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为了解单式指环虫在斑重唇鱼(Diptychus maculates)鳃部寄生的空间分布特点, 于 2019 年 5 月至 2020 年 6 月对新疆叶尔羌河流域斑重唇鱼进行了 3 次取样调查, 运用统计学方法对斑重唇鱼鳃部寄生单式指环虫(Dactylogyrus simplex)的感染情况及空间分布特点进行分析。结果显示, 在检查的 325 尾斑重唇鱼中, 共检出 3994 只单式指环虫, 总感染率和平均感染丰度分别为 67.7%和 12.3±1.2; 左鳃及右鳃的感染率分别为 59.4%和 57.2%, 两者之间的感染丰度无显著差异(P＞0.05); 在各鳃片中, 鳃Ⅰ(最靠近鳃盖的鳃片)、鳃Ⅱ的平均感染丰度显著高于鳃Ⅳ(P＜0.01); 单式指环虫随着宿主的生长, 其感染率、感染丰度和强度先上升, 后下降, 在 13~18 cm 体长组达到最高, 但是各体长组间的感染没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。结果表明, 单式指环虫对宿主左右鳃和年龄没有选择偏好性, 但在鳃片分布上更偏好寄生于鳃Ⅰ和鳃Ⅱ, 单式指环虫在宿主种群中的分布类型为聚集分布。 相似文献
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额尔齐斯河温氏指环虫的种群生态学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年4月至2010年1月对额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)鳃部寄生的温氏指环虫(Dactylogyrus wunderi Bychowsky)进行了取样调查,以期了解温氏指环虫的种群生态学特点。结果表明,温氏指环虫的总感染率为12.92%,平均感染强度为5.70(1～19)。感染率、感染强度在不同体长组的宿主中表现出不同的变化趋势,随着宿主体长(L)的增大,温氏指环虫的感染率在35cm以上的宿主中达到最大,为50%,而平均感染强度在20≤L<25的体长范围内最小,为1.75;温氏指环虫种群在不同体长组宿主中的分布类型主要为聚集分布,且各体长段宿主之间的感染强度差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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通过对斑尾刺鰕虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)肠道内岐口福斯特吸虫(Faustula qikouensis)种群动态的研究发现,随着宿主体长的增加,其平均密度、感染强度及感染率均呈上升趋势;在宿主体长小于26.5cm时,其种群平均拥挤度、扩散性指标随着鱼体长的增加而增大,分布参数k值则呈减小趋势。在夏、秋、冬季,吸虫在宿主体内的感染率、平均密度和平均感染强度变化不大,但在春季均显著增加。频率分布表明,大量的岐口福斯特吸虫寄生于少数宿主肠道内,多数宿主感染少量的岐口福斯特吸虫;岐口福斯特吸虫种群在不同体长的宿主和不同季节均呈聚集性分布。 相似文献
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研究贝加尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscus baicalensis)感染的单殖吸虫的群落多样性及感染情况,为额尔齐斯河鱼类寄生虫病防治提供基础资料。2009年8月到2016年7月,剖检贝加尔雅罗鱼296尾,共感染了6种单殖吸虫,分别为号筒指环虫(Dactylogyrus tuba Linstow,1878)、双髻指环虫(D. sphyra Linstow, 1878)、小刺指环虫（D. micracanthus Nybelin,1937）、多小枝指环虫（D. ramulosus Malewitzkaja,1941）、普氏三代虫（Gyrodactylus prostate Erergns,1963）和斯氏拟双身虫（Paradiplozoon skrjabini Achmerov,1974）;贝加尔雅罗鱼单殖吸虫的总感染率为20.27 %,平均感染强度为3.05只/尾(1~18只/尾),平均感染丰度为(0.62±2)只/尾;混合感染率相对较低,仅占2.36%;各单殖吸虫的感染率均小于10%,平均感染强度均小于5,其中小刺指环虫为优势种;在5个体长段中,在14cm≤L＜16cm体长段感染单殖吸虫的种类、感染率及感染强度均达到最高;体长段之间的多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数及丰富度指数结果相差不大,不同体长段宿主中单殖吸虫种群的分布类型均为聚集分布;体长段14cm≤L＜16cm与16cm≤L感染强度差异显著,其余体长段之间的感染强度差异均不显著。 相似文献
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调查白斑狗鱼眼内寄生的复口吸虫的流行病学,为白斑狗鱼养殖过程中的疾病防治提供基础性资料。2009年至2014年在中国境内的额尔齐斯河8次采样获得263尾白斑狗鱼,统计分析复口吸虫在白斑狗鱼各体长组中的频率分布及空间分布特点。结果表明:复口吸虫一年四季均可感染白斑狗鱼,感染率从春季到冬季逐渐升高,冬季达到峰值;平均感染强度则在冬季最高,夏季次之,春秋两季均低;总感染率为34.98%,平均感染强度为10.74只/尾;感染率随宿主体长增加而上升,但是在体长50 cm时,感染率最低,为4.17%;平均感染强度随宿主体长的增加也呈逐渐上升的趋势;方均比在各体长段均大于1,呈聚集分布,且聚集度随鱼体长增加而增加。 相似文献
8.
