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1.
为挖掘控制芝麻产量相关性状的基因位点,本研究利用多态性较高的７２个ＳＳＲ标记,对来自国内外９６ 份芝麻品种资源进行遗传多样性和群体遗传结构分析,在此基础上采用ＴＡＳＳＥＬ３．０软件的ＭＬＭ （ＭｉｘｅｄＬｉｎｅａｒ Ｍｏｄｅｌ）方法对株高、株蒴数、每蒴粒数、蒴长、蒴宽、千粒重、始蒴部位、空稍尖８个产量相关性状进行ＳＳＲ标记的关联分析。结果表明：７２个标记共检测出４４６个等位变异,变异范围为２～１４个,平均６．２个;引物的多态性信息含量（ＰＩＣ）变异范围为０．２４２１～０．８２１０,平均为０．５４０７;基因多样性指数的变异范围在０．５５０４～０．９８９７,平均值为 ０．７４７７。群体遗传结构分析将供试材料分为３个亚群。关联分析结果显示,５１个标记位点与株高、蒴长、每蒴粒数、始蒴部位、空稍尖显著关联,各标记对表型变异的解释率在１３．２９％ ～３２．０８％。有５个位点在多个环境或均值 下被重复检测到,是较为稳定等位变异,如与株高相关联的位点Ｈｓ１７７５－Ａ２、ＳＩＭ２０１－Ａ１;与每蒴粒数、始蒴部位和株蒴数分别关联的标记位点Ｈｓ１５１４－Ａ１、ＳＩＭ００４－Ａ３和ＳＩＭ００２－Ａ１。 相似文献
2.
EST-SSR标记与茶树表型性状关联的初步分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
关联分析是一种利用连锁不平衡(LD)检测自然群体中基因位点及其等位变异,并将等位基因变异与目标性状联系起来的分析方法。本研究利用自主开发的55个EST-SSR标记对112份茶树品种(系)进行了基因分型。在EST-SSR位点连锁不平衡和供试材料群体结构分析的基础上,通过关联分析共鉴定出5个与表型性状显著关联的EST-SSR标记(P0.01),其中标记CS298、CS317、CS84分别与一芽二叶百芽重(BW)、叶片长度(LL)和茶多酚含量(TP)显著关联,对表型变异的解释率分别为0.11、0.15和0.35;标记CS330和CS338均与咖啡碱含量(CAF)显著关联,对表型变异的解释率分别为0.14和0.15。 相似文献
3.
为挖掘与小麦产量性状的相关等位变异及给分子标记辅助育种提供参考,选取SSR与SNP标记对52个黄淮麦区品种(系)材料进行全基因组扫描,对株高、穗长、单株穗数、可育小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等6个重要产量性状进行标记,并进行遗传多样性、群体遗传结构与全基因组关联定位等分析。结果表明,供试群体可被划分为4个亚群,5种环境间所测产量性状差异均达到0.05显著水平,且穗长和单株穂数的变异系数最大。利用Powermarker进行标记遗传多样性分析,共检测到899个等位变异,平均等位变异丰富度为3.625,遗传多样性指数平均值为0.586,多态性信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.510。利用Tassel的MLM(Q+K)模型关联得到与产量显著关联的分子标记共13个(6个SSRs和7个SNPs),这些与产量相关性状的优异等位变异可为发掘和利用小麦育种优良基因提供依据,并为今后的遗传育种工作提供参考。 相似文献
4.
为挖掘茶树农艺性状相关的分子标记位点,选用38对SSR引物对43份福建茶树品种进行多态性扫描与群体结构分析.在群体遗传结构分析的基础上采用Tassel GLM(general linear model)和MLM(mixed linear model)方法进行标记与农艺性状的关联分析.共检测出238个等位变异,每个位点6.26个等位变异.供试群体的Shannon指数平均值为1.261.通过群体遗传结构分析将供试材料划分成3个亚群.以GLM分析,发现8个与种径、茶类、百粒重和花瓣数相关联的标记,对表型变异的解释率分别54.3%、13.3%~21.8%、57.2%和50.9%;以MLM分析,发现6个与种径、茶类和百粒重相关的标记,各标记对表型变异的解释率分别为54.2%、19.7%~24.2%、31.1%. 相似文献
5.
以129份株型多样性丰富的莲属（Nelumbo Adans.）群体为供试群体,观测与株型相关的立叶高度、花柄高度、立叶短径、立叶长径等数量性状。供试荷花群体株型性状变异丰富,立叶高度、花柄高度变异系数分别达39.68%和41.69%,立叶短径、立叶长径变异系数分别为29.70%和31.41%。选用多态性好的98对SSR引物对129份莲属种质进行多位点扫描。利用STRUCTURE V2.2软件对供试莲属品种进行基于混合模型的群体结构分析。利用GLM模型分析与莲株型性状相关联的SSR标记。结果表明：从群体结构看,供试群体最终可被划分为4个亚群,中国莲传统品种和中美杂交种属于不同的亚群,同时有部分遗传背景复杂的杂交种在不同亚群间分布。通过关联分析共找到11个标记与花柄高度、立叶高度、立叶长径、立叶短径等4个性状显著相关。其中,SSR067、SSR132、SSR458标记与所观测株型性状均显著相关,可能由于基因连锁或者一因多效引起。在连续2年的重复试验中,SSR132和SSR458标记均可与立叶长径、立叶短径相关联,表明这2个标记可能受环境影响较小。 相似文献
6.
