The immune response of goats vaccinated with low and high doses of $\text{Brucella melitensis}$ Rev 1     

G.G. Schurig 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1982,3(3):311-324

The serological response, lymphocyte reactivity, and dermal hypersensitivity reactions of goats vaccinated with high and low doses of $\text{Brucella melitensis}$ Rev 1 organisms to Brucella antigens were studied. Antibodies to soluble antigen A2 were detectable by immunoelectrophoresis (IE), appeared later than agglutinating antibodies but disappeared faster in most vaccinated animals. Anti-A2 antibodies appeared earlier in goats which received the high dose. Antibodies to polysaccharide B antigen were not detected. Lymphocytes reactive to Brucella antigens in lymphocyte transformation assays appeared at variable times after vaccination. In contrast to the humoral response to antigen A2, the appearance of circulating, reactive lymphocytes was not dependent on vaccine doses. All vaccinated animals demonstrated dermal hypersensitivity reactions to one of the antigenic extracts. Skin reactions peaked at 24 hrs post inoculation. The reactions were elicited when all but one goat had undetectable anti-A2 antibodies and no circulating, reactive lymphocytes as measured in whole blood lymphocyte transformation assay.  相似文献   

Application of indomethacin as a potentiator of lymphocyte blastogenesis in $\text{Brucella abortus}$ exposed cattle     

J.M.B. Kaneene  R.K. Anderson  D.W. Johnson  C.C. Muscoplat 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1983,4(3):375-385

Lymphocytes from $\text{Brucella abortus}$ field strain infected, strain 19 vaccinated, non-exposed and field strain infected, but immunologically unresponsive cattle were incubated with $\text{B. abortus}$ antigen and indomethacin. There were significant increases (P < 0.005) in the blastogenic responses, as measured by [³H] thymidine uptake, in cultures with indomethacin as compared to cultures without indomethacin. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to $\text{B. abortus}$ antigen were potentiated by indomethacin in both $\text{B. abortus}$ exposed and non-exposed cultures. However, potentiation of sensitized lymphocyte blastogenic responses by indomethacin was significantly greater (P < 0.005) than that in non-exposed lymphocytes. Additionally, indomethacin significantly potentiated Brucella-induced lymphocyte blastogenic responses in lymphocytes from anergic cattle.  相似文献   

Lymphocyte stimulation in swine dysentery     

E.M. Jenkins  P.L. Klesius 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1981,2(1):19-26

In lymphocyte stimulation studies of pigs affected with swine dysentery (SD) all of the pigs gave significant response (P < 0.05) to soluble antigen from $\text{Treponema}$$\text{hyodysenteriae}$. Swine infected with virulent or attenuated $\text{T.}$$\text{hyodysenteriae}$ gave significant lymphocytic response 3 or 6 weeks after infection; uninfected pigs did not give a similar lymphocytic response. The delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin test, in which soluble $\text{T.}$$\text{hyodysenteriae}$ antigen preparation was used, detected only 3 out of 14 SD-affected swine. The lymphocyte stimulation assay by detection of protein synthesis may offer a rapid, reliable test for the diagnosis of SD within herds suspected of being affected.  相似文献   

Immunogenic properties of ribosomes isolated from Brucella abortus     

Marshall Phillips  Billy L. Deyoe 《Veterinary microbiology》1981,6(2):95-106

Ribosomes from Brucella abortus strain 19 were isolated by differential centrifugation. The 70S ribosomes were purified by pelleting through 0.5 M ammonium chloride and 30% sucrose. The resulting ribosomes were designated washed ribosomes and consisted of 64–65% RNA and 35–36% protein with sedimentation coefficients of 50S and 30S. When the washed ribosomes were tested by immunodiffusion against immune bovine sera, no precipitins were detectable. The immunogenic responses of the washed ribosomes were determined in guinea pigs, lemmings, and calves. Inoculation dosages as low as 1.0 microgram in guinea pigs and 0.1 microgram in lemmings protected against challenge with virulent B. abortus. Results of similar studies in a limited number of calves indicated that a dose of 1 mg may be protective. Brucella ribosomes did not appear to elicit marked undesirable side effects when used as immunizing agents.  相似文献   

