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1.
Martínez J Jaro PJ Aduriz G Gómez EA Peris B Corpa JM 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(1):160-164
Condemnation causes of growth retarded pigs were studied in a Spanish abattoir. A total of 513 carcasses out of 6017 (8.5%) were rejected during inspection. The main reasons for condemnation were abscesses, cachexia, catarrhal bronchopneumonia, vertebral osteomyelitis, arthritis, pleuritis, peritonitis and pleuropneumonia. Positive relationships were found between tail lesions and arthritis (OR=5.23) or vertebral osteomyelitis (OR=24.81), while no relationships were found between tail lesions and abscesses. Lower risks were observed among carcasses condemned for cachexia, and were as follows: abscesses (OR=0.18), arthritis (OR=0.32), vertebral osteomyelitis (OR=0.06). Arcanobacterium pyogenes, either alone or in combination with other agents, was the main bacterial species isolated from abscesses, osteomyelitis and arthritis (73.5% of lesions). Direct economical losses associated with condemnation were calculated to be 30,000 Euro. 相似文献
2.
Severe dermal necrosis caused by Pasteurella multocida Serotype 1 was diagnosed in three dressed turkey carcasses and two live turkeys from a commercial flock. The dressed carcasses were among several condemned at a processing plant. The isolate, P. multocida Serotype 1, produced progressive dermal necrosis when experimentally inoculated into injured skin of turkeys. The organism was reisolated from the dermal lesions. The turkey houses were found to be infested by mice; the skin injury and infection with P. multocida probably originated from mouse bites. 相似文献
3.
Objective: To assess if there are any ultrasonographic features that may enable tentative diagnosis of hepatic parenchymal disease. Methods: Records of 371 dogs that had abdominal ultrasonography and abnormal liver on biopsy or necropsy were reviewed. Results: Histological diagnoses were hepatitis (n=77), nodular hyperplasia (n=47), vacuolar change (n=45), fibrosis (n=32), primary hepatic carcinoma (n=30), lymphoma (n=28), metastatic neoplasia (n=27), necrosis (n=21), lipidosis (n=17), haemangiosarcoma (n=13), round cell tumour (n=9), hepatocellular adenoma (n=8), degenerative change (n=6), steroid hepatopathy (n=7) and extramedullary haematopoiesis (n=4). The most prevalent ultrasonographic features were multifocal lesions (63% livers with haemangiosarcoma and 43% livers with hepatocellular carcinoma), diffuse lesions (71% livers with steroid hepatopathy, 44% livers with fibrosis and 40% livers with vacuolar hepatopathy), hyperechoic lesions (71% livers with steroid hepatopathy, 41% livers with lipidosis and 38% livers with fibrosis), heterogeneous lesions (62% livers with haemangiosarcoma), hepatomegaly (43% livers with steroid hepatopathy) and peritoneal fluid (62% livers with haemangiosarcoma). Target lesions were associated with malignancy in 67% instances. Marked variability in ultrasonographic appearance of lesions was observed for all diagnoses, and no statistically significant associations between ultrasonographic appearance and diagnosis were found. Clinical Significance: Histological examination remains essential for diagnosis of canine hepatic disease. 相似文献
4.
The green muscle disease (GMD), described for the first time in 1968, is a cause of significant losses in the production of turkey meat. Pathological changes of different intensity are found in smaller pectoral muscles on one or both sides of the sternal crest. GMD has been more frequently observed in Poland since 1991 in breeding turkeys of heavy and medium-heavy types assigned to slaughter after completing the reproductive period. The present study deals with the occurrence of this disease in the Warmia and Mazury District of Poland. Characteristic green foci located in small pectoral muscles were found in 4090 out of 26,169 slaughtered turkeys, i.e. in 15.63% of the carcasses investigated. It was established that 2430.5 kg of meat were confiscated what gave 0.59 kg of confiscated meat per head on the average. 相似文献
5.