通过2009年4月至2010年1月在额尔齐斯河(中国段)野外取样调查,研究寄生于东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis)鳃部的奇异双身虫(Diplozoon paradoxum)的种群生态学特点。结果表明,东方欧鳊感染奇异双身虫的总感染率为24.16%,平均感染强度为4.19,在宿主体长L≤30 cm时,感染率随体长增大有升高的趋势;在体长25 cmL≤30 cm时,感染率达到最大,为42.11%;而体长L30 cm的宿主,没有感染奇异双身虫。奇异双身虫在东方欧鳊各体长段均呈聚集分布。 相似文献
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2007年2月对衡阳市黄鳝感染新棘衣虫和胃瘤线虫进行了初步的调查研究。结果表明,新棘衣虫的感染率为18.4%,感染强度为5.53(2～18),平均丰度为1.02±2.76;胃瘤线虫的感染率为42.7%,感染强度为3.57(1～15),平均丰度为1.52±2.49;两种蠕虫均感染的占样本总数的4.9%,都不感染的占样本总数的43.7%。黄鳝的感染与其体长有一定关系,对新棘衣虫,体长45cm以下86尾中仅1尾发现有感染,以上则有较高的感染率(最高为76.5%);对胃瘤线虫,体长35cm以上其感染率随体长的增加而上升,感染强度则降低,以上感染率随体长的增加而下降,感染强度则变化不大。新棘衣虫和胃瘤线虫的种群在黄鳝种群中均呈聚集分布,其中二项参数k值分别为0.16和0.49,表明棘头虫比线虫的聚集度更高一些。 相似文献
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Zoemma T. Warshafsky Stephen A. Bullard Wolfgang K. Vogelbein Emily A. Chandler Molly E. Lutcavage 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(3):327-335
Ectoparasitic flatworms of Nasicola (Monogenoidea: Capsalidae), which infect nasal epithelium of true tunas (Thunnus spp.), are not well studied, nor have their impacts on the host's olfactory organ been evaluated. Infections of Nasicola hogansi on Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, were investigated with emphasis on the relationship between infection prevalence, abundance and mean intensity with bluefin tuna size, sex, body condition and capture month, as well as histopathological effects. Commercially caught Atlantic bluefin tuna (n = 161, 185–305 cm curved fork length) from the Gulf of Maine were sampled during June through August 2009 for infections by N. hogansi. A total of 247 specimens of N. hogansi were collected, with a prevalence of 45.3%, mean abundance of 1.57 (CI: 1.21–2.03) and mean intensity of 3.45 (CI: 2.91–4.22). Neither fish sex nor landing month had a significant effect on parasite parameters. Larger and better-conditioned Atlantic bluefin tuna had a higher mean intensity of infection. Pathology associated with infection by N. hogansi included extensive necrosis, sloughing of the nasal epithelium and associated inflammation of underlying connective tissues. Further epidemiological and pathological study of this host–parasite system is warranted since impaired olfaction, if present, could adversely affect spawning and migration of this top ocean predator. 相似文献
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The stone loach, Barbatula barbatula (L.), is a typical and dominant intermediate host of Raphidascaris acus in lowland streams of Central Europe. The prevalence of infection of R. acus in B. barbatula from the River Haná ranged throughout the year from 73.3 to 100%. The abundance and the mean intensity of infection also varied throughout the year with a peak in September. Larvae were located mainly in the liver parenchyma. High numbers of larvae and their migration through the tissue caused cyst- or abscess-like formations in the host parenchyma. The severity of the disease condition ranged from mild to severe. We speculate that the infection of stone loach by R. acus larvae regulates the population density and abundance of the intermediate host in lowland streams where natural predators are absent. 相似文献
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Farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta were monitored over 3 years for infection with the blood-feeding gill fluke Discocotyle sagittata. Parasite transmission is seasonal: new infections take place during summer/autumn, and transmission is generally negligible during winter/spring. There are 2 sources of infection for naïve fish-of-the-year: limited invasion when fish are in the raceways by riverborne larvae originating external to the farm; and internally, within the farm, when 0+ fish are transferred to ponds previously occupied by older cohorts of infected fish. Thereafter, infection levels continue to increase in rainbow trout primarily through transmission within the farm. Prevalence rose to 100% in 1+ fish by the end of their second summer. In O. mykiss, mean