共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
叶片湿润时间（LWD）是植物病害模型的重要输入变量之一，它与许多叶部病原菌的侵染有关，影响病原侵染和发育速率。为了准确地预测日光温室黄瓜病害的发生时间和方位，本研究于2019年3月和9月在北京两个不同类型日光温室内按照棋盘格法设置了9个采样点部署温湿光传感器和目测叶片湿润时间，每隔1 h采集一次温度、湿度、辐射和叶片湿润数据进行定量估算分析。分析结果表明：BP神经网络模型在两个温室的试验条件下获得了相似的准确度（ACC为0.90和0.92），比相对湿度经验模型估算叶片湿润时间的准确度（ACC为0.82和0.84）更高，平均绝对误差MAE分别为1.81和1.61 h，均方根误差RSME分别为2.10和1.87，决定系数R2分别为0.87和0.85；在晴天和多云天气条件下，叶片湿润时间的空间分布总体规律是南部＞中部＞北部，南面是叶片湿润平均时间（12.17 h/d）最长的区域；由东向西方向上，叶片湿润时间的空间分布总体规律是东部＞西部＞中部，中部是叶片湿润平均时间（4.83 h/d）最短的区域；雨天的叶片湿润平均时间比晴天和多云长，春季和秋季分别为17.15和17.41 h/d。这些变化和差异对温室黄瓜种群水平方向的叶片湿润时间分布具有重要影响，与大多数高湿性黄瓜病害的发生规律密切相关。本研究为预测温室黄瓜病害分布提供了有价值的参考，对控制病害流行和减少农药使用具有重要意义，提出的区域化分析温室内叶片湿润时间的方法，可以为模拟日光温室叶片湿润时间的空间分布提供参考。 相似文献
2.
番茄冠层不同垂直位置叶绿素含量的精确预测是及时防控番茄病虫害、精准施肥、灌溉等田间管理的重要基础,无人机可灵活高效地获取中小区域农作物冠层光谱信息,为农业生产提供便利。基于无人机搭载多光谱传感器获取的多光谱影像数据,建立感兴趣区域,提取各波段反射率数据,计算9种植被指数参数与实测番茄3个生育期的冠层上、中、下层及冠层整体的SPAD值,进行相关性与敏感度分析,筛选植被指数最优变量,采用偏最小二乘、支持向量机、BP神经网络模型进行冠层不同位置SPAD值的预测建模及验证。结果表明,开花坐果期,番茄冠层上层叶片的SPAD值高于中层和下层叶片,结果初期和结果晚期,番茄中层叶片的SPAD值高于上层和下层叶片;冠层上层叶片SPAD值与植被指数相关性程度及线性敏感程度优于冠层中层和下层叶片;基于番茄冠层上、中、下层及整个冠层SPAD值建立的支持向量机预测模型的R~2高于偏最小二乘和BP神经网络预测模型。因此,支持向量机预测模型可为番茄精准管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
4.
为有效解决传统TDR系统在确定土壤湿润锋位置时带宽小、上升沿时间长、分层界面位置测量误差大等问题,本文在研究TDR阻抗测量的基础上,利用微波频域、时域变换理论提出了一种基于便携式矢量网络分析仪的土壤湿润峰测量方法。利用ADS仿真分析验证了TDR波形重新建模方法,证明了不同阻抗交界面检测的可靠性。通过油水交界面、2层不同含水率土壤干湿交界面、3层不同含水率土壤干湿交界面位置的测量,与传统TDR方法测得的结果进行对比,结果表明基于便携式矢量网络分析仪建立的微波阻抗反射信号转换模型在实际应用中具有很好的准确性,可为土壤分布式含水率的测定提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
5.
