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1.
河漫滩上沉积物的沉积伴随着与沉积物相结合的营养和污染物质的沉积.已有研究表明,河漫滩是与沉积物相结合的磷的沉积地.采用137Cs技术,并结合河漫滩沉积物中全磷(TP)含量的剖面信息,可以调查近年河漫滩沉积物中的TP含量,计算TP储量.本文根据英国Devon郡Culm河8个河漫滩采样环沉积物中的数据,重建了在过去40～50年内TP储量和含量的变化.结果表明,在Culm河河漫滩沉积物中,在1963～2000年间TP平均含量为0.60～1.96 g kg-1,该值自河流上游向下游和自过去到现在有逐渐增加的趋势;在相同的河漫滩沉积物中,在相同的时期内TP储量为18.62～435.48 g m-2,即0.49～11.46 g m-2 a-1, 最大值出现在河流的中游. 相似文献
2.
河漫滩上沉积物的沉积伴随着与沉积物相结合的营养和污染物质的沉积。已有研究表明,河漫滩是与沉积物相结合的磷的沉积地。采用137Cs技术,并结合河漫滩沉积物中全磷(TP)含量的剖面信息,可以调查近年河漫滩沉积物中的TP含量,计算TP储量。本文根据英国Devon郡Culm河8个河漫滩采样环沉积物中的数据,重建了在过去40～50年内TP储量和含量的变化。结果表明,在Culm河河漫滩沉积物中,在1963～2000年间TP平均含量为0.60～1.96gkg-1,该值自河流上游向下游和自过去到现在有逐渐增加的趋势;在相同的河漫滩沉积物中,在相同的时期内TP储量为18.62～435.48gm-2,即0.49～11.46gm-2a-1,最大值出现在河流的中游。 相似文献
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人工同位素137Cs可以作为环境示踪因子研究河漫滩沉积物.综述了应用137Cs技术调查河漫滩沉积物的沉积率、确定沉积物来源和研究与沉积物相结合的污染物质的研究进展. 相似文献
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近120年来高陵渭河河漫滩沉积物磁化率指示的气候变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据史料记载以及高陵渭河河漫滩沉积物共110个样品磁化率、粒度成分的测定分析,研究了近120年来,该地区沉积物在0～4.0 m深度上磁化率变化特征。结果显示,高陵渭河河漫滩磁化率随深度具有高低变化节律,整个剖面分6个阶段,第1,3,5阶段频率磁化率值高,第2,4,6阶段频率磁化率值低;沉积物磁化率与粒度成分有较好的相关性,表现为频率磁化率值低,沉积物粒度成分细,反之则反。磁化率反映了沉积时期水动力强弱变化,第1,3,5阶段对应洪水规模大的时期,指示沉积时水位高,水量大;第2,4,6阶段对应洪水规模小的时期,指示沉积时水位低,水量小。洪水规模的变化间接反映了该地区近120年来气候的波动变化特征。 相似文献
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渭河咸阳段近代洪水沉积物粒度特征分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
粒度是沉积物中各种粗细颗粒的机械组成,可以用于洪水沉积环境和物质运动方式的判定.通过对渭河咸阳段河漫滩沉积状况野外调查和53个样品的粒度资料分析,研究了渭河咸阳段的洪水沉积物粒度特征,分析了粒度组成、粒度参数和粒度频率曲线等粒度特征资料.探讨了渭河咸阳段洪水变化和沉积环境.研究结果表明,渭河咸阳段河漫滩北堡子剖面近30 a来洪水沉积厚度为2.6m,主要粒度组成中砂粒级的含量最高,颗粒较粗,分选较差.根据粒度特征资料分析,渭河咸阳段河漫滩沉积物发育较好,变化明显,能够较清楚地指示渭河近30 a来发生的约13次洪水的变化. 相似文献
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《土壤通报》2015,(1):19-24
亚热带红土沉积物物源并不像北方黄土研究那么深入,其成因、来源等一直存在争论,不同类型的沉积物有着不同的物源说。通过分析对亚热带沉积物的稀土元素含量、特征值、配分模式分析,得出:亚热带不同区域的加积型红土,其物质来源不同;加积红土层有明显的分异,同一剖面中的不同沉积层,其沉积环境可能发生了变化;均质红土部分上与北方黄土特征相似,网纹红土在某种程度上也与黄土接近,推测可能均与北方黄土存在一定的物质联系,是北方风尘、地区河湖沉积以及风化壳的高度混合体,其混合程度不同;黄棕色土与下蜀黄土表现出较一致的特征,相对于北方黄土,他们更加接近长江河漫滩沉积物,长江漫滩堆积物可能主导了其物质来源,而黄土对其的影响相对较小。长江河漫滩沉积可能对位于长江河谷附近的第四纪加积红土有较为重要的影响,而随着距离河谷距离的增加,北方风尘和区域各类沉积对物源的贡献增大。 相似文献
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渭河咸阳段非饱和层状沉积物中水分分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
层状结构是河流相松散沉积物中最常见的沉积结构,通常表现出一些特有的水力学性质,对水分运动过程及沉积物的持水性能产生影响.本文通过对渭河陕西咸阳段河漫滩一个层状沉积物剖面的含水率分布特征进行原位观测,讨论层状沉积物中含水率的分布特征,及其与粒度和毛细壁垒效应的关系.结果表明:在以水平层理和交错层理为主的粗细相间的层状河流沉积物中,天然含水率也呈干润相间的层状分布特征,各层含水率的大小主要与粒度成负相关;沉积物粗细相间的层状分布为毛细壁垒的形成提供条件,在降雨入渗和土壤水蒸发过程中,毛细壁垒效应对水分运动的控制会导致细粒层中含水率高于粗粒层.层状松散沉积物中水分的这种分布规律,为理解土壤持水性能提供了新的思路,对研究土壤含水率与降雨入渗、蒸发等水文过程的关系具有重要意义. 相似文献
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为揭示长寿湖水库沉积物有机碳的垂直变化特征,采用重力采样器采集水库沉积泥沙,测定了沉积物样品的容重、颗粒组成、总有机碳(TOC)等。结果表明:自1956年水库建成后,长寿湖水库采样点沉积物的厚度为92cm,年均沉积深度为1.59cm。沉积物颗粒粒径随深度减小呈现出先变细,再变粗,表层变细的变化趋势。沉积物中TOC平均含量为14.14g/kg,从建库开始,采样点沉积物中TOC的含量变化趋势是先减小;随着人类活动的加剧导致土地利用发生较大变化,如退耕还林、城市化进程加快等,特别是水面上肥水网箱养鱼等活动,使沉积物中TOC含量逐渐增加;在2004年长寿湖水库全面禁止肥水养鱼后,TOC含量逐渐减小。研究长寿湖水库沉积物有机碳的垂直变化,对认识水库沉积物物理性质、沉积历史及沉积物与人类活动的关系有重要的意义。 相似文献