abundance reached 194 worms/host for 1+ fish (up to 489 worms/host) and 160 worms/host for 2+ fish. By contrast, in S. trutta, parasite prevalence never exceeded 85% and, after the first year's invasions, infection levels decreased over time: in 1+ and 2+ brown trout, parasite mean abundance was < 4 (maximum 15) worms/host. We present evidence of the detrimental effects of D. sagittata on the host: high burdens are associated with pale gills, decreased body condition and host mortality. Parasite burdens become overdispersed during the warmer part of the year, as prevalence and mean abundance increase. However, the degree of parasite overdispersion decreases over winter; we cannot distinguish whether decreased aggregation is due to parasite losses from infected fish (including immune-mediated parasite mortality) or parasite-induced host mortality. 相似文献
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Studies of epidermal papillomatosis in fish populations have only rarely focused on the intensity of the disease, i.e. the number and size of papillomas. Furthermore, the methods used to evaluate the intensity of papillomatosis have not been standardized. We tested the reliability of a method based on counting of scales covered by papilloma tumours in roach, Rutilus rutilus (L). In addition, we studied the frequency distributions of the number of scales covered by papillomas within populations, evaluated the correlation between the prevalence and mean intensity of the disease among populations and examined the intensity of papillomatosis in roach with respect to sex and size of fish. Reliability of the scale coverage method was high. Therefore, the method could offer an effective way to determine the intensity of papillomatosis in fish species with large scales. The frequency distribution of the scale coverage of papillomas was highly aggregated within all populations studied. The mean intensity of papillomatosis increased with the size of the fish and was higher in males than in females. However, there was no correlation between the mean intensity and prevalence of the disease among the 19 roach populations studied. 相似文献
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High rates of unexplained mortalities (up to 70%) are anticipated in the cultured juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in farms in the eastern Black Sea at least for the last 8 years. Diplectanum aequans, often blamed for the observed mortalities, is the only prevalent parasite impacting the health of sea bass in the brackish water of the Black Sea. To investigate the seasonal fluctuation of D. aequans prevalence, mean intensities and the potential effects of D. aequans on the fitness of sea bass, eight cages from one farm (Farm A) and four cages at another distinct site (Farm B) were surveyed monthly from May to October of 2008. Six hundred and sixty‐one juvenile sea bass from Farm A and 236 from Farm B were individually examined for the presence and intensity of the parasite. The prevalence of D. aequans in cultured sea bass (96.3 ± 11.11; Mean ± SD) ranged from 66.7% to 100% in June, the beginning of 6‐month growing season. The mean intensity was 6.08 ± 2.19, significantly higher than that (2.74 ± 0.87; P < 0.05) in December (P < 0.05), the end of the growing season. Fish with low fitness had significantly higher number of parasite than the fish with higher fitness (P < 0.005). Although D. aequans negatively influenced host's condition factor, the impact was not enough to lead mortalities in the cultured sea bass in the Black Sea. 相似文献
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Charles C. Mischke Craig S. Tucker Menghe H. Li 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(2):208-217
Threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense, or fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were co‐cultured with channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in earthen ponds to determine the effects of planktivory on plankton community dynamics and catfish fillet quality. Fathead minnows had no effect on the plankton community structure or catfish fillet flavor, color, and fatty acid composition. Fillet color was also unaffected by the presence of threadfin shad. Small differences were found in fillet fatty acid composition for catfish from ponds with shad, but these differences probably have no biological significance. Threadfin shad did, however, have important impacts on the plankton community structure and catfish flavor. Size‐selective filter‐feeding by shad reduced cyanobacterial abundance relative to ponds with catfish‐only and fathead minnows. Relative abundance of smaller phytoplankton in the groups Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Bacillariophyceae, and Euglenophyta increased in ponds with shad. Relative abundance of small zooplankton (rotifers) also increased in shad ponds. Reduced abundance of large, colonial cyanobacteria that are known to produce odorous metabolites caused a corresponding reduction in off‐flavor prevalence and intensity in catfish from ponds with threadfin shad when sampled in September. Although threadfin shad dramatically reduced catfish off‐flavor prevalence during the warm season, they apparently caused a high prevalence of “fishy” off‐flavors in the February sample. This undesirable flavor appeared to be caused by catfish foraging on shad killed during a preceding period of exceptionally cold water temperatures. Use of threadfin shad for phytoplankton biomanipulation therefore presents a dilemma: catfish–shad polyculture reduces prevalence of cyanobacteria‐related off‐flavors in warm months but may cause undesirable forage‐related off‐flavors in the colder months. Catfish farmers must consider these benefits and risks when deciding to use threadfin shad as a management tool. 相似文献
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洞庭湖区黄鳝体内鳗鲡独孤吸虫的流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2002年7~8月份,对洞庭湖区6个采样点鳗鲡独孤吸虫(AzygiaAnguillae)对黄鳝(Monopterusalbus)的感染情况进行了调查。结果显示,6个采样点的鳗鲡独孤吸虫对黄鳝的感染存在较大差异。感染率以华容点的最高(51·7%),津市点次之(46·7%),其余4个采样点的感染率都较低(20%以下);感染强度也一样,华容点的最高,为4·7,津市点次之,为3·1,不同采样点的感染强度之间不存在显著性差异(P>0·05)。2002年6月至2003年5月对常德采样点周年取样调查,发现在6、7、9月和翌年1、4、5月黄鳝感染有鳗鲡独孤吸虫,感染率在1·6%~18·4%间波动(以7月份最高),感染强度在1·0~17·0间变化(以4月份最高),其余月份无感染,全年总感染率为3·5%,平均感染强度为5·41。全部阳性宿主的体长频率呈正态分布,以30~35cm体长段的阳性宿主最多,占37·7%。不同地域环境、不同月份之间的感染差异性,与水域环境的稳定程度和作为中间宿主的食饵动物(多种小型鱼类)数量分布的均一性,以及鳗鲡独孤吸虫的生活史及黄鳝的习性等因素相关。 相似文献
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Misako Urabe Kentaro Nakai Daigo Nakamura Masaharu Tanaka Toshio Nakatsugawa Kazuo Ogawa 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(1):63-70
An introduced pathogenic fish trematode, Parabucephalopsis parasiluri Wang, 1985 (Digenea: Bucephalidae), was studied to determine the seasonal fluctuation in its metacercariae abundance. The
timing of the recruitment period of the metacercariae and the relationship between yearly fluctuation in metacercarial abundance
and some environmental factors were also examined to develop an effective plan for disease control. Monthly changes in metacercarial
abundance in the caudal fin of pale chub (Zacco platypus) and of the prevalence of the first intermediate host (golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei) suggest that P. parasiluri generally has an annual life cycle. The metacercarial abundance in chub increased when the water temperature fell below 7°C
in winter, but the rapidity of the increase varied between 2007 and 2008. The fluctuations in the abundance of metacercariae
in winter from 2001 to 2008 showed that mean flow rate and mean water level in January were negatively related to the infection
level each year, and positively related to the mean water temperature. Based on these results, we propose a control plan for
parabucephalopsiosis involving discharge control; that is, more than 50 m3/s (corresponding to 150 m3/s in the Yodo River) of water should be flushed from upstream dams for a period of at least one week starting on the day
when the water temperature falls below 7°C. 相似文献