芝麻产量的农艺性状,如株高、结蒴部位、分枝数、叶腋蒴数、全株蒴数、蒴粒数以及千粒重等,它们之间往往是相互联系、相互制约的。1979年我们用河南省提供编写《中国芝麻志》的49个品种进行产量构成因素的相关性分析,结果与1962、1963年的研究基本一致。这一相关性的分析研究,使我们对芝麻产量及其构成因素间的关系有了进一步的了解,对育种和栽培技术都有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
芝麻产量性状与品质性状的典型相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以15个芝麻品种(品系)为材料,根据生物学意义将15个性状归纳为4个性状组,对性状和性状组基因 型值进行相关分析和典型相关分析,并建立了由多个农艺性状间接改良品质性状的综合选择指数。结果表明:对 单株产量影响最大的因素是农艺性状(株高、果轴长、始蒴部位)和产量构成因子(蒴粒数、千粒重) ,而且农艺性状 与产量构成因子以正相关为主,因此可以同步改良农艺性状和产量构成因子以进一步提高产量潜力;含油量与主 要农艺性状、产量构成因子以及种子容重呈正相关,而与粒宽和蛋白质含量呈显著负相关,因此含油量和产量可以 协调发展,同步提高,而且可以通过籽粒性状间接辅助选择高产、高含油量的芝麻新品种。 相似文献
8.
为挖掘小麦产量相关性状的优异等位变异,利用筛选的106对多态性SSR标记扫描236份小麦种质资源组成的自然群体,并进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,利用106对引物共检测到874个等位变异,每对引物平均为8.24个,变化范围为2～23个;主要等位变异频率的变化范围为0.177～0.987,平均为0.545;多态性信息指数(PIC)的变化范围0.026～0.895,平均0.550。采用混合线性模型对4个环境的株高、穗长、主穗粒数、单株穗数和千粒重进行关联分析后,共关联到20对SSR标记,有26个显著关联位点(P0.01),其表型解释率范围为6.25%～18.97%。其中,标记 Xgwm164(1A)在4个环境下均与株高显著关联;Xgwm55(6D)同时与株高和穗长两个性状显著关联; Xwmc415(5B)在2个环境下与单株穗数显著关联。通过对等位变异表型效应的解析筛选出各关联位点的优异等位变异,包括可以降低株高4.24cm的优异等位变异 Xgwm164-1A_(118)、可以增加穗长0.75cm的优异等位变异 Xgwm429-2B_(207)、可以增加单株穗数1.07个的优异等位变异 Xwmc415-5B_(154)、可以增加主穗粒数1.93粒的优异等位变异 Xgwm232-1D_(138)及可以增加千粒重0.92g的优异等位变异 Xgwm610-4A_(170)。 相似文献
9.
《中国油料作物学报》2020,(3)
为芝麻的遗传改良提供参考,分析2007-2017年全国(北方片)芝麻品种区域试验数据,探讨北方芝麻产区育种变化趋势。利用多元逐步回归、相关分析等方法,对参试品种的主要农艺性状、产量性状进行比较与分析,对通过鉴定的16个品种进行品质性状和抗病性分析,剖析北方芝麻产区高产优质育种的变化规律。结果表明:11年间共有41个品种参加了全国(北方片)芝麻区域试验,16个品种通过全国芝麻品种鉴定委员会鉴定。新育成的芝麻品种产量水平逐渐上升。随着年份的推移,参试品种和通过鉴定的品种株高、主茎果轴长、单株蒴数、生育期和产量持续增加。相关分析和多元逐步回归分析表明,主茎果轴长、单株蒴数、生育期对产量影响较大,其次为株高和千粒重、单株蒴数和每蒴粒数等性状。对已通过鉴定品种的品质性状及抗病性做分析,发现品质没有明显变化,抗病性呈现先下降后上升的趋势。因此认为,育种中在保证一定株高和生育期的前提下,更应注意提高品种的单株蒴果数、千粒重和每蒴粒数。生育期延长、株高增加直接影响芝麻机械化生产的发展,应以中矮秆、节间短、抗裂蒴、抗倒伏、品质优、抗病性强为主要育种目标。 相似文献
10.
木薯栽培品种农艺性状与分子标记的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为寻找与木薯茎叶鲜重、块根鲜重、株高、开花、块根数和叶片叶绿素含量紧密关联的分子标记,利用145对SRAP,132对EST-SSR引物对19个木薯栽培品种进行多位点的扫描分析,并在分析群体的连锁不平衡水平基础上,通过关联分析软件TASSEL2.1将标记与这些栽培品种的以上农艺性状进行关联。结果表明:群体中非共线性的SRAP和EST-SS位点组合存在一定的连锁不平衡,在147个SRAP位点的1471个位点组合中支持的不平衡成对位点仅在木薯粗略基因组中占位点组合的0.815%(p0.01),132个ESTSSR位点的993种位点组合仅在木薯基因组中占位点组合的0.302%(p0.01);利用EST-SSR数据分析栽培品种的群体结构可划分为3个亚群,亚群的划分与群体亲缘类型相关联;共检测到29个与性状相关联的位点,其中与茎叶鲜重相关的位点11个,与块根鲜重相关的位点3个,与株高相关的位点3个,与是否开花相关的位点8个,与块根数相关的位点5个,与叶片叶绿素含量相关的位点2个。下一步工作是进行优等位基因的挖掘,找到与茎叶鲜重和株高相关的优异位点、等位变异及携带优异等位变异的载体材料。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献