Serologic response to Brucella abortus of cattle and guinea pigs experimentally inoculated with a Yersinia enterocolitica serotype from milk     

K Nielsen  G M Ruckerbauer  B S Samagh 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1981,4(1):59-64

Ten strains of Yersinia enterocolitica belonging to ten various serogroups isolated from raw milk were inoculated into groups of five guinea pigs and five calves. Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:16 was the only serotype tested that induced an antibody response to Brucella abortus in calves. No anti-Brucella response could be demonstrated serologically in guinea pigs. Activity of the anti-Y. enterocolitica 0:16 calf sera against B. abortus antigen was shown by the tube agglutination test, and by the complement fixation test. The early agglutinating antibody response was partly sensitive to reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol. This sensitivity decreased later in the response. This is the first report of anti-Brucella responses induced by a serotype of Y. enterocolitica other than 0:9; sera from a group of five calves inoculated with 0:9 were tested by the same serological techniques for comparison.  相似文献   

Effects of ionizing radiation on $\text{in vitro}$ proliferative responses of porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes     

L.C. Gasbarre  J.F. Urban 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1982,3(3):301-309

The radiosensitivity of $\text{in vitro}$ proliferative responses of porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was assessed. PBL were stimulated by Con-A, PHA, culture supernates from mitogen-stimulated porcine lymphocytes, or in the case of antigen-primed swine, specific antigens. The resulting levels of proliferation were assessed by a determination of the level of incorporation of tritiated thymidine $\text{in vitro}$, and in some cases by the presence of blast cells in the cultures. Porcine PBL were found to be more radioresistant than either mouse PBL or mouse spleen cells. Irradiation levels of greater than 3000 rads were necessary to arrest Con-A or PHA-induced proliferative responses. Proliferation induced by lymphokines in the form of supernates from mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures was arrested in PBL that had received 3000 rads prior to culture. Antigen-induced proliferative responses in primed porcine PBL populations were the most radiosensitive, in that a previous irradiation with 500 rads was sufficient to completely abolish a secondary $\text{in vitro}$ proliferative response.  相似文献   

Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of bovine antibody responses following immunization against and natural infection with $\text{Pasteurella haemolytica}$     

R.H. Smith  B. Ziola  P.H.G. Stockdale 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1983,5(1):33-45

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed in order to monitor bovine antibody responses following immunization against and natural infection with $\text{Pasteurella haemolytica}$ serotype A:1. Non-ionic surfactants, used in many antibody EIAs to reduce non-specific immunoglobulin binding, had to be avoided because they inhibited specific binding of bovine antibodies to $\text{P. haemolytica}$ antigens. Calves were immunized with a KSCN extract of $\text{P. haemolytica}$. Subcutaneously immunized animals developed a significantly higher humoral antibody response than did intranasally vaccinated animals. Intranasally immunized calves developed a slightly, but not significantly higher nasal antibody response than did calves vaccinated subcutaneously. Field study results based on bacterial isolation and EIA detection of antibodies to $\text{P. haemolytica}$ indicate that cattle can generate carrier states where bacteria are present in the upper respiratory tract, yet no humoral antibody response is induced. The converse was also found where cattle were free from $\text{P. haemolytica}$ in the upper respiratory tract, yet possessed a good humoral antibody response to $\text{P. haemolytica}$.  相似文献   

Discrimination between sheep antibodies to Brucella melitensis and to Brucella ovis     

P. Plackett  L.A. Corner  T. Fifis  A.J. Radford  J.L. Ripper  Chen Naichang  Liu Yumei 《Veterinary microbiology》1989,20(4)

