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1.
为了解植物促生菌剂在砂质潮土麦田的应用效果,采用壁芽孢杆菌、特基拉芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌制成的微生物菌剂进行小区试验,设置T1(不施任何菌剂和骨粉)、T2(单施骨粉)、T3(施用以骨粉为载体的壁芽孢杆菌菌剂)、T4(施用以骨粉为载体的特基拉芽孢杆菌菌剂)、T5(施用以骨粉为载体的短小芽孢杆菌菌剂)、T6(施用以骨粉为载体的壁芽孢杆菌、特基拉芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌等比例混合菌剂)6个处理,研究了植物促生菌剂对土壤微生物及小麦产量的影响。结果表明,T3、T4、T5、T6处理均能显著提高土壤微生物数量及活性,促进土壤速效磷的释放与IAA含量的提高,增加小麦产量。在本试验条件下,T5、T6处理小麦生育期内土壤微生物数量显著高于其他处理。T5处理显著提高小麦生育期内土壤的微生物碳、氮含量(P0.05),促进速效磷、速效钾养分的释放,提高土壤IAA的含量,并且促进小麦显著增产,增产幅度12.8%,达到6 357.4kg·hm-2。表明采用短小芽孢杆菌制成的微生物菌剂(T5)效果最好。 相似文献
2.
花生连作田土壤微生物群落动态与土壤养分关系研究 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33
对不同连作年限花生田土壤中的微生物群落和养分进行了分析，结果表明，随着花生连作年限的增加，土壤及花生根际土壤中的真菌数量明显增加，细菌数量明显减少；根际与非根际土壤的R／S值随连作年限的增加而降低；连作1年后碱解氮含量变化达显著水平，土壤中速效磷和速效钾的含量与细茵数量呈极显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
3.
复合生防菌群对连作土壤大豆根际可培养微生物区系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤微生物区系的变化是引起大豆连作障碍的主要因素之一。本实验采用盆栽试验,研究了复合生防菌群对大豆根际土壤可培养微生物区系的调节作用。结果表明,复合生防菌群可以明显改变大豆根际微生物区系组成。在大豆不同时期,复合生防菌群处理的大豆根际细菌、真菌和放线在数量发生较大改变。在大豆真叶期和复叶期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际细菌较对照增幅分别达到71.8%和114.3%,而根际真菌较对照减少12.9%和22.3%.。在大豆真叶期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际放线菌数量较对照减少9.9%,而在复叶期,根际放线数量较对照增加27.4%。此外,研究结显示,施用复合生防菌可有效降低土传病原菌镰孢菌属（Fusarium）和丝核菌属（Rhizoctonia）的比例,并且提高根瘤菌（Rhizobium）、固氮菌（Azotobacter）、木霉属（Trichoderma）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等有益菌的比例。总之,该复合生防菌群对改善连作土壤大豆根际微生物区系方面有良好的效果。 相似文献
4.
为了研究氮素转化菌对茶树根际土壤微生态环境的影响,本试验以山东泰安2年生茶树根际土壤为研究对象,设置枯草芽孢杆菌（T1）和褐球固氮菌（T2）两个接种处理,以不接种为对照（CK）。采用培养计数法与末端限制性片段长度多态性技术（T-RFLP）,测定不同时期根际土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌、氨化细菌、固氮菌、硝化细菌的数量及接种后微生物多样性的变化。同时测定接种后土壤中养分含量的变化。结果表明,接种60βd后T1和T2处理细菌数量显著高于CK,但对真菌及放线菌的影响不显著。整个试验过程氨化细菌和固氮菌数量高于CK,氨化细菌以T1处理最多,固氮菌以T2处理最多,硝化细菌数量始终是CK显著高于T1和T2处理。基于T-RFLP图谱分析,与对照组相比,菌剂组均增加了土壤微生物多样性和丰富度,各物种在数量上的均匀程度变大。在土壤养分方面,T1、T2菌剂处理组铵态氮浓度显著高于对照组,硝态氮含量低于对照。在速效P方面,T1、T2含量比CK分别显著提高了8%、25%。在速效K方面,T1、T2含量显著高于CK,提高了15%和11%。枯草芽孢杆菌和褐球固氮菌菌剂改善了茶树根际土壤微生态环境,提高了土壤养分,表现出正面效应,是一种生态安全性较高的生物菌剂。 相似文献
5.
含氨基酸水溶肥是一种新型绿色肥料,具有肥效快、无残留、改善作物品质和提高作物抗逆性等优点。将其作为有机载体制备菌肥,对芽孢杆菌生长和繁殖是否具有影响,尚未见报道。本研究分析不同浓度的“绿农林”含氨基酸水溶肥溶液对芽孢杆菌菌株X05和QB61生长繁殖、拮抗代谢物产生以及对番茄、香蕉生长和香蕉枯萎病防效的影响。结果表明：在1~50 g/L供试含氨基酸水溶肥溶液中培养24 h,芽孢杆菌X05和QB61细胞数量增长为初始菌量的86~2900倍,而在清水中培养24 h,细胞数量未发生明显变化;X05和QB61在50 g/L的含氨基酸水溶肥溶液中培养48 h,上清液对香蕉枯萎病菌的生长具有显著的抑制作用,而在其他浓度的含氨基酸水溶肥溶液和清水中培养48 h,上清液均无抑制作用;与单独施用芽孢杆菌X05或QB61处理相比,施用添加芽孢杆菌X05或QB61的含氨基酸水溶肥处理的番茄和香蕉幼苗生长显著增强,同时香蕉枯萎病发病指数分别降低33.4%和32.2%。以上结果表明,供试氨基酸水溶肥可促进芽孢杆菌X05和QB61的生长和繁殖,并使其产生拮抗代谢物,两者混合施用对番茄和香蕉具有更好的促生效果,并可提高芽孢杆菌对香蕉枯萎病的防效。因此,供试的含氨基酸水溶肥与上述的芽孢杆菌组合具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
6.