为深入探究柑橘树冠层空间蒸腾特性及与茎干液流的对应关系,采用五点测温法,使用热成像仪拍摄柑橘树冠层五个方位的红外图像获取冠层温度及参考冠层温度,利用三温模型,将模型估算叶片蒸腾速率与实测茎流速率进行比较,并研究了柑橘树冠层不同方位的蒸腾变化规律.结果表明:柑橘树茎流速率与冠层叶片蒸腾速率日间变化曲线存在差异,决定系数(R2)为0.14,整体上,不同方位冠层温度与气温的日变化规律相近,柑橘树不同方位平均蒸腾速率大小分别为:东面>西面>北面>南面>顶面.上述结果表明:①柑橘树冠层蒸腾与茎干液流之间存在时滞效应,三温模型估算的叶片蒸腾速率不能实时反映树干液流的变化特征.②气温越高时,不同方位的冠层温度差异越显著.③柑橘树冠层空间蒸腾具有明显的空间差异性,揭示了柑橘树冠层蒸腾速率的空间变化规律. 相似文献
6.
基于土壤湿润体特征值的无压灌溉灌水定额模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据无压灌溉土壤湿润体形状为球冠的特点及湿润体内含水率分布规律,推导出了湿润体特征值模型.该模型表明湿润体特征值仅是灌溉水量的函数,因此可以用该模型计算无压灌溉灌水定额.通过微灌灌水定额计算方程和湿润体特征值模型的比较和联立求解,分别推导出了当湿润体半径(即根据作物根系分布规律来确定湿润体半径大小)为已知条件和湿润比为已知条件时的灌水定额计算方程,并用实例进行了验证.通过求湿润体内平均含水率的方法,解决了大田试验中用张力计监测土壤水分动态变化,从而实现适时精确灌水时张力计具体埋设位置的问题.结果表明,与微灌灌水定额计算方法相比,基于土壤湿润体特征值的灌水定额模型简单,操作性强,误差小,且同时扩大了微灌灌水定额计算方法在无压灌溉技术中的推广和应用范围. 相似文献
7.
小波变换与分水岭算法融合的番茄冠层叶片图像分割 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在基于机器视觉的作物营养诊断研究中,通常需要采集叶片样本并在实验室条件下定量测定其营养素含量,但由于叶片间相互重叠,往往使得叶片样本不能清晰地反映在群体番茄冠层图像中。为了解决这一问题,需要利用图像分析技术有效提取作物冠层图像中的叶片,并根据处理结果采集实验室测定样本。本文从复杂背景剔除、梯度图计算、小波变换、标记选取、分水岭分割等环节出发,实现了基于小波变换与分水岭算法融合的番茄冠层多光谱图像叶片分割。首先对比了4种复杂背景剔除算法,发现当增强因子a=1.3时,基于归一化植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)的阈值分割目标提取准确,适合各种光照条件,时空复杂度低。其次在梯度图计算方面,近红外(Near infrared,NIR)波段图像形态学梯度在保持目标边缘的同时,能消除大量由叶脉、光照等引起的叶片内纹理细节。然后以小波分析为基础进行标记选取,发现当选取db4小波函数、4层小波分解低频系数、阈值为18的H-maxima变换能得到最优的目标标记结果。最后对多光谱番茄冠层图像的小波变换分水岭分割和数学形态学分水岭分割结果进行叠加,发现对复杂背景及不同光照强度下的番茄冠层叶片平均误分率为21%,为基于多光谱图像分析的番茄叶片营养素含量检测提供了一定的技术支持。 相似文献
8.
【目的】更加有效地控制土壤含水率,指导节水灌溉。【方法】采用负水头土壤水分湿润锋运移试验和Hydrus-3D三维土壤水分运移数值模型,研究了山西榆次砂土、壤土在负水头高度(0、-0.5、-1.0m)时的土壤水分湿润锋运移规律和模型的有效性。【结果】水分累积入渗量随着时间的增加逐渐增大,与时间呈良好的幂函数关系;湿润锋随着时间的增加逐渐向水平、垂直方向扩大,曲线呈1/4椭囿状,最大湿润距离与时间的平方根呈良好的线性关系;湿润锋入渗速度随着负水头高度的增加逐渐减小,与时间呈良好的幂函数关系。实测湿润锋包络面积与模型计算值的偏差,砂土为0.51%~7.21%,壤土为0.22%~16.03%。【结论】所建三维模型可以用于描述负水头环境下土壤水分湿润锋的运移特征,并用于预测各种条件改变下的湿润锋运移和含水率分布。 相似文献
9.