When preparations containing smooth Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as antigens in an ELISA, strong positive reactions were obtained with sera from sheep infected with Brucella melitensis or with Brucella ovis. Oxidation of the LPS with sodium metaperiodate greatly reduced the extent of the cross-reactions with antisera to B. ovis, with little effect on the reactions with antisera to smooth B. melitensis. Periodate oxidation of hot saline extract (HSX) antigen of B. ovis markedly reduced its reactivity in ELISA with anti-B. ovis sera and eliminated cross-reactivity with anti-B. melitensis sera. The reactivity of HSX was maintained after treatment with proteinase K.A simple ELISA system, in which replicate samples from a single serum dilution were tested in parallel against both B. ovis HSX antigen and periodate-oxidised smooth phase B. abortus LPS, was evaluated. It was found to discriminate well between antibodies induced by vaccination or virulent infection with B. melitensis strains and those induced by infection with B. ovis.  相似文献   

Development of immune responsiveness to $\text{Ascaris}$$\text{suum}$ antigens in pigs vaccinated with ultraviolet-attenuated eggs     

J.F. Urban  F.G. Tromba 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1982,3(4):399-409

Pigs fed $\text{Ascaris}$$\text{suum}$ eggs attenuated by short wave ultraviolet-radiation developed resistance to challenge infection. Per os inoculation of pigs on three successive weeks with 10,000 eggs irradiated to total exposures of 150,100 and 75 μW-min/cm², respectively, resulted in an 88% reduction in the number of larvae recovered from the lungs 7 days after challenge with 10,000 infective eggs. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from vaccinated pigs were specifically stimulated in vitro to incorporate tritiated thymidine by egg hatching fluid (Ea) and by excretory-secretory products obtained from cultures in defined-media of second-stage larvae (L2) developing to third-stage (L2–3) and from cultures of third-stage larvae developing to fourth-stage (L3–4). PBL were also specifically stimulated by living L2. Ea and L2 stimulated pig PBL significantly at 7 days after the first inoculation; responses to L2–3 and L3–4 developed 7 days after a second inoculation. The antigen-responsive cells in the PBL population were non-immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes. Antibodies to Ea and L2–3 were not detected in the serum of vaccinated pigs, and only 3 of 7 pigs had low concentrations of serum antibodies to L3–4.  相似文献   

Agglutination of Brucella abortus cells by sera from cattle experimentally infected with Escherichia coli     

K. Nielsen  B.S. Samagh  B. Stemshorn 《Veterinary microbiology》1980,5(2):123-134

Infection of normal adult cattle and sporadic serological Brucella abortus reactors, which no longer had diagnostic titers to B. abortus, with a culture of Escherichia coli isolated from a cow (or its environment) resulted in the production of a primary IgM serum antibody response to both B. abortus and E. coli. Cattle injected with heat killed E. coli and guinea pigs or young calves lacking natural agglutinins to B. abortus injected with live E. coli, produced serum antibody only to E. coli. The subsequent reinjections of live E. coli into the former two groups of cattle resulted in all but one animal in each group producing IgM ‘secondary’ responses to B. abortus of decreasing magnitude, while the anti-E. coli responses increased and eventually switched to synthesis of IgG class antibody. The remaining two animals produced a series of ‘secondary’ responses of IgM antibody to B. abortus similar in amplitude and duration to the primary immune response. The anti-E. coli agglutinins of these two animals increased in titer and IgG class antibody to E. coli was evident after several injections of E. coli. These results indicate that infection of cattle by E. coli can cause a problem in the serological fiagnosis of B. abortus infection. Speculations on the cause of this cross-reaction and ways of minimizing misdiagnosis are discussed.  相似文献   

Variations in immunoglobulin isotype produced during the antibody response to Brucella abortus and Staphylococcus aureus vaccines in sheep     