利用根箱法解析大豆苗期氮磷吸收及其在根际分布的特征 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
应用根箱法对2种不同大豆基因型苗期的氮、磷吸收及其在根际分布进行比较研究.结果表明,高产品种北丰11单位根长及根表面积吸收的氮、磷量及植株体内的氮、磷含量均高于低产品系海9731,北丰11表现出较强的吸收养分能力.土壤有效氮、磷在根际的分布趋势不同,根际有效氮含量高于非根际,而有效磷含量则低于非根际,但全氮和全磷的含量无明显变化.不同基因型间,活化根际养分能力差异较大,北丰11在0-8 mm内的根际土壤有效氮、磷含量均高于海9731,这种差异的原因与2基因型根际pH值的差异有一定关系,北丰11根际pH较低. 相似文献
7.
复合生防菌群对连作大豆根际土壤可培养微生物区系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验,研究了复合生防菌群对大豆根际土壤可培养微生物区系的调节作用.结果表明,复合生防菌群可以明显改变大豆根际微生物区系组成.在大豆不同时期,复合生防菌群处理的大豆根际细菌、真菌和放线菌在数量上发生了较大改变.在大豆真叶期和复时期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际细菌较对照增幅分别达到71.8％和114.3％,而根际真菌较对照减少12.9％和22.3％.在大豆真叶期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际放线菌数量较对照减少9.9％,而在复叶期,根际放线菌数量较对照增加27.4％.此外,施用复合生防菌群可有效降低土传病原菌镰孢菌属(Fusarium)和丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)的比例,并且提高根瘤菌(Rhtizobium)、固氮菌(Azotobacter)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等有益菌的比例. 相似文献
8.
施用木醋液甜瓜根系生长及根际土壤生物学性状与细菌多样性变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以盆栽甜瓜为研究对象,基于传统与现代分析技术,探究木醋液对于甜瓜根系生长、根际土壤生物学性状和细菌群落结构的影响,旨在开发木醋液作为液态肥料及土壤改良剂的可行性。结果表明,稀释600倍木醋液处理不仅显著促进甜瓜根系生长、显著提高甜瓜根际土壤中可培养微生物数量以及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和涉及土壤碳、氮、磷循环相关酶的活性,而且有效地提高了甜瓜根际土壤细菌丰富度Chao 1指数和多样性Shannon指数;另一方面,门或属分类水平上,无论施用何种浓度的木醋液,其优势菌门与对照之间无显著差异,均为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）;优势菌属均为Subgroup 6_no rank、Saccharibacteria、Gemmatimonadaceae（芽单胞菌属）、Sphingomonas（鞘脂单胞菌属）、Soil Crenarchaeotic Group、Bacillus（芽孢杆菌属）、Rhodospirillaceae（红螺菌属）、Roseiflexus（玫瑰弯菌属）、Lactococcus（乳球菌属）和Acidimicrobiales。施用木醋液没有改变甜瓜根际土壤中细菌优势菌门或菌属的组成,但稀释300倍或600倍木醋液更有利于甜瓜根际土壤形成细菌群落结构更为多样的微环境。综合甜瓜根系生长及指示根际土壤肥力指标的生物学性状,施用稀释600倍木醋液更有助于促进甜瓜生长、提高甜瓜根际微环境的土壤肥力和抵御土传病害的能力。 相似文献
9.
为了获取木薯根际土壤并研究其细菌群落特征,加深对木薯根际微生态的认知,开展根袋试验,以粘土和砂质壤土根袋内不同土壤质量（100~500 g）为处理。结果表明,根袋内土质量影响株高,但不影响茎叶重。根袋内100 g土的速效养分受到根系强烈影响,其中铵态氮和速效钾显著高于根袋外。Illumina Hiseq高通量测序结果表明,细菌优势菌门包括变形菌门（31.272%）、放线菌门（25.753%）、酸杆菌门（12.761%）、绿弯菌门（8.799%）等。2种土壤根袋内细菌α多样性增加,粘土细菌丰度也增加。RDA分析表明,土壤速效磷与放线菌门和绿弯菌门正相关,与变形菌门负相关;速效氮、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮与芽单胞菌门、酸杆菌门、Parcubacteria等负相关,与厚壁菌门、蓝藻门、梭杆菌门、拟杆菌门正相关;从根袋内外土壤速效养分和土壤细菌多样性综合判定,根袋内100 g土壤时可视为根际土壤,且铵态氮和速效钾可作为判断是否根际土壤的指示指标。根际微生物多样性显著提高。鞘脂杆菌目是木薯品种SC205在不同土质下共同富集的根际细菌。发现了土壤速效养分与部分细菌门的相关性。 相似文献
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11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献