水分传感器位置和灌水阈值对棉花生理及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索适宜的水分传感器位置、灌水阈值等因素对膜下滴灌棉花叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响,通过大田试验,设置3种灌水阈值和3种决策传感器,设置二因素三水平完全处理的试验.结果表明:水分传感器位置因素、水分传感器位置与灌水阈值两因素交互作用对棉花叶片叶绿素荧光参数(F_v/F_m,F_v/F_o,q~P,NPQ,Y(Ⅱ),ETR)达到显著性水平(P0.05),灌水阈值因素对棉花以上指标未达到显著性水平(P0.05).棉花叶片叶绿素荧光参数、籽棉产量最大值均为水分传感器位置在地表下40 cm、中等灌水阈值的处理T5,NPQ最大值为处理CK.根据试验结果,初步认定处理T5可为新疆自动化控制灌溉提供理论依据. 相似文献
10.
滴灌下确定土壤湿润范围是适时适量灌溉的关键,采用土壤剖面纵横向网格多点测定土壤含水率的方法,通过各点含水率差值来确定土壤湿润范围及土壤湿润体的边缘曲线,建立了三维非均质土壤湿润体体积的模拟计算公式,同时计算土壤湿润比。结果表明:土壤水分纵横方向的运动受土壤性质、土壤结构、土壤容重、土壤初始含水率、滴头流量及滴水时间等很多因素的影响。精确计算土壤湿润比是确定最大净灌水深度的基础,本公式根据土壤性质和条件确定积分上下限可继续利用,确定灌溉深度及灌水定额提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
12.
基于冠层温度和土壤墒情的实时监测与灌溉决策系统 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
设计了一个可以在线连续监测田间作物冠层温度、环境信息和土壤墒情的实时灌溉决策系统,并将其安装于农田进行了1 a实际运行和观测。系统采用太阳能供电和微处理器进行数据采集和管理,为野外的实际应用提供了保障。系统配置了红外温度、空气温/湿度、土壤水分/水势等传感器,能够及时采集田间全面的同步数据,排除了异地观测所形成的数据误差。采用悬臂式多点采集下垫面红外温度检测方法,可以快速采集更多和更高精度的数据,避免单点测量的人为误差。系统配备的快速锁紧装置,能够根据下垫面作物的生长情况进行传感器位置高度调节,使检测数据更符合田间实际情况。通过运行管理和监测数据分析可见,所监测数据能够很精细的刻画田间作物实际生长状况,可以用于灌区综合灌溉决策,实现田间精量灌溉管理和控制,为灌溉管理的精量化和智能化提供数据支持。 相似文献
13.
A variety of technologies for reducing residential irrigation water use are available to homeowners. These “Smart Irrigation” technologies include evapotranspiration (ET)-based controllers and soil moisture sensor (SMS) controllers. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies, along with rain sensors, based on irrigation applied and turfgrass quality measurements on St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze). Testing was performed on two types of SMS controllers (LawnLogic LL1004 and Acclima Digital TDT RS500) at three soil moisture threshold settings. Mini-Clik rain sensors (RS) comprised six treatments at two rainfall thresholds (3 mm and 6 mm) and three different irrigation frequencies (1, 2, and 7 d/wk). Two ET controllers were also tested, the Toro Intelli-Sense controller and the Rain Bird ET Manager. A time-based treatment with 2 days of irrigation per week without any type of sensor (WOS) to bypass irrigation was established as a comparison. All irrigation controller programming represented settings that might be used in residential/commercial landscapes. Even though three of the four testing periods were relatively dry, all of the technologies tested managed to reduce water application compared to the WOS treatment, with most treatments also producing acceptable turf quality. Reductions in irrigation applied were as follows: 7–30% for RS-based treatments, 0–74% for SMS-based treatments, and 25–62% for ET-based treatments. The SMS treatments at low threshold settings resulted in high water savings, but reduced turf quality to unacceptable levels. The medium threshold setting (approximately field capacity) SMS-based treatment produced good turfgrass quality while reducing irrigation water use compared to WOS by 11–53%. ET controllers with comparable settings and good turf quality had −20% to 59% savings. Reducing the irrigation schedule (treatment DWRS) by 40% and using a rain sensor produced water savings between 36% and 53% similar to smart controllers. Proper installation and programming of each of the technologies was essential element to balancing water conservation and acceptable turf quality. Water savings with the SMS controllers could have been increased with a reduced time-based irrigation schedule. Efficiency settings of 100% (DWRS) and 95% (TORO) did not reduce turf quality below acceptable limits and resulted in substantial irrigation savings, indicating that efficiency values need not be low in well designed and maintained irrigation systems. For most conditions in Florida, the DWRS schedule (60% of schedule used for SMS treatments) can be used with either rain sensors or soil moisture sensors in bypass control mode as long as the irrigation system has good coverage and is in good repair. 相似文献
14.