R L Kerlin  D L Watson 《Research in veterinary science》1986,41(2):191-195

Experiments in sheep were carried out to examine factors modifying the immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype of the antibody response to Brucella abortus. Live B abortus (S19) stimulated higher titres of agglutinating antibody and IgG1 and IgG2 antibody than did killed B abortus. Live B abortus stimulated a more protracted synthesis of IgG2 antibody during the primary and secondary responses than did the killed S19 vaccine. In a second experiment, the capacity of live and killed Staphylococcus aureus to modify the antibody response to killed B abortus was examined. Both live and killed S aureus enhanced production of anti-brucella antibodies; this response was attributed to the adjuvant properties of S aureus. Killed S aureus enhanced production of anti-brucella antibody to a greater extent than live S aureus. Live S aureus did not preferentially enhance production of IgG2 anti-brucella antibody. The results suggested that the enhanced production of IgG2 antibody induced by live vaccines does not depend solely on a pyogenic lesion at the vaccination site.  相似文献   

Lack of reactivity of sera from $\text{Theileria}$$\text{parva}$-infected and recovered cattle against cell membrane antigens of $\text{Theileria parva}$ transformed cell lines     

Paula Creemers 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1982,3(4):427-438

Sera from $\text{Theileria}$$\text{parva}$ infected, recovered and rechallenged cattle were tested in complement-dependent cytotoxicity, membrane immunofluorescence and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays for the presence of antibodies against cell membrane antigens of $\text{T}$. $\text{parva}$ transformed cell lines.In the complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity assay, sera from lethally infected animals were negative. Some recovered cattle showed a positive reaction, but such reactions were also observed when an eland cell line infected with $\text{T}$. $\text{taurotragi}$, and bovine lymphoblastoid cells were used as targets. Reaction was less against Ig-negative peripheral blood lymphocytes.Evidence is presented that these reactions could be evoked by attachment of immune complexes to Fc-receptors. It is concluded that cattle exposed to $\text{T}$. $\text{parva}$ infection do not develop antibodies against specific $\text{T}$. $\text{parva}$ (or $\text{T}$. $\text{parva}$-induced) cell surface antigens.  相似文献   

Antibodies to $\text{Brucella abortus}$ in sera from strain 19 vaccinated and non-vaccinated cows as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and conventional serologic methods     

F.C. Heck  B.L. Deyoe  J.D. Williams 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1982,3(6):629-634

The sensitivity of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was compared with 4 other serologic methods for detecting antibodies in $\text{B. abortus}$ vaccinated and non-vaccinated cows. Antibodies were detected by ELISA in sera from more than 93% of the culture positive cows, however, less than 55% of the infected animals were identified by any other serologic method. Similarly, antibodies were detected in 82% of the culture negative cows by the ELISA method.  相似文献   

Serodiagnosis of Metastrongylus apri infection of pigs by immunofluorescence     

V. Kumar  N. Van Meirvenne  J. Mortelmans 《Veterinary parasitology》1978,4(2):175-181

The lyophilised first stage larvae of Metastrongylus apri were used as antigen in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of the infection of pigs. The larvae were recovered from the embryonated eggs discharged by the gravid females of the nematode in vitro. Ten pigs were used in the test. Serial serum samples were taken of seven pigs, experimentally infected with varying doses of M. apri larvae, all of which were found to discharge eggs of the nematode in their faeces after infection was established. The other three pigs were uninfected and used as controls.Positive cuticular fluorescence of the larvae was first detected with the serum samples obtained between 14 and 33 days post-infection. This fluorescence persisted with subsequent serum samples up to 85 days post-infection. Pronounced and uniform cuticular fluorescence was generally observed with the serum dilutions of up to $\text{1}\text{10}$. Earlier post-infection serum samples either exhibited no cuticular fluorescence or gave non-brilliant fluorescence. The pre-infection serum of these pigs and also serum samples obtained from the three uninfected control pigs did not give cuticular fluorescence even at the initial serum dilution of $\text{1}\text{5}$.  相似文献   

In vitro and in vivo immune responses in neonatally thymectomized holstein-friesian calves exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus     

Theron G Snider  Stewart McConnell  L.Garry Adams  Kenneth R Pierce 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1981,4(1):9-19