The myocarditis associated with reovirus in commercial turkeys was studied retrospectively. Fifty-two cases were identified between 1991 and 2009. The lesions occurred in four different poultry companies in California and affected male and female turkeys with an average age of 19 days. Increased mortality in the turkey flocks ranged from 0.35% to 3% per week in 47 cases. Reovirus was isolated from the heart in 14 out of 19 cases. Twenty-four out of 28 birds from nine cases had low vitamin E levels in the liver ranging from 0.29 to 2.5 ppm (normal 3.0 to > or = 15 ppm). Transmission electron microscopy of the heart revealed degenerative changes in the myocardial cells. Reovirus has been suggested as a probable etiology of this condition. Vitamin E deficiency might also contribute to the development of the lesions. 相似文献
6.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) previously were identified in poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS)-affected turkeys and associated as a cause of this disease. In the present study, the prevalence of EPEC in PEMS-affected turkeys was examined retrospectively with archived tissues and intestinal contents collected from 12 PEMS-affected turkey flocks in 1998. Formalin-fixed intestinal tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy for attaching and effacing (AE) lesions characteristic of EPEC, and frozen (-75 C) intestinal contents were examined for presence of EPEC. Escherichia coli isolates were characterized on the basis of epithelial cell attachment, fluorescent actin staining (FAS) test, and presence of E. coli attaching/effacing (EAE), shigalike toxin (SLT) type I, SLT II, and bundle-forming pilus (BFP) genes by polymerase chain reaction procedures. EPEC isolates were examined for pathogenicity and ability to induce AE lesions in experimentally inoculated young turkeys. AE lesions were identified by light microscopy in Giemsa-stained intestines from 7 of 12 PEMS-affected turkey flocks. Lesions consisted of bacterial microcolonies attached to epithelial surfaces with epithelial degeneration at sites of attachment and inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria. Electron microscopy confirmed the identity of AE lesions in six of seven flocks determined to have AE lesions by light microscopy. EPEC were identified in 4 of 12 flocks on the basis of the presence of EAE genes a nd absence of SLT I and SLT II genes; all isolates lacked BFP genes. EPEC isolates produced AE lesions and variable mortality in turkeys coinfected with turkey coronavirus. In total, EPEC were associated with 10 of 12 (83%) naturally occurring PEMS cases on the basis of identification of AE lesions and/or EPEC isolates. These findings provide additional evidence suggesting a possible role for EPEC in the pathogenesis of PEMS. 相似文献
7.
We designed this study to compare the replication potential of turkey coronavirus (TCV) and its effect in chickens and turkeys and to study the effect of singleand combined infection of turkey poults with TCV and astrovirus. We studied the pathogenicity of TCV in experimentally inoculated turkey poults and chickens by observing the dinical signs and gross lesions. Two trials were conducted with 1-day-old and 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free turkey poults and chickens. One-day-old turkey poults developed diarrhea at 48 hr postinoculation. Poults euthanatized at 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation had flaccid, pale, and thin-walled intestines with watery contents. The 4-wk-old turkeys had no clinical signs or gross lesions. One-day-old and 4-wk-old chicks developed no clinical signs or gross lesions although the TCV was detected in gut contents of the birds throughout the experimental period (14 days). In another experiment, mean plasma D-xylose concentrations in 3-day-old turkey poults inoculated with TCV, turkey astrovirus, or a combination of both viruses were significantly lower than in the uninoculated controls. 相似文献
8.
The present study describes a subclinical necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis in normal broilers routinely slaughtered in a medium-sized (72,000 birds per day) abattoir in the Netherlands. An exploratory investigation was scheduled on line during 20-min periods for 82 flocks (3000 birds examined per period). Liver and duodenum samples were collected for histopathology from 365 birds with liver pathology. Bacteriology was performed from 240 livers with lesions and 80 control livers. In addition to the hepatic pathology, other gross lesions of the carcasses, such as footpad dermatitis and broken legs/wings, were noted. The average prevalence for gross liver lesions was 0.16% (ranging from 0% to 0.63% per flock); 89.59% of the livers were enlarged, had a firm consistency, and revealed multifocal necrotic spots. Microscopically, 51.66% showed a granulomatous reaction in addition to the necrosis. There was no consistent anaerobic or aerobic bacterial growth in comparison to normal livers. A large proportion of the livers revealed growth of Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp., and this was often with more than one type of bacterial colony. The duodenum mucosa grossly showed some redness with a mucous mass on its surface. Microscopically (n = 176) in 5.70% there were no changes in anatomy and cellular activities; 64.20% had a mildly increased number of lymphoid cells and heterophils in the lamina propria and between villus epithelial cells. The remaining 30.10% had moderate degenerative changes of villus epithelium with a mixed cellular infiltration in the lamina propria; 23.29% of the duodenum samples contained coccidia (infestation stage: mild to moderate). Signs of overgrowth with Clostridium spp. were not observed. There was a small, but significant correlation (rs = 0.30; P = 0.006) between prevalence of liver pathology and footpad dermatitis. 相似文献
9.