针对果园上、中、下冠层不同稀疏度,提出一种多传感器阵列的果树冠层信息融合方法（简称传感器融合阵列）,并进行了相关试验及验证。首先设计了果园冠层宽度信息的无线采集系统,并对比分析了6种非接触式测距传感器的动态识别能力;其次采用筛选出的激光传感器及超声波传感器阵列,收集3种果园上、中、下果树冠层信息;最后选出适合3种果园的传感器融合阵列,依据Box-Benhnken 中心组合试验法设计试验,对采用同种传感器阵列与传感器融合阵列测距方案进行响应面试验,并对得出的试验结果进行统计分析。试验结果表明：影响果树整体测量精度显著性水平从大到小依次为测距方案、车体速度、果园类型。车速为0.3~0.5m/s时,与人工测量相比,采用超声波传感器阵列收集果园冠层信息,相对误差为14.70%~20.04%;采用激光传感器阵列时,相对误差为9.13%~16.02%,采用传感器融合阵列时,相对误差为4.2%~10.24%。采用传感器融合阵列比单种传感器阵列精度高,更适合果园变量喷雾作业。 相似文献
15.
微喷对冬小麦冠层微环境日变化及叶片水势的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用裂区试验,以矮抗58为试验材料,在前期滴灌控水处理下,探究了不同的微喷处理对冬小麦冠层微环境、叶片水势和产量的影响。结果表明,在冬小麦灌浆后期微喷10 mm能显著降低冠层温度、二氧化碳摩尔分数,提高相对湿度、旗叶叶片水势。MW2处理(滴灌底墒水、拔节水和开花水,并在灌浆后期微喷10 mm)的产量、千粒质量最高,分别为6 952.39 kg/hm~2、45.44 g,均显著高于其他处理(P0.05)。相关分析显示,产量与冠层温度呈极显著负相关、与旗叶叶片水势极显著正相关、与冠层相对湿度显著正相关。可见,滴灌底墒水、拔节水和开花水,并在灌浆后期微喷10 mm,能够改善冬小麦冠层微环境,缓解空气高温对小麦的胁迫,显著提高千粒质量,增加产量。 相似文献
16.
冠气温差能够间接监测作物水分变化规律，而冠层温度与大气温度之间存在的时滞效应会影响监测效果，为探明两者之间的时滞效应变化规律及影响因素，本研究以拔节期至乳熟期的冬小麦为研究对象，利用红外温度传感器连续监测灌溉上限分别为田间持水率的95%(T1)、80%(T2)、65%(T3)和50%(T4)4个不同灌溉处理的冠层温度，并同步获取短波净辐射(Short-wave net radiation,RS)、大气温度(Atmospheric temperature,TA)、相对湿度(Relative humidity,RH)等气象数据。利用错位相关法计算冠层温度与大气温度之间的时滞时间(Time lag,TL),分析其在不同生育期和不同灌溉条件下变化规律，并采用相关性分析法探究气象因子(RS、TA、RH)变化率和日均值与时滞时间的相关性，最后通过通径分析探讨气象因子(RS、TA、RH 相似文献
17.
