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1.
油菜不同发育时期喷施杀雄剂1号的杀雄效果和对花药细胞形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用0.03％的杀雄剂1号在油菜发育的15个时期处理,结果表明植株从花粉母细胞形成到三核期都有杀雄效果,以单核期处理效果最好。细胞形态学观察表明,杀雄剂1号能使花粉母细胞形态及花粉母细胞减数分裂异常,四分体退化或异常,单核花粉粒细胞质收缩,呈质壁分离状,花粉数减少,且皱缩,畸形,空秕,互相挤在一起,同一花蕾中花粉发育不同步,中间层推迟解体,绒毡层推迟或提前解体,或者异常增生,花粉外壁网纹变密、网孔变小,网脊变细。 相似文献
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两种新杀雄药在油菜上的应用简报 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对两种新杀雄药化杀灵和草甘膦在甘蓝型油菜湘油15号上进行了杀雄效果研究。结果表明，化杀灵在油菜植株最大花蕾长达2．5mm时喷施，杀雄效果非常理想，1：140～90的浓度范围处理油菜不育株率都在90．0％以上，且无药害株；1：90的化杀灵中附加生长调节剂赤霉素辅助处理显示，0．139％的赤霉素在部分植株上表现出了生长促进作用，不育株率提高到100％。草甘膦则药害严重，不宜在油菜上做杀雄剂使用。 相似文献
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采用不同浓度的化学杂交剂ＫＭＳ—１处理不同生长发育时期的油菜,诱导其雄性不育,结果表明：在试验的ＫＭＳ—１浓度范围内,最佳杀雄浓度为１．５％,最佳处理期（单核期）的不育株率可达８１％。在五叶期至造孢细胞期施药３～４ｄ后,出现叶片坏死斑,植株明显变矮或部分株死亡等药害现象,不育花粉率只有２％～４％。在花粉母细胞减数分裂期至成熟花粉期喷药处理,花药的绒毡层及花粉均出现异常,不育花粉率可达１７％～８０％。 相似文献
4.
化学杀雄剂1号对棉花花药氨基酸的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用化学杀雄剂 1号及其改良配方对棉花植株进行杀雄处理 ,研究结果表明 ,使用化学杀雄剂 1号后 ,花药 16种蛋白质氨基酸中 Met,Ile,L eu,His,Tyr等 5种氨基酸的含量不受杀雄剂 1号的影响 ,而 Pro,Asp,Glu,Phe,L ys,Val,Thr,Ser,Gly,Arg和 Ala等 11种氨基酸含量受到不同程度的影响。化学杀雄剂 1号中添加脯氨酸以及添加混合氨基酸 (脯氨酸和谷氨酸 )的两种改良配方使花药 Pro,Glu,Phe,L ys,Thr,Gly含量恢复到接近对照水平 ,而对其它氨基酸含量则没有显著影响 ;其杀雄效率与单独喷施化学杀雄剂 1号无显著性差异 ,而毒副作用明显减轻。杀雄剂 1号引起的氨基酸代谢失调可能是造成雄性不育的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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化学杂交诱导油菜雄性不育机理的研究：Ⅱ.KMS—1对甘蓝型油菜育性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
官春云 《中国油料作物学报》1998,20(3):1-4
采用不同浓度的化学杂交剂ＫＭＳ－１处理不同生长发育时期的油菜,诱导其雄性不育,结果表明：在试验的ＫＭＳ－１浓度范围内,最佳杀雄浓度为１．５％,最佳处理期朱育株率可达８１％。在五叶期至造孢细胞期施药３－４ｄ后出现叶片坏死斑,植株明显变矮分析不死亡等药害现象,不育花粉率只有２％－４％。 相似文献
9.
小麦遗传型与生理型雄性不育花药同工酶的比较研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为了研究小麦遗传型和生理型雄性不育生化机制上的异同,以遗传型(S型不育系)和生理型雄性不育小麦(高温诱导和化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导)为材料,分别取其小孢子处于单核早期的幼穗,单核后期、二核期、三核期的花药进行了过氧化物酶(POD)、细胞色素氧化酶(COD)同工酶的比较研究。结果表明,S型雄性不育系和经杀雄剂SQ-1处理后诱导出的生理型雄性不育,其POD、COD同工酶的活性比对照材料弱,且条带少;经高温诱导出的生理型雄性不育,其同工酶活性比对照强,且条带多。三者比较后可知,经SQ-1诱导的材料及S型不育系抑制了某些酶带有关基因的表达,使物质能量代谢受阻,造成雄性不育的发生;经高温诱导的材料在高温逆境中其活性氧自由基含量高,发生剧烈的膜脂过氧化作用,导致雄性不育的发生。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2016,(6)
在油菜杂种优势利用中,为筛选新型化学杀雄剂,有效诱导雄性不育,以甘蓝型油菜自交系740C和Q8C为材料,使用5种除草剂(苯磺隆、氯吡嘧磺隆、环氧嘧磺隆、双草醚和阔草清),各4个稀释浓度(1/200、1/100、3/200、1/50)对现蕾期的植株进行喷施,在处理后1至4d分别采取油菜叶片和花蕾,测定乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)酶活性,并在后期进行花粉活力的测定和育性分析。结果表明:双草醚、阔草清能够抑制ALS酶的活性但不具有化学杀雄作用。同一药剂不同浓度处理的油菜体内ALS酶活性表现为随药剂浓度升高而降低的趋势。740C比Q8C对5种除草剂更敏感,ALS酶活性抑制程度更明显。老叶、幼叶、花蕾对化学杀雄剂的敏感程度依次增加,其ALS酶活性逐步降低。筛选出氯吡嘧磺隆和环氧嘧磺隆,可以作为候选化学杀雄剂,适合浓度分别是1.3~2.6mg/L和1.5~3.0mg/L。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献