Neonatally thymectomized and normal Holstein-Friesian calves were exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus and challenged 22 days later. Baseline values in non-specific mitogen induced lymphocyte blastogenesis and serologic responses to tetanus toxoid and Brucella abortus strain 19 were established in neonatally thymectomized and normal calves.Neither viral recovery nor protective antibody production followed the very low level primary exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus. The expected clinical response to an appropriate challenge inoculum did not occur, however, suggesting an immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus had been initiated by the primary exposure. Five of eight calves developed protective serum levels of bovine viral diarrhea antibody. This may represent an example of immunologic priming. Exposure to low levels of bovine viral diarrhea virus also has potential implications in the pathogenesis of chronic bovine viral diarrhea wherein low level exposure may interfere with the development of protective levels of bovine viral diarrhea antibody as was observed in three calves.Circulating lymphocyte concentrations and results of non-specific mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes revealed a reduced phytohemagglutinin response in conjunction with a slightly increased response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and pokeweed mitogen in the presence of moderate lymphopenia. The capacity of lymphocytes to respond to phytohemagglutinin was unchanged but an increased total response, as occurred in control thymectomized and intact calves, did not occur.The response to tetanus toxoid, a thymus-independent antigen, was increased following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus, perhaps reflecting an alteration in thymic-independent regulation. The lack of a differential response to Brucella abortus strain 19 implied competence in thymus-dependent helper cells.  相似文献   

Bovine babesiosis: The immunization of cattle with fractions of erythrocytes infected with $\text{Babesia bovis}$ (syn $\text{B. argentina}$)     

D.F. Mahoney  I.G. Wright  B.V. Goodger 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1981,2(2):145-156

Soluble antigen which protected susceptible cattle against challenge with $\text{Babesia bovis}$ was extracted from $\text{B. bovis}$-infected erythrocytes by sonic disintegration and separation of the soluble from the insoluble matter by ultracentrifugation. The material was then fractionated by the precipitation of fibrinogen-like proteins. The precipitate contained the babesial antigens that were located on the stroma of the infected erythrocytes. Antigen originally located on the parasite remained in solution. Both fractions conferred protection on splenectomized calves against challenge with $\text{B. bovis}$. However, the fraction containing the parasite antigens appeared to have more potential for development as a killed vaccine because it was not heavily contaminated with antigenic material from bovine erythrocytes.  相似文献   

Differentation of Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 09 infections in cattle: The use of specific lymphocyte transformation and brucellin skin tests     

C. C. Chukwu 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(2):134-142

Summary

The lymphocyte transformation test (using an in vitro whole‐blood lymphocyte stimulation procedure) and the Brucellin skin test were applied to five heifers infected with virulent Brucella abortus strain 544, five cows inoculated with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 09, and four non‐exposed cows. Lymphocytes from Brucella‐inoculated animals persistently gave very high blastogenic reactions indicative of active Brucella infection. The test was persistently negative in Yersinia‐infected and non‐exposed cattle. Four of thefive cowsinfected with Yersinia enterocolitica type 09 and allfour control cattle were persistently negative to the delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction with brucellin. All cattle infected with Yersinia enterocolitica type 09 were strongly positive to the Rose Bengal, Serum agglutination, Complement fixation and Antibovine globulin tests using Brucella abortus antigens. One lactating cow infected with Yersinia enterocolitica type 09 was positive to Brucella milk ring test. These results indicate that standard Brucella serological tests are unreliable in differentiating the two infections in cattle and that both the Lymphocyte transformation and brucellin skin tests could be used to differentiate bovine brucellosis from yersiniosis.  相似文献   

Immunomodulation with killed Propionibacterium acnes in guinea pigs simultaneously vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19     

V S Panangala  T B Haynes  R D Schultz  A Mitra 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1986,13(1-2):71-84