In recent years there has been a notable worldwide increase in the amount of land devoted to olive orchards. Most of these new orchards are irrigated and represent large financial investments. The irrigation of young olive trees should reduce the period during which their production is small or non-existent. Although the water requirements of young olive orchards are thought to be low, little is in fact known in this regard. In the present work, three irrigation treatments (100, 75 and 50% coverage of water needs) were designed using the Orgaz method, and their effects on young olive trees tested in different plots over a period of 3 years. The 50% deficit treatment was designed to provide the trees with an amount of water in the region of that stipulated by the FAO method, the most commonly used irrigation scheduling system for olive orchards. No significant differences in shoot water potential nor abaxial leaf conductance were seen between the trees receiving the different treatments. However, canopy volume and shoot growth were affected. These results indicate that the traditional FAO model, which would have supplied about 35% of the water supplied by the Control treatment, may well reduce the economic benefits to be derived from young olive orchards. 相似文献
18.
Three different methods of measuring drainage were selected and applied to two irrigated citrus orchards for 3 years. The
methods were: (1) a simple soil water capacity model, (2) a chloride balance, and (3) the LEACHM model. In the first method,
the soil is assumed to have a given water holding capacity, plants cannot extract water from soil below a certain level, and
evapotranspiration varies with soil water content in a well-defined pattern. In the second method, drainage in a given period
of time is estimated from the chloride input to soil (mainly with the irrigation and rain water), the changes in soil chloride,
and the average chloride concentration of soil solution at the depth where drainage is estimated. In the LEACHM model, water
transport in soil is assumed to follow Richards equation, and evapotranspiration depends in soil water content, soil hydraulic
properties, the evaporative conditions of the air, and root properties and distribution. Two citrus orchards planted with
mature trees, under flood irrigation, were used for the comparison of methods. The three methods provided drainage estimates
that differed in most cases by less than 13%, although in some particular season and plot, a given method deviated from the
other two by up to 56%. The soil water capacity model is appealing because it only needs a few parameters for calibration,
and can be easily programmed in a spreadsheet. The main advantage of the chloride balance approach is that it requires neither
calibration nor an estimate of evapotranspiration; this latter fact converts the chloride balance into a good alternative
method of measuring evapotranspiration. The precision of the drainage estimates by chloride balance is mainly determined by
the spatial variability of soil chloride relative to the chloride input to the soil in the measurement period; in most cases,
to obtain a reasonable precision, this period should be longer than 1 or 2 months. The LEACHM model requires more data for
calibration, but it can provide additional information on water and solute distribution in the soil profile with time. 相似文献
19.
叶绿素是一种反映植物生长水平和健康状况的重要生理生化指标,为快速、无损地大规模获取柑橘冠层的叶绿素含量以精确指导果园管理,利用多旋翼无人机搭载多光谱传感器获取多波段反射率数据,使用多光谱阴影指数对冠层阴影和土壤背景进行剔除,计算得到植被指数与纹理特征,将地面实测的叶绿素含量作为验证,综合对比了全子集回归、偏最小二乘回归和深层神经网络的反演精度以选取最优模型。结果表明,植被指数与叶绿素含量的相关性良好;将仅使用植被指数与仅使用纹理特征的建模结果进行对比,仅使用纹理特征的模型在全子集回归和偏最小二乘回归的反演精度均有明显提升;结合植被指数与纹理特征共同建模后,全子集回归和偏最小二乘回归的反演精度相比仅使用纹理特征的模型均能获得提升;深层神经网络因其良好的非线性拟合能力,获得了最高的反演精度,R2、MAE、RMSE分别为0.665、7.69 mg/m2、9.49 mg/m2,成为本文最优模型。本研究利用无人机多光谱影像反演得到柑橘冠层叶绿素含量,为实现柑橘生长监测提供指导作用。 相似文献