A new condition of clinical lameness in 20 male turkey flocks of North-Central United States, associated with isolation of gram-positive rod bacteria from lesions of osteomyelitis, is characterized. The characterization confirmed the randomly selected isolates as Actinomyces pyogenes based on macroscopic and microscopic observations and 17 biochemical tests. The disease was reproduced within 3 weeks in all male turkeys, following an intravenous challenge at 15 weeks of age. The agar gel precipitin test and immunoblotting confirmed the antigenic similarity of the isolates recovered from the osteomyelitis lesions of lame birds. 相似文献
10.
Ritter LA Xue J Dial GD Morrison RB Marsh WE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(4):525-528
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of foot lesions, dermatitis, shoulder lesions, mammary gland abnormalities, and visceral lesions, and body condition scores among culled female swine at slaughter. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: Culled gilts and sows killed during a 1-week period at a Midwest slaughterhouse. PROCEDURE: Carcasses were examined, and lesions were recorded. Body condition was scored on the basis of standard criteria. RESULTS: 58.9% (1,029/1,747) of the carcasses had foot lesions, 67.3% (1,178/1,751) had dermatitis, and 4.6% (80/1,751) had shoulder lesions. Body condition score was significantly associated with detection of dermatitis and shoulder lesions. Mean +/- SE number of teats (n = 1,432 carcasses) was 13.86 +/- 0.02. Mean numbers of normal-appearing teats in the left and right mammary chains were 6.57 +/- 0.02 and 6.58 +/- 0.02, respectively. Feet from 48% (688/1,433) of the carcasses were condemned. Visceral lesions were found in 48.8% (624/1,278) of the carcasses; of the carcasses with lesions, 412 (66%) had liver spots, and 268 (42.9%) had pneumonia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Lesions that potentially could have adversely affected production were found in a large percentage of culled gilts and sows at slaughter. Knowledge of lesions commonly found at slaughter may help direct changes in herd health programs. 相似文献
11.
Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: pathology 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Various age groups of turkeys, White Leghorn chickens, and broiler chickens were inoculated with turkey rotavirus strain Tu-2 or with chicken rotavirus Ch-2, and the development of rotavirus-induced lesions were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Morphometric evaluations were conducted to determine morphologic changes in the villi of infected turkeys. Macroscopic lesions that were found in turkeys, but not in chickens, consisted of pallor of the intestinal tract and distension of the cecum with frothy or nonfrothy fluid contents. Histologic lesions in turkeys consisted of basal vacuolation of enterocytes, separation of enterocytes from the lamina propria (with subsequent desquamation), villus atrophy accompanied by widening of the lamina propria, scalloping of the villus surface, fusion of the villi, and leukocytic infiltration of the lamina propria. Scanning electron microscopy indicated roughened villus surfaces, distortion of the normal morphologic features of the villi, and loss of microvilli in cells located on the tips of the villi. Most of the lesions disappeared by 8 days after inoculation. Results of the morphometric evaluations indicated that the crypt length had increased and the villus-to-crypt ratio had significantly decreased, compared with that of noninoculated control turkeys. Broilers greater than or equal to 21 days old and White Leghorn chickens greater than or equal to 35 days old had minimal leukocytic infiltration of the lamina propria and minimal loss of microvilli in cells located on the tips of the villi. The loss of microvilli was more extensive in chickens greater than or equal to 119 days old than in younger birds. Generally, turkeys 1 to 112 days old developed more severe lesions than did chickens, and lesions were more pronounced in turkeys at 112 days of age. 相似文献
12.