Immunomodulation with killed Propionibacterium acnes was attempted in guinea pigs simultaneously vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19. Two groups, each comprised of 9 guinea pigs, were injected by different routes (s.c. and or i.v.) with 1.4 mg of P. acnes and 5 X 10(8) CFU of B. abortus, S-19, while 3 other groups each received either P. acnes, B. abortus S-19, or saline (s.c.). The antibody titers to B. abortus measured at 6, 10 and 14 weeks after vaccination indicated no significant (P less than 0.01) response in the 2 groups immunopotentiated with P. acnes concurrent with B. abortus S-19 vaccination. The delayed hypersensitivity response to 3 Brucella antigens conducted 8 weeks after immunization did not show a significant difference between the B. abortus S-19 vaccinated group compared with the 2 groups immunopotentiated and vaccinated. However, the proliferative response of lymphocytes to the B. abortus soluble antigen diluted 1:100 indicated significantly enhanced blastogenesis in the (s.c.) immunopotentiated and immunized guinea pigs compared with the B. abortus S-19 vaccinated group. A slightly enhanced response was also observed in the group immunopotentiated (i.v.) and vaccinated (s.c.). The guinea pigs were challenged with B. abortus strain 2308 and necropsied 4 weeks later. The mean splenic CFU of the Brucella in the group immunopotentiated (i.v.) and vaccinated (s.c.) was significantly decreased when compared with the guinea pigs vaccinated with B. abortus S-19 alone. These findings indicated that P. acnes administered simultaneously with B. abortus S-19 vaccine was able to augment the immune response in guinea pigs. Immunomodulation as evidenced by enhanced clearance of B. abortus from the spleens of immunopotentiated animals was presumably brought about by activated macrophages or a T-cell mediated cytolytic mechanism or both.  相似文献   

Effect of infections with swine fever virus on immune functions II. Lymphocyte response to mitogens and enumeration of lymphocyte subpopulations     

Jan T. Van Oirschot  Dirk De Jong  Nico D.N.H.J. Huffels 《Veterinary microbiology》1983,8(1):81-95

Peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes from pigs infected with a low-virulent strain of swine fever virus (SFV) were transiently hyporesponsive to the mitogenic action of PHA, PWM and Con A. The mitogenic reactivity of lymphocytes from lymph nodes from such pigs appeared to be enhanced rather than depressed at that time. In addition, hyperresponsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to these mitogens occurred in some pigs.PBL from pigs lethally infected with virulent SFV showed a persistent depression of the response to these mitogens, whereas lymphocytes from lymph nodes had a high responding capacity.A lymphocyte response to SFV antigens could not be demonstrated in infected pigs.These SFV infections did not markedly affect the percentage of lymphocytes in the blood and most lymphoid organs rosetting with sheep red blood cells. On the other hand, surface immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes were markedly increased in lymph nodes from pigs exposed to virulent SFV. The sum of both lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymph nodes from these pigs often considerably exceeded the 100% value, which strongly suggests the presence of cells bearing both surface immunoglobulin and receptors for dextran-treated sheep red blood cells.Possible correlations between these findings are discussed. The results suggest that infections with SFV induce systemic alterations in the process of lymphocyte recirculation in the pig.  相似文献   

mRNA from porcine colostral and milk cells coding for specific antibodies in response to orally administered $\text{Escherichia coli}$ strains     

Netty Kortbeek-Jacobs  Hans van der Donk 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1981,2(5):441-454

The effect of feeding live $\text{Escherichia coli}$ bacteria to sows on the lymphocyte populations in colostrum and milk was studied by $\text{in ovo}$ translation of the mRNA of these cells (Kortbeek-Jacobs and van der Donk, 1978). Four $\text{E. coli}$ strains were tested: one wild type K88 producing strain, two conjugated K12 strains producing K88 antigen and one wild type K12 strain. Only after feeding the wild type K88 bacteria, colostral lymphocytes contained mRNA coding for anti-K88 antibodies, predominantly of the IgA and IgM isotypes. Milk lymphocytes of the sows receiving one of the other strains were capable of producing more anti-K88 antibodies than the sows that were fed the wild type K88 strain. Antibodies were predominantly of the IgM class. The reactivity of the milk lymphocytes is ascribed to the strain with which the piglets were challenged. The results support the phenomenon of sensitized gut lymphocytes that home to the mammary gland.  相似文献