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中国豆野螟发生与防治研究沿革、进展及展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
豆野螟是豆科作物主要害虫,中国各地均有发生。笔者简述了中国研究豆野螟的研究历史及进展,归纳和评述了豆野螟在中国各地的主要寄主植物、年发生代数、各虫态发育速率及危害习性等,叙述了防治理念和方法的变化和发展,对有争议的地方进行了分析和评述。通过分析,对2个存疑之处得出了肯定的回答,（1）豆野螟趋光性较强,由于其在玻璃等光滑的表面能稳稳地停息,不易落入黑光灯收集瓶（袋）内,致使早上收虫数量很少,从而被误认为其趋光性弱;（2）豆野螟除了广东、海南等地可以终年危害外,在中国的绝大部分地区都不越冬,冬季来临前,很可能逐渐南移至可终年繁殖危害的地区。最后以讨论形式,展望了对豆野螟今后的研究前景,并提出了一些综合治理建议。 相似文献
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<正> 蔬菜重大病虫害发生趋势豆野螟(又叫豇豆荚螟)——大发生。主要危害夏、秋豇豆。一年发生5代,以7、8、9月为害最重。瓜野螟(又叫瓜绢螟)——大发生。主要危害夏秋黄瓜、苦瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜、秋西瓜。一年发生5代,以7、8月为害最重。甜菜夜蛾——大发生。主要为害十字花科甘兰 相似文献
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对４７１９份绿豆品种资源的分布情况和主要农艺性状及部分品种的重要特性进行了综合分析。绿豆品种数量较多的省份依次是河南、山东、山西、河北、湖北、安徽等省。种皮有光泽的明绿豆和无光泽的毛绿豆各占５０％。种皮颜色为绿色的品种占９１．５％,另外还有黄色、褐色和蓝色品种。早熟类型品种主要分布在河南省,大粒型品种以山西、山东、内蒙古、安徽等省较多,河北、安徽、吉林等省的绿豆资源单株荚数较多。高蛋白型品种主要在湖北、山东、北京和河北省,高淀粉型品种则在河南、山东和内蒙古。山西、山东、内蒙古、吉林和湖北等省的绿豆抗旱性较好,山东的品种耐盐性能较好。国外引进品种比国内绿豆资源抗叶斑病能力强,抗根腐病性能较好的品种主要在山东、安徽和河北,内蒙古和山西的品种较抗蚜虫。 相似文献
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<正>笔者从浙江省植物保护检疫局获悉,根据当前田间病虫发生基数、作物茬口与长势、未来气候条件等因素综合分析,预计全省夏季瓜果蔬菜主要病虫害总体呈中等偏重发生,其中霜霉病、白粉病、炭疽病、各类病毒病中等偏重发生,局部地区有流行可能;蚜虫、烟粉虱、斜纹夜蛾、瓜螟、豆野螟、小菜蛾、菜青虫、潜叶蝇等害虫较去年有所上升,预计为中等偏重发生。预测依据:一是5月下旬到6月降水相 相似文献
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<正>春花生在播种期内,要掌握好花生根结线虫病、叶斑病、青枯病、锈病、根腐病等病害的预防,更要注意防治蛴螬、金针虫、地老虎等地下害虫的危害。具体防治措施如下: 相似文献
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调查了梵净山春兰主要病虫害发生及综合防治情况,发现梵净山春兰常见病虫害有猝倒病、褐斑病、根腐病、叶斑病、白绢病、细菌性圆斑病、病毒病、介壳虫、蚜虫、蓟马、蝼蛄、地老虎及蜗牛、红蜘蛛等,发病率为39．6％～82．5％,虫害率为27％～69％,提出了防治方法。 相似文献
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南阳盆地绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病综合防控技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病由变灰尾孢菌(Cercospora canescens)引起,主要侵染叶片,严重时也侵染茎和荚,在生长季碰到高湿天气尤为盛行。绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病发病较晚,在生产上重视不够,一旦发生能迅速引起绿豆早衰,严重影响绿豆后期荚果产量,是绿豆生长后期的一种毁灭性病害。南阳盆地气候十分有利于绿豆尾孢菌叶斑病发生。笔者根据多年试验示范,总结出以选用抗病新品种、减少田间初侵染源、控制尾孢菌叶斑 相似文献
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我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1 播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm2,发展到1333.3万hm2,增长139.5%。1.2 总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg…… 相似文献
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Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha−1 grain and 16 t ha−1 residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha−1, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha−1; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha−1. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO−3-N ha−1. 相似文献
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莫曾梅 《农产品加工．学刊》2019,(7):78-80
随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。 相似文献
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LI Zhi-liang~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(7):82-85
Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology. 相似文献
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以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F2群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F2群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F2群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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《Journal of Landscape Research》2013,(Z1)
Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design. 相似文献
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果蔬食品的褐变与控制 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。 相似文献
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Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection. 相似文献