H Maeda C Mori M Kurokawa A Yuasa 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1989,51(5):925-933
The livers which are discolored yellowish and have a large amount of lipids (liver degeneration) are frequently observed in slaughtered pigs. Dark firm dry (DFD) meat and liver degeneration have a common etiological agent of exhaustion in pigs before slaughter. The correlation between them was examined. In 65 cases of 77 slaughtered pigs with the degenerative liver, which contained more than 6.6% total lipids of liver wet weight, the carcasses showed early rigor mortis and the higher final pH above 6.0. R values of the muscles, which indicated the decrease of ATP, were higher. The meat had a DFD appearance and the muscle fibers had no tendency to shrink. These data showed that the pigs with liver degeneration produced DFD meat at a high rate. In 4 cases of 5 pigs exhausted experimentally by 53 hr fasting and hard exercise before slaughter, both liver degeneration and DFD meat were produced simultaneously. The livers of them were discolored and contained about 8.0% or more total lipids. The carcasses of them showed early rigor mortis and the higher final pH above 6.0. From these data, it was suggested that the exhaustion in pigs before slaughter caused both liver degeneration and DFD meat. 相似文献
13.
L H Arp 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(12):2644-2647
Young turkeys (n = 20) were inoculated IV with fimbriated, virulent Escherichia coli ECl (O78:K80: H9:F1). Blood samples were collected for bacterial quantitation at postinoculation minutes (PIM) 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60. Immediately after the PIM 30 sampling, the turkeys were allotted into 4 groups (5 turkeys/group) and were injected IV with 1 of the following antisera: group 1, antibodies to F1 fimbriae (AF); group 2, antibodies to E coli O78 antigen (AO); group 3, antibodies to live, fimbriated (F1+) homologous E coli (ALEC); or group 4, normal turkey serum (NTS) collected from a healthy turkey. Compared with NTS, ALEC and AO caused a significant reduction in blood-borne E coli, whereas AF did not reduce bacterial numbers. In addition, 2 groups of 10 turkeys were inoculated IV with live, F1+ or nonfimbriated (F1-) E coli ECl. Numbers of viable bacteria were determined in blood samples and liver specimens collected 2 minutes after inoculation. Compared with F1- bacteria, significantly more F1+ bacteria were found in liver specimens and significantly fewer F1+ bacteria were found in blood samples. Results indicated that antibodies to F1 fimbriae do not enhance clearance of F1+ E coli from the bloodstream of turkeys probably because F1+ bacteria are selectively cleared by the liver, even without antibody. 相似文献
14.
Improper cleaning of the water storage tank resulted in a toxic concentration of sodium in drinking water in a commercial turkey flock. Within the first week after placement 40% of the birds in the flock died. Clinically, poults were depressed and weak, huddled together, and reluctant to walk. At necropsy the birds had crops and gizzards filled with rice hulls, moderately swollen livers, distended gall bladders, and congested lungs. Neither ascites nor round heart was observed. The major microscopic lesion was multifocal symmetrical malacia of brain and spinal cord. Laboratory results revealed a high concentration of sodium in water (2340 mg/liter). The concentration of sodium in brain and liver ranged from 1870 to 2680 (mean = 2185; SD = 321.5) mg/liter wet weight and from 1810 to 2360 (mean = 2191.67; SD = 193.2) mg/liter wet weight, respectively, whereas the normal expected sodium concentration in the brain and liver tissues from young turkeys (< 7 days old) that were submitted for other causes averaged 1233 and 983 mg/liter wet weight, respectively. Based on the histological and toxicological results, a diagnosis of salt poisoning was made. This case investigation demonstrated that sodium analysis of brain and liver are diagnostically useful when confirming sodium poisoning in young turkeys. 相似文献
15.
Nine previously vaccinated turkeys were inoculated intravenously with Pasteurella anatipestifer, and blood samples were taken periodically to evaluate the potential of chronically infected turkeys to serve as reservoirs of infection for blood-feeding arthropod vectors. Vertebral osteomyelitis (spondylitis), as yet unreported in the literature in association with infection with the organism, was found in the thoracic vertebrae of five out of nine inoculated turkeys, and P. anatipestifer was isolated from the thoracic vertebrae of three of the five. The organism was isolated from the peripheral blood of six turkeys 24 hours postinoculation and from the peripheral blood of one turkey 7 days postinoculation. The organism was also isolated from the heart blood of two birds at necropsy--from one at 21 days and, following an intramuscular injection of dexamethasone, from the other turkey at 38 days postinoculation. 相似文献
16.