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An important feature of overbank floodplain deposits is the spatial variability of their particle size composition. Analysis of such spatial variability can assist in developing an improved understanding of the transport and deposition of suspended sediment on river floodplains during overbank flood events, in investigating the fate of sediment-associated contaminants and in calibrating existing floodplain sediment deposition models. The study reported in this paper investigates the spatial variability of the grain size composition of overbank floodplain deposits at different spatial scales, through analysis of surface sediment samples collected from frequently inundated floodplain sites on the Rivers Cuhn, Stour and Severn in the UK. Significant lateral and downstream variations in the grain size composition of the sediment deposits have been documented at the study sites, and the results obtained have been interpreted in terms of the processes governing overbank floodplain flow and sediment transport and deposition, which are influenced by a number of factors including floodplain geometry and topography. 相似文献
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Brian Kronvang Inga K. Andersen Carl Christian Hoffmann Morten L. Pedersen Niels B. Ovesen H. E. Andersen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,181(1-4):115-121
Water exchange, flow patterns and deposition of sediment and phosphorus were measured in cross-sections of a naturally functioning floodplain during one winter and in three restored floodplains following remeandering of formerly straightened and channelized rivers. Sediment and phosphorus depositional processes were studied, deploying artificial grass mats at different distances from the river channel. In addition, a mass-balance approach was applied on the experimental site. Our results show that the deposition of sediment and particulate phosphorus constituted 3,000–4,700 g DW m?2 and 1.2–7.3 g P m?2, respectively, on the four floodplains studied during a winter where flood duration lasted between 20 and 76 days. The storage efficiency for sediment ranged between 28–47 and 4.0–7.0% for phosphorus. 相似文献
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Purpose
Despite the decline of metal mining in the UK during the early 20th century, a substantial legacy of heavy metal contamination persists in river channel and floodplain sediments. Poor sediment quality is likely to impede the achievement of ‘good’ chemical and ecological status for surface waters under the European Union Water Framework Directive. This paper examines the environmental legacy of the Dylife lead/zinc mine in the central Wales mining district. Leachable heavy metal concentrations in the bed sediments of the Afon Twymyn are established and the geochemical partitioning, potential mobility and bioavailability of sediment-associated heavy metals are established. 相似文献14.
