾叶桉与巨桉杂种F 1多年度的生长性状,估算其遗传参数,开展优良杂交组合及杂种优良单株选择,为桉树亲本选配和杂种应用提供科学依据。【方法】以尾叶桉与巨桉6×6析因交配F 1代杂种为材料,应用ASReml-R软件估算1、2、4.5、8.3和10.3年生时生长性状的遗传力、显性效应、加性效应、亲本效应和配合力等遗传参数;计算每个杂交组合单株材积的平均值,以所有组合的平均值+标准差为标准进行优良杂交组合选择;基于所有单株的材积,采用平均值+2倍标准差(标准Ⅰ)和平均值+3倍标准差(标准Ⅱ)2个标准进行杂种优良单株选择。【结果】尾巨桉F 1代杂种在各年龄时的生长表现均优于对照尾叶桉亲本自由授粉子代。每个年份树高、胸径和单株材积在组合间均存在极显著( P <0.01)或显著( P <0.05)差异,在区组间差异不显著。1年生和2年生时杂种各生长性状的母本加性方差分量低于父本加性方差分量, 4.5年生时父、母本加性方差分量较为接近,8.3和10.3年生时母本加性方差分量则高于父本加性方差分量。随年龄的增长,杂种的树高和胸径单株遗传力呈现由中度至低度遗传控制的变化趋势,杂种家系遗传力呈现高—中—低度遗传控制的趋势,且杂种家系遗传力大于单株遗传力。显性方差与加性方差的比值则随年龄的增长呈递增趋势。年-年和性状-性状双变量遗传、表型呈显著或极显著正相关。4.5年生时,母本U21及父本G8的一般杂交力(GHA)最高,U21×G5组合的特殊杂交力(SHA)最高;8.3年生时,母本U21及父本G19的GHA最高,U2×G19的SHA最高。【结论】尾巨桉F 1杂种1~2年生时父本效应大于母本效应,且加性效应大于显性效应,4.5年生时父、母本效应对杂种生长的贡献率相当,8.3~10.3年生时杂种的母本效应大于父本效应,且显性效应大于加性效应。同时评选出7个优良杂种,筛选出1个优良母本和2个优良父本,并依据标准Ⅰ、Ⅱ分别选出40株和16株优树,为今后大规模人工制种及推广应用提供可靠的亲本材料和优良无性系。 相似文献
18.
以浙江省淳安县富溪林场马尾松巢式交配设计的15年生遗传测定林为试验材料,分析其生长、木材基本密度和产脂力主要经济性状父本/母本效应和加性/显性效应。结果表明,不同杂交组合间、父本间以及父本内母本间的生长、木材基本密度和产脂力皆存在显著的遗传差异。各性状受母本效应影响较大,母本效应方差分量约为父本的1.29~2.19倍。马尾松胸径、木材基本密度和产脂力同时受加性效应和显性效应控制,其中加性效应略高于显性效应。而树高和单株材积则主要受加性效应控制,加性效应方差分量约为显性效应的2.7倍和3.4倍。估算各性状广义遗传力发现,胸径、树高、单株材积和产脂力受中度遗传控制,广义遗传力在0.48~0.69之间,木材基本密度广义遗传力相对较低,为0.31。胸径、树高和单株材积与产脂力呈中度正遗传相关,遗传相关系数在0.4755~0.553 2之间,表明生长和产脂力可同时得到遗传改良。以产脂量作为选择指标,共选出14个优良杂交组合和14个优良单株,其产脂量分别比对照高出43.31%~93.01%和125.47%~252.64%。 相似文献
19.
Gert J van den Berg Steven D Verryn Paxie W Chirwa Francois van Deventer 《Southern Forests》2016,78(3):209-216
In South Africa, Eucalyptus urophylla is an important species due to its disease tolerance to fungal diseases such as Crysoporthe austroafricana and the Coniothyrium sp. cankers. It is mainly planted as a parental species in a hybrid combination with E. grandis. Generally, the E. grandis × E. urophylla hybrid has better disease tolerance and higher wood density than pure E. grandis. The current strategy is to maintain large breeding populations of both parental species in order to provide improved elite selections for hybrid crosses on a regular basis. With this in mind, two E. urophylla populations, consisting of five provenance/progeny trials, were established in the subtropical region of Zululand. The aims of this study were, firstly, to determine the magnitude of genotype × environment interaction of E. urophylla in Zululand; secondly, to estimate genetic parameters and correlations for diameter at breast height (DBH), height and volume; and thirdly, to identify selections to advance the current breeding population as well as to hybridise with E. grandis. Results indicated that genotype × environment interaction effects would be practically negligible for growth in Zululand and therefore a single breeding population will be appropriate. In general, all growth traits were under low to moderate genetic control, with narrow-sense heritabilities ranging between 0.14 and 0.48 for volume. The genetic correlations between growth traits were high (0.98 and 0.99 for DBH– volume). This is an indication that DBH is a sufficient growth measure to use in E. urophylla breeding programmes. Best linear unbiased prediction estimates indicated that aa selection scenario of 200 individuals will generate genetic gains of 44.7% over the population mean. The estimated gains for the top 50 individuals that could potentially be used as hybrid parents to cross with E. grandis was 59.8% over the population mean. 相似文献
20.
杉木幼龄期种内杂种优势及遗传力的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了杉木７个优良无性系３母本×４父本测交系交配设计幼龄期试验的初步结果：（１）杉木幼龄期的遗传力较小，苗期的遗传力低于定植１年后的遗传力，苗高ｈ２Ｎ为２１．０４％，地径ｈ２Ｎ为０；树高ｈ２Ｎ为３７．１６％，ｈ２Ｂ为４１．５３％，地径ｈ２Ｎ为２０．６９％，ｈ２Ｂ为４５．９１％。（２）杂种优势效应明显，最高达３２．０２％，杂种优势变幅大，为—３３．３９％—３２．０３％。（３）在第一代种子园亲本间再行控制杂交，能进一步获得具有显著效应的杂交组合，供高世代育种用。 相似文献