Recurring episodes of extreme leg weakness and associated mortality were documented in a turkey flock at 8 to 15 weeks of age. Flock mortality attributed to posterior paresis was approximately 12%, or 4800 of 40,000 turkeys. Four of six open-confinement units were affected. Gross and histological examinations revealed no significant lesions. Immunology and virology were uninformative. There were no significant differences in serum chemistry between clinically affected and normal turkeys. Testing of feed, water, soil, and tissues revealed no common toxicants. Isolation and supportive care for affected turkeys, both in the laboratory and in the field, frequently resulted in full recovery. Injection of a test group of affected turkeys with Type C botulism antitoxin appeared to enhance recovery. However, repeated attempts to detect botulism toxin in serum, liver, or cecal contents using mouse bioassay procedures were unsuccessful. 相似文献
17.
Slavić D Boerlin P Fabri M Klotins KC Zoethout JK Weir PE Bateman D 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(2):89-97
Antimicrobial susceptibilities and toxin types were determined for 275 Clostridium perfringens isolates collected in Ontario in the spring of 2005. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of C. perfringens isolates for 12 antimicrobials used in therapy, prophylaxis, and/or growth promotion of cattle (n = 40), swine (n = 75), turkeys (n = 50), and chickens (n = 100) were determined using the microbroth dilution method. Statistical analyses and MIC distributions showed reduced susceptibility to bacitracin, clindamycin, erythromycin, florfenicol, and tetracycline for some isolates. Reduced susceptibility to bacitracin was identified in chicken (64%) and turkey (60%) isolates. Swine isolates had predominantly reduced susceptibility to clindamycin (28%) and erythromycin (31%), whereas bovine isolates had reduced susceptibility to clindamycin (10%) and florfenicol (10%). Reduced susceptibility to tetracycline was spread across all species. No clear reduced susceptibility, but elevated MIC(50) for virginiamycin was found in chicken isolates in comparison with isolates from other species. Toxin typing revealed that C. perfringens type A is the dominant toxin type isolated in this study across all 4 host species. 相似文献
18.
During the 1984 to 1986 spring hunting seasons in Connecticut, viscera from 300 hunter-killed wild turkeys and blood samples from live-trapped wild turkeys were examined in order to establish a health profile on the State's wild turkey population. Seven species of endoparasites were recovered from 224 (75%) of 300 birds: Metroliasthes lucida, Ascaridia dissimilis, Heterakis gallinarum, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria species, Trichomonas gallinarum, and Eimeria species. The most prevalent parasites were A. dissimilis (52%) and M. lucida (37%). Although some turkeys harbored high intensities of these two helminths, there were no associated gross or microscopic lesions nor body weight changes. The prevalence of S. trachea, H. gallinarum, Capillaria and Eimeria species, which are potential pathogenic parasites in domestic and wild turkeys, was very low (less than 3%). Blood samples from 19 live-trapped wild turkeys were negative for hemoprotozoa and antibodies to 15 common bacterial and viral agents. Serum samples from 82 birds were negative for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The survey indicates that the wild turkey population of Connecticut presently has little evidence of common infectious diseases and minimal prevalence of potentially pathogenic parasites. 相似文献
19.
以组织滴虫病疫区鸡异刺线虫虫卵实验诱发火鸡、乌鸡组织滴虫病，分别在潜伏期、症状明显期、转归期对盲肠、肝脏等组织器官进行病理学比较观察，结果显示：盲肠卡他（乌鸡13/20；火鸡8/29）和纤维素性坏死（火鸡19/27，乌鸡7/20）。肝脏脂肪变性（火鸡8/27；乌鸡11/20）及局灶性坏死（火鸡19/27；乌鸡4/20）。此外，火鸡肝脏与盲肠见典型传染性肉芽肿。 相似文献
20.
A K Elmubarak J M Sharma R L Witter V L Sanger 《American journal of veterinary research》1982,43(4):740-742
Herpesvirus of turkeys, a highly effective vaccine against Marek's disease (MD) in chickens, was ineffective in protecting turkeys against MD. Another tissue-culture attenuated vaccine virus also protected chickens, but not turkeys, from MD. Intact and immunosuppressed turkey poults inoculated with herpesvirus of turkey developed a persistent viremia, but did not have detectable gross or microscopic lesions. 相似文献