[目的]在保证防洪和尽量不影响现有土地利用和水工设施的前提下,设计一系列措施将洪水重新引入泛滥平原,促进泛滥平原蓄集洪水,使得水资源配置更加合理。[方法]结合当前的河流整治工作,通过影像分析、实地调查等方法,依据生态学的理论进行生态蓄洪设计研究。[结果]以山西省宁武县恢河的一个泛滥平原为例,提出泛滥平原分洪网的生态蓄洪设计,具体包括浅滩深潭序列渠、池塘链分洪渠、分洪出入口等措施,将河道中的洪水引入泛滥平原并蓄集下来,尽可能地恢复泛滥平原的蓄水功能,调节河流流量、消洪减灾。[结论]泛滥平原分洪网设计符合河流生态系统自然规律,在保证经济、社会发展的前提下,最大程度地发挥小型河流泛滥平原的生态效益,重视发挥小型河流的生态蓄水功能,恢复健康的河流和流域。 相似文献
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Attempts to study spatial patterns of overbank sedimentation on river floodplains commonly face important operational and sampling problems in documenting deposition rates. Recent advances in the application of fallout radionuclides (137Cs and unsupported210Pb) to the estimation of medium-term rates of overbank sedimentation offer an essentially unique opportunity to assemble detailed distributed data sets for medium term deposition rates. Such data can afford a valuable basis for investigating the complex relationship between sedimentation rates and floodplain microtopography and morphology and flow hydraulics. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the spatial pattern of overbank sedimentation rates on the floodplain of the River Culm, Devon, UK. Caesium-137 and unsupported210Pb measurements have been used to establish the general pattern of deposition rates along an 11 kilt reach and more intensive measurements have been employed to document the detailed pattern existing within a small area subject to frequent inundation. The resultant data have been used as a basis for interpreting the major controls on the observed patterns. 相似文献
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冻融条件下土壤可蚀性对坡面氮磷流失的影响 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
冻融作用与水力侵蚀的复合作用更容易使土壤发生侵蚀,进而加剧土壤养分的流失,为了揭示冻融作用下土壤可蚀性对坡面养分流失的影响,该文采用室内模拟降雨试验,研究了不同土壤含水率(SWC)下坡面的降雨产流产沙及养分流失特征,并分析了土壤可蚀性对坡面全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)流失的影响。结果表明:产流率与产沙率之间呈现正线性相关关系,相关方程斜率的绝对值可作为土壤可蚀性指标。径流中氮磷的流失主要受径流率控制,受土壤可蚀性影响较小(P0.05);而土壤可蚀性显著影响着泥沙中氮磷和总的氮磷流失(P0.01)。土壤可蚀性对黄土坡面氮素流失的影响与冻融作用有关,而土壤可蚀性对坡面磷素流失的影响与冻融作用无关,磷素的流失随着土壤可蚀性增加而增加。因此,在黄土地区,应当采取一系列的生态建设措施来控制水土流失,降低土壤可蚀性,从而减少坡面养分的流失。该研究结果为冻融条件下黄土坡面水-土和氮磷等养分流失机制提供了有效指导。 相似文献
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The flood regime in the middle course of the Ural River has been studied on the basis of data obtained at hydrological stations from 1912 to 1990. Its effect on the growth and productivity of oak stands on different elements of the floodplain is discussed. The particle-size distribution and the reserves of physical clay, clay, humus, and available potassium and phosphorus under natural (three plots) and artificially planted (three plots) oak stands have been determined. It is proved that natural oak stands are allocated to levees with considerable content of physical clay (<0.01 mm) in the soil profile, which provides penetration of the tree roots to a depth of 6 m and more, down to the ground-water level during the summer low-water period. The role of water infiltration into the banks in the periods of low floods is shown to affect the ground-water level at a distance of up to 700 m from the river bed. The artificial cultivation of oak stands on the floodplain requires the proper selection of particular ecological niches. The successful growth of artificially planted oak stands is only possible near the lakes within the central floodplain. Problems of the expansion of oak stands onto the high elements of the central floodplain, the replacement of oak by other tree species, the natural regrowth of oak trees, and the shift of their southern boundary onto the floodplain in the lower course of the Ural River are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Sander Wijnhoven Ivo Thonon Gerard Van Der Velde Rob Leuven Mathilde Zorn Herman Eijsackers Toine Smits 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,177(1-4):183-210
Floodplains along large European rivers are diffusely polluted with heavy metals due to emissions in the past. Because of low mobility of heavy metals in floodplain soils and improvements of water quality, these pollutants will remain in place, and can gradually become covered with less contaminated sediments. Bioturbators, especially earthworms, can play an important role in the mixing and surfacing of contaminated substrate. Surfaced substrate can be redistributed by recurrent flooding events, even to areas outside the floodplain. The question remained to what extent bioturbation by small mammals contributes to the redistribution of heavy metals from river sediments in floodplains. Extensive fieldwork on bioturbators such as voles, moles and earthworms and their distribution patterns, as well as on sediment deposition and bioturbation, was conducted at the ‘Afferdensche en Deestsche Waarden’ floodplain over the years 2001–2003. Field data were combined with data of experiments in field enclosures and substrate columns to calculate the amounts of sediment and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) redistributed during the floods as well as on an annual basis. Moles and voles surfaced considerable amounts of substrate and heavy metals, but not as much as earthworms which contribute a substantial proportion of the total deposition and redistribution during floods. Although the impact of moles and voles on the redistribution during floods was only locally important, on an annual basis the bioturbation activity of especially moles in floodplains cannot be neglected. The annual amounts of substrate and heavy metals surfaced by all investigated bioturbators were even larger than the total amounts of substrate and heavy metals deposited during